2022年，Rust 将成为 Linux 内核第二官方语言？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"本周，Linux 内核和 Rust on Linux 的主要开发者 Miguel Ojeda 向 Linux Kernel 邮件列表提交了一个"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/[email protected]","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新补丁 (v2)"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，进一步推进了 Rust for Linux 的工作进展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"邮件内容指出，新的补丁将为 Linux 内核增加对 Rust 作为第二语言的支持，并且对 Rust 的整体支持进行了多项改进。具体来说，Rust 代码现在已经依赖于稳定的 Rust 编译器而不是之前的 beta 版本状态。Ojeda 称，接下来每次发布新的稳定 Rust 编译器时，Linux 上的 Rust 都会进行迁移。目前其已经迁移到了上周刚发布的 Rust 1.57.0 版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"展望未来，Ojeda 继续提到 “通过升级编译器，我们已经能够把我们使用的一些不稳定的特性从列表中删除。我们将继续升级，直到我们不再依赖任何不稳定的特性，到那时，我们可能要开始宣布支持 Rust 的最低版本，就像对 GCC 和 Clang 那样。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"学术界和工业界的支持"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"随着 Rust 的兴起，许多开发人员越来越有兴趣在 Linux 内核中尝试 R"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"ust。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2019 年，Alex Gaynor 和 Geoffrey Thomas 在 Linux Security Summit 安全峰会上进行了演讲，他们介绍了 Rust 内核模块的一个原型，并提出了在内核中采用 Rust 的理由。此次演讲重点是在安全问题上，其中指出在 Android 和 Ubuntu 中，约有三分之二的内核漏洞被分配到 CVE 中，这些漏洞都是来自于内存安全问题。原则上，Rust 可以通过其 type system 和 borrow checker 所提供的更安全的 API 来完全避免这类错误。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.linuxplumbersconf.org","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 Linux Plumbers Conference"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 上，Thomas 、Gaynor、Rust 语言团队的联合领导者 Josh Triplett 以及其他一些对此感兴趣的开发者以“Barriers to in-tree Rust”为主题，讨论了想要把 Rust 引入到 Linux 内核项目中作为一种可选的开发语言还需要解决的一些问题。其中 in-tree 是 Linux 术语，意思是与内核源代码树本身一起存储并与之一起构建内核模块。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"与会者强调，他们并不是提议将 Linux 内核重写成 Rust，只是关注于走向一个可以用 Rust 编写新代码的世界。本次讨论集中在 Rust 支持的三个潜在关注点上："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对现有 C API 的绑定（Binding to existing C APIs）；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"架构支持（Architecture support）；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"关于 Rust 和 C 之间 ABI 与内核的兼容性（ABI compatibility with the kernel）。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"对此，Linux 之父 Linus Torvalds 也曾发表看法：Linux 最终不会用 Rust 编写，没有人会用 Rust 重写内核的 2500 万行 C，但是他也看到了 Rust 的优势，鼓励采用缓慢但稳定的方法将 Rust 引入 Linux，同时他表示将 Rust 接口用于驱动程序和其他非核心内核程序是有道理的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外，Ojeda还在邮件中透漏继 ARM、谷歌和微软之后，红帽方面也表达了他们对该项目的支持意向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关于 Rust"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#202122","name":"user"}}],"text":"Rust 最初是由 Mozilla 研究院的 Graydon Hoare 设计创造，然后在 Dave Herman, Brendan Eich 以及很多其他人的贡献下逐步完善。自 2016 年以来，Rust 每年都在 Stack Overflow 开发者调查中被评为“最受欢迎的编程语言” 。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#202122","name":"user"}}],"text":"为什么 Rust 如此受欢迎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Rust 致力于成为优雅解决高并发和高安全性系统问题的编程语言，适用于大型场景，即创造维护能够保持大型系统完整的边界。这就导致了它强调安全，内存布局控制和并发的特点。标准Rust性能与标准C++性能不相上下。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 基金会成立"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年二月份，Rust 基金会"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/fLSfcs25IQBSAKFKh9zH","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"宣布"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"正式成立。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Rust 基金会是一个新的独立的非盈利组织，负责管理 Rust 编程语言及生态。该组织将致力于为那些管理和开发该项目的维护者提供支持。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Rust 基金会由 AWS、华为、谷歌、微软和 Mozilla 联合成立，并承诺在两年的时间里，投入 100 万美元的预算，用于 Rust 项目的开发、维护和推广。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Rust 基金会临时执行董事，核心团队成员 Ashley Williams 当时表示，“这标志着 Rust 在多维度上都迈出了一大步，更重要的是，一些全球行业领先的公司做出了正式的财务上的预判：Rust 将是未来企业生产中不可缺少的技术。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 审查团队辞职风波"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"前不久，Rust 编程语言的审核团队（Mod 团队）在 GitHub 上发表了一封辞职声明，并宣布即刻生效，根据公告，该团队辞职是为了抗议 Rust 核心团队（Core team）：“除了自己，他们不受任何人的监督和约束。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根据 Matthieu M 在 Reddit 上的表述，导致 Mod 团队直接辞职的原因是其与 Rust 核心团队数月来一直不断恶化的矛盾。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此次离职风波发生后，Rust HQ 发布了一份"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/11\/23\/rust_moderation_team_quits\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"声明"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"："}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rust 基金会致力于支持该项目。我们尊重项目团队的独立性和任何决定，我们知道今天所做的变化。我们希望项目和语言蓬勃发展，并将继续努力实现这一愿景。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"延伸阅读："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/798bgzaO1ujBgzQsAGHC","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/798bgzaO1ujBgzQsAGHC"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小结"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Ojeda 曾在今年夏天表示，“"},{"type":"text","text":"当前项目还尚未完成，若高级维护人员接受当前的更改并希望切换到内核中工作，我们就准备好进入主线。 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在本次邮件中，Ojeda 还承诺开始“每两周左右”提交内核补丁，以加快进度，目前工作进展顺利，希望在 2022 年的某个时候看到 Linux 内核中的第一个 Rust 代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"具体何时实现？我们也将持续关注此事进展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"参考链接："},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/rust-takes-a-major-step-forward-as-linuxs-second-official-language\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/rust-takes-a-major-step-forward-as-linuxs-second-official-language\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/12\/07\/rusty_linux_kernel_draws_closer\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/12\/07\/rusty_linux_kernel_draws_closer\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}