Spring Mvc 是什麼?
Spring web mvc和Struts2都屬於表現層的框架,它是Spring框架的一部分,我們可以從Spring的整體結構中看得出來,如下圖:
Spring Mvc 處理流程
先說一下大致的流程
1 首先,用戶發送一個請求,請求由前端控制器接受,前端控制器本身不處理請求,他只負責接受與傳遞,
2 前端控制器將請求傳遞給對應的處理器,處理器處理此請求,
3 處理器處理請求完成之後,返回給控制器
4 但是呢,此時處理出來的數據沒有進過包裝,用戶肯定看不懂,所以將數據交由jsp頁面處理 ,jsp雖然叫頁面但是並不會把jsp交給用戶, jsp其實就是一個servlet(程序)他將數據在處理一下(比如說:此時的數據是一個list 集合 ,jsp將他遍歷出來,嵌到html中,此時一個用戶可以看懂的頁面就完成了)然後在返回給控制器
5 控制器拿到html頁面返回給用戶
下面展示如何搭鍵一個SpringMvc的項目
需求:查詢商品信息
new Project
導包
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.mchange/c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
前端控制器的配置(WEB.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<!-- 配置Spring Mvc前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 指定SpringMvc配置文件
如果沒有配置那麼默認找/WEB-INF/[servlet的名稱]-servlet.xml
(即:classpath:[servlet的名稱]-servlet.xml)
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:SpringMvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!-- 映射 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 攔截規則:(適用於SpringMvc)
1. /* 攔截所有 包括jsp js png css
2. *.action *.do 攔截以do action 結尾的請求
3. / 攔截所有(不包括jsp) (包含js png css)
-->
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
SpringMvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 註解掃描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.Google.controller" />
</beans>
bean
package com.Google.bean;
import java.util.Date;
public class Items {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float price;
private String pic;
private Date createtime;
private String detail;
/**
* @param i
* @param string
* @param j
* @param date
* @param string2
*/
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public Items(Integer id, String name, Float price, Date createtime, String detail) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.createtime = createtime;
this.detail = detail;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name == null ? null : name.trim();
}
public Float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getPic() {
return pic;
}
public void setPic(String pic) {
this.pic = pic == null ? null : pic.trim();
}
public Date getCreatetime() {
return createtime;
}
public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
this.createtime = createtime;
}
public String getDetail() {
return detail;
}
public void setDetail(String detail) {
this.detail = detail == null ? null : detail.trim();
}
}
controller
/**
*
*/
package com.Google.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.Google.bean.Items;
/**
* 商品管理
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Controller
public class ItemController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/item/itemlist.action")
public ModelAndView itemlist ()
{
List<Items> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Items(1, "1iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!1"));
list.add(new Items(2, "2iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!2"));
list.add(new Items(3, "3iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!3"));
list.add(new Items(4, "4iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!4"));
list.add(new Items(5, "5iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!5"));
list.add(new Items(6, "6iphone8", (float) 2399, new Date(), "質量好!6"));
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView() ;
// 傳遞一個bean過去,bean中封裝數據
mav.addObject("itemList" , list) ;
// 設置視圖
mav.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp");
return mav ;
}
}
jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>查詢商品列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/item/queryitem.action" method="post">
查詢條件:
<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="查詢"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
商品列表:
<table width="100%" border=1>
<tr>
<td>商品名稱</td>
<td>商品價格</td>
<td>生產日期</td>
<td>商品描述</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${itemList }" var="item">
<tr>
<td>${item.name }</td>
<td>${item.price }</td>
<td><fmt:formatDate value="${item.createtime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/></td>
<td>${item.detail }</td>
<td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/itemEdit.action?id=${item.id}">修改</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>