CentOS Oracle 報 Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined 錯誤的解決辦法

    今天在 CentOS 上安裝完 Oracle 後，通過命令 “emctl start dbconsole” 啓動管理控制檯時，報了 “Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined” 的錯誤。問題原因是因爲 Oracle 總是獲取不到正確的 IP 地址（安裝 Oracle 時獲取的 IP 地址就是錯誤的），導致 em 出現問題，只需重新配置 emca 即可。折騰了好久，最後終於把問題給解決了。

環境描述

操作系統： CentOS 6.5
IP：         192.168.132.41
域：         mycompany.com.cn
主機名： hemw-pc
Oracle：11gR2，安裝目錄爲 /opt/oracle/11g

問題分析

    剛開始按照網上的解決方案使用命令“emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create” 重新創建 em，輸入完對應的信息時，到最後確認時獲取到的 IP 地址總是不正確（Local hostname 應該是 192.168.132.41 纔對）：

-----------------------------------------------------------------

You have specified the following settings

Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/11g

Local hostname ................ 192.168.64.61
Listener ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/11g
Listener port number ................ 1521
Database SID ................ orcl
Email address for notifications ............... 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ............... 

-----------------------------------------------------------------

因爲獲取到的 hostname 值不正確，導致一直無法創建成功，提示如下錯誤

Could not complete the configuration. Refer to the log file at /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_2015_03_10_17_19_30.log for more details.

解決方案

    經過各種嘗試和折騰後，最終還是把問題給搞定了，步驟如下：

1. 停止監聽器

$ lsnrctl stop

2. 停止 oracle 數據庫

$ sqlplus "sys / as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 10 17:16:45 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: 

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown

3. 修改 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora，將文件內容中 HOST 的值改爲正確的 IP（192.168.132.41），如：

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.132.41)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

4. 修改 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora，將文件內容中 HOST 的值改爲正確的 IP（192.168.132.41），如：

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.132.41)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

5. 修改 /etc/sysconfig/network，將文件內容改爲：

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=hemw-pc

因爲修改完這個文件後需要重啓操作系統纔會生效，所以在不重啓操作系統的情況下需要同時執行一下：# hostname hemw-pc

6. 修改 /etc/hosts，在文件的最後新增如下內容：

192.168.132.41 hemw-pc hemw-pc.mycompany.com.cn

7. 啓動數據庫

SQL> startup

8. 啓動監聽

$ lsnrctl start

9. 刪除早期DBCONSOLE創建的用戶：

sql>drop role MGMT_USER;
sql>drop user MGMT_VIEW cascade;
sql>drop user sysman cascade;

10. 刪除早期DBCONSOLE創建的對象：

sql>drop PUBLIC SYNONYM MGMT_TARGET_BLACKOUTS;
sql>drop public synonym SETEMVIEWUSERCONTEXT;

11. 重新創建DBCONSOLE：（如果是在windows下，要先到註冊表刪除DBCONSOLE的服務，重啓電腦）

$emca -config dbcontrol db -repos create

    如果提示創建失敗，輸出類似 “Could not complete the configuration. Refer to the log file at /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/orcl/emca_*.log for more details.” 的錯誤信息，請查看對應的日誌文件， 日誌文件的最後一行內容如果是 “ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object”，如：

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM MGMT_AVAILABILITY FOR MGMT_AVAILABILITY
                      *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

則需要執行一次重建的命令：

$emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate

    在執行上面命令的過程中需要根據提示輸入對應的數據庫信息及 SYS、DBSNMP 和 SYSMAN 的登錄密碼，最後輸入 Y 進行確認，如：

STARTED EMCA at Mar 10, 2015 10:03:17 PM
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter the following information:
Database SID: orcl
Listener port number: 1521
Listener ORACLE_HOME [ /opt/oracle/11g ]: 
Password for SYS user:  
Password for DBSNMP user:  
Password for SYSMAN user:  
Email address for notifications (optional): 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional):

12. 檢查 em 的狀態

$ emctl status dbconsole

Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
https://hemw-pc:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running. 
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /opt/oracle/11g/hemw-pc_orcl/sysman/log

至此，問題已經解決完畢。

附：emca 常用命令

創建一個 em 資料庫：emca -repos create 
重建一個 em 資料庫：emca -repos recreate 
刪除一個 em 資料庫：emca -repos drop
 
配置數據庫的 Database Control：emca -config dbcontrol db 
刪除數據庫的 Database Control配置：emca -deconfig dbcontrol db
 
重新配置db control的端口，默認端口在1158
emca -reconfig ports
emca -reconfig ports -dbcontrol_http_port 1160
emca -reconfig ports -agent_port 3940
 
先設置 ORACLE_SID 環境變量後,啓動 em console服務：emctl start dbconsole
先設置 ORACLE_SID 環境變量後,停止em console服務：emctl stop dbconsole
先設置 ORACLE_SID 環境變量後,查看 em console服務的狀態：emctl status dbconsole
  
配置 dbconsole 的步驟
emca -repos create
emca -config dbcontrol db
emctl start dbconsole
 
重新配置 dbconsole 的步驟
emca -repos drop
emca -repos create
emca -config dbcontrol db

emctl start dbconsole

參考資料：
http://soulful.blog.51cto.com/468033/449934
http://czhwin.iteye.com/blog/1847366