WINDOWS核心編程之進程(一)

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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>2004年7月14日&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 晚20:10</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>從今天開始說說進程</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">進程通常被定義爲一人正在運行的程序的實例，它由兩個部分組成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>:</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一個是操作系統用來管理進程的內核對象，內核對象也是系統用來存放關於進程的統計信息的地方。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另一個是地址空間，它包含所有可執行模塊或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>DLL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模塊的代碼和數據。它還包含動態內存分配的空間。如線程堆棧和堆分配空間。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要使進程完成某項操作，它必須要有一個自已的線程，來執行包含在此進程的地址空間中的代碼。每個線程都有它自已的一組</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>CPU</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寄存器和它自已的堆棧。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多個線程是如何運行的呢，操作系統爲每個線程安排一定的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>CPU,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通過一種循環方式爲線程式提供時間片</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">稱爲量稱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>)</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN>Windows</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">支持兩種類型的應用程序。一種是基於圖形用戶界面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>(GUI)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的應用程序，另一種是基於控制檯用戶界面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>(CUI)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的應用程序。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>vc</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">設置裏的鏈接程序根據</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN> /SUBSYSTEM:CONDOLE</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">還是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">當用戶運行一個應用程序時，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>os</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的加載程序查看可執行圖形程序的標題，並抓取該子系統的值，如果該值指明一個</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>CUI</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">應用程序，那麼加載程序就會自動保證爲該應用程序創建文本控制檯窗口。反之加載應用程序，當應用程序啓動運行後，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>os</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就不再關心應用程序擁有什麼類型的用戶界面了。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN>Windows</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供的四個應用程序啓動運行時調用的進入點函數</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><FONT size=4>Int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstExe, HINSTANCE, PSTR pszCmdLine, int nCmdShow);</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN>//</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二個參數表示前一個實例句柄</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它是用在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>windows</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上的</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><FONT size=4>Int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hinstExe, HINSTANCE, PWSTR nszCmdLine, int nCmdShow);l</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><FONT size=4>Int _cdecl main(int argc, char *agrv[], char *envp[]);</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><FONT size=4>Int _cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[], wchar_t *envp[]);</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注意：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>os</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">並不調用我們編寫的進入點函數，它是調用的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>c/c++</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期啓動函數。該</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函數負責對</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>c/c++</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期庫進行初始化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>, </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">這樣，就可以調用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>malloc</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>free</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之類的函數。它還能確保已經聲名的任何全局對象和靜態</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>c++</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#ff0000>對象能夠在代碼執行之前正確的創建</FONT>。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 178.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 17.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">應用程序的進入點</SPAN></P></SPAN><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p>&nbsp;應用程序類型&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;進入點&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嵌入可執行文件的啓動函數</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p>需要ASCI字符和字符串的GUI應用程序&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WinMain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WinMainCRTStartup</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p>需要UNICODE字符和字符串的GUI應用程序&nbsp;&nbsp;wWinMain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wWinMainCRTStartup</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><SPAN lang=EN><o:p>需要ASCI字符和字符串的CUI應用程序&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;main&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mainCRTStartup</o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><SPAN lang=EN><o:p>需要UNICODE字符和字符串的CUI應用程序&nbsp;wmain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wmainCRTStartup</o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><SPAN lang=EN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>c/c++</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期啓動函數的作用都是相同的，只不過處理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>ANSI</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符串還是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>Unicode</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符串，以及它們在對</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN>C</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期庫進行初始化後它們調用哪個進入點函數。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期庫的源代碼在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">CRt0.c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件裏</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其主要功能如下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">檢索指向新進程的完整命令行的指針</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">檢索指向新進程的環境變量的指針。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">對</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">c/c++</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期的全局變量進行初始化。如果包含了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">StdLib.h</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件，代碼就能訪問這些變量了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">(WinMain</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等那四個函數</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">對</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">C</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期內存單元分配函數</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">(malloc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">calloc)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和其它低層輸入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">輸出例程使用的內存棧進行初始化。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">爲所有全局和靜態</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">c++</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">類對象調用構造函數。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">完成以上的功能後，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">c/c++</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">啓動函數就調用應用程序的進入點函數。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">進入函數返回時</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">啓動函數便調用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">c</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">運行期的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">exit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函數，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">exit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函數負責如下的操作</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">調用由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">_onexit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函數的調用而註冊的任何函數</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">爲所有全局的和靜態的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">c++</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">類對象調用析構函數。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT color=#ff1493><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">調用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">OS</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">ExitProcess</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">函數</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN><FONT face="Times New Roman">.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4></FONT>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=4>待續.............</FONT></SPAN></P>