AngularJs教程-快速入門

AngularJs開發應用

主要介紹AngularJs的特性、應用骨架、應用剖析、與服務器的交互、及簡單的Demo

關於AngularJs

AngularJS是一款來自Google的前端JS框架。簡稱其爲 ng 。這款框架最核心特性有:MVC、模塊化、自動化雙向數據綁定、語義化標籤、依賴注入,等等。

AngularJS框架通過TDD(測試驅動)的方式開發的,從這個角度看,AngularJS是敏捷開發的一次成功實踐。

使用了指令的概念,AngularJS對DOM操作進行了徹底的封裝。

AngularJS框架是完全免費開源的。

關於 ng 的幾點:

  • 對 IE 方面,它兼容 IE8 及以上的版本。
  • 與 jQuery 集成工作,它的一些對象與 jQuery 相關對象表現是一致的。
  • 使用 ng 時不要冒然去改變相關 DOM 的結構

HelloWorld

第一個Demo,HelloDynamic.html

<html ng-app>
<head>
  <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  <script src="controllers.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div ng-controller='HelloController'>
    <input ng-model='greeting.text'>
    <p>{{greeting.text}}, World</p>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

controllers.js

function HelloController($scope) {
  $scope.greeting = { text: 'Hello' };
}

這裏寫圖片描述

數據綁定

我們沒有在輸入框中註冊任何change事件監聽器就可以讓UI自動刷新,AngularJs會自動把輸入框和花括號中的文本更新爲所獲得值。

依賴注入

function HelloController($scope) {
  $scope.greeting = { text: 'Hello' };
}

scope scope對象 放在HelloController的構造函數裏面,然後就可以獲取它了。

當然scope使 location,只要把$location對象放在我們的構造函數中即可。

這種神奇的效果是通過Angular的依賴注入機制實現的。

指令

我們在模板中看到一些新的屬性,這些屬性不屬於HTML規範。我們引進了花括號用來實現數據的綁定;引入了ng-controller用來指定每個控制器負責監視視圖的哪個部分;引入了ng-model,用來把輸入數據綁定到模型中的以部門屬性上。我們把這些叫做HTML擴展命令。

<html ng-app>
<head>
  <title>Your Shopping Cart</title>
</head>
<body ng-controller='CartController'>
<h1>Your Shopping Cart</h1>
<div ng-repeat='item in items'>
  <span>{{item.title}}</span>
  <input ng-model='item.quantity'>
  <span>{{item.price | currency}}</span>
  <span>{{item.price * item.quantity | currency}}</span>
  <button ng-click="remove($index)">Remove</button>
</div>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function CartController($scope) {
    $scope.items = [
      {title: 'Paint pots', quantity: 8, price: 3.95},
      {title: 'Polka dots', quantity: 17, price: 12.95},
      {title: 'Pebbles', quantity: 5, price: 6.95}
    ];

    $scope.remove = function(index) {
      $scope.items.splice(index, 1);
    };
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

這裏寫圖片描述

<html ng-app>

ng-app 屬性用來告訴Angular頁面中的哪一個部分需要接受它的管理。放在html標籤中,說明它管理整個頁面。

<body ng-controller='CartController'>

使用一個叫做控制器的JavaScript類來管理頁面中的區域。在body標籤中引入一個控制器,就是在聲明CartController將會管理介於和之間的所有內容。

<div ng-repeat='item in items'>

ng-repeat的意思是,對於items數據中的每一個元素,都把

中的DOM結構複製一份(包含div本身)。對於div的每一分拷貝,都會把一個叫做item的屬性設置給它,這樣我們就可以在模板中使用這份拷貝的元素了。如你所見,這樣一來就會產生3份

<span>{{item.title}}</span>

{{item.title}}將會獲取循環中當前item,然後把這個item的title屬性值插入到DOM中。

<input ng-model='item.quantity'>

定義ng-model將會在輸入框和item.quantity的值之間創建數據的綁定關係。

<span>{{item.price | currency}}</span>

單價或者總價都有美元的格式顯示。Angular帶有一種2叫做過濾器(filter)的特性,我們可以用它來轉換文本的格式,有一個內置過濾器叫做currency(貨幣),來顯示美元格式化。

<button ng-click="remove($index)">Remove</button>

這個按鈕可以讓用戶刪除購物車中的項目,$index代表過程中的循環計數,這樣就可以知道要刪除哪條記錄了。

<html ng-app='myApp'>
<body ng-controller='TextController'>
<p>{{someText.message}}</p>

<script
    src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js">
</script>

<script>
  var myAppModule = angular.module('myApp', []);

  myAppModule.controller('TextController',
      function($scope) {
        var someText = {};
        someText.message = 'You have started your journey.';
        $scope.someText = someText;
      });
</script>
</body>
</html>

我們把ng-app設置成模塊名稱myApp,然後調用Angular對象創建一個名爲myApp的模塊,並且把控制器函數傳遞給myApp模塊的controller函數。

流程

  1. 用戶請求應用起始頁
  2. 用戶的瀏覽器向服務器發起一次HTTP連接,然後加載index.html頁面,這個頁面裏面包含模板。
  3. Angular被加載到頁面中,等待頁面加載完成,然後查找ng-app指令,用來定義模板邊界。
  4. Angular遍歷模板,查找指令和綁定關係,這將啓動一些列的動作:註冊監聽器、執行一些DOM操作、從服務器獲取初始化數據。這項工作的結果是,應用將會啓動起來,並且模板被轉換成DOM視圖。
  5. 連接到服務器去加載需要展示給用戶的其他數據。

ng-change

數據變化觸發事件
這裏寫圖片描述

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app>
  <head>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form ng-controller="StartUpController">
      Starting: <input ng-change="computeNeeded()"
                       ng-model="funding.startingEstimate">
      Recommendation: {{funding.needed}}
    </form>
    <script>
      function StartUpController($scope) {
        $scope.funding = { startingEstimate: 0 };

        $scope.computeNeeded = function() {
          $scope.funding.needed = $scope.funding.startingEstimate * 10;
        };
      }
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

$watch

不管他是通過何種途徑進行刷新的,我們需要使用scope watch函數。

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app>
  <head>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form ng-controller="StartUpController">
      Starting: <input ng-model="funding.startingEstimate">
      Recommendation: {{funding.needed}}
    </form>
    <script>
      function StartUpController($scope) {
        $scope.funding = { startingEstimate: 0 };

        computeNeeded = function() {
          $scope.funding.needed = $scope.funding.startingEstimate * 10;
        };

        $scope.$watch('funding.startingEstimate', computeNeeded);
      }
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

監控多個東西

$scope.$watch('things.a+things.b',callMe(...));

當然a和b也可以屬於不同的對象,只要需要,這個列表可以無限長。

需要監控things對象上的所有屬性,可以這樣做:

$scope.$watch('things',callMe(...),true);

true屬性是請求Angular遍歷things的屬性,當其中任何一個屬性發生變化時就會觸發callMe事件。

使用Moudle模塊組織依賴關係

<!doctype html>
<html lang='en' ng-app='ShoppingModule'>
  <head>
    <title>Shopping Cart</title>
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
    <link href="bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
  </head>

  <body ng-controller="ShoppingController">
    <h1>Shop!</h1>
    <table>
      <tr ng-repeat="item in items">
        <td>{{item.title}}</td>
        <td>{{item.description}}</td>
        <td>{{item.price | currency}}</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <script>
      function ShoppingController($scope, Items) {
        $scope.items = Items.query();
      }

      var shoppingModule = angular.module('ShoppingModule', []);

      // Set up the service factory to create our Items interface to the
      // server-side database
      shoppingModule.factory('Items', function() {
        var items = {};
        items.query = function() {
          // In real apps, we'd pull this data from the server...
          return [
            {title: 'Paint pots', description: 'Pots full of paint', price: 3.95},
            {title: 'Polka dots', description: 'Dots with polka', price: 2.95},
            {title: 'Pebbles', description: 'Just little rocks', price: 6.95}
          ];
        };
        return items;
      });
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

這裏寫圖片描述

利用模塊和模塊內置的依賴注入功能,我們可以把控制器寫的更加的簡單:

function ShoppingController($scope, Items) {//倆個參數是無序的
        $scope.items = Items.query();
}

Items已定義爲一個服務,定義的方式有三種:
1. provider(name,Object OR constructor()),一個可配置的服務,創建的邏輯比較複雜。如果你傳遞了一個Object做爲參數,那麼這個Object必須帶有一個名爲getAngular調2.factory(name, getFunction()),一個不可配置的服務,創建邏輯比較複雜。你需要指定一個函數,當調用這個函數的時候,會返回服務的實例。你可以把它看成provider(name,{$getFunction()})的形式。
3. service(name,constructor()),一個不可配置的服務,創建邏輯比較簡單。與上面的provider函數的constructor參數類似,Angular調用它可以創建服務實例。

使用過濾器格式化數據

語法:{{expression | filterName:parameter1: …parameterN}}

表達式可以是任意的Angular表達式,filterName是你需要使用的過濾器的名稱,過濾器的多個參數之間用冒號分隔。

{{10.1 | currency}}對應$10.10

Angular內置的過濾器還有date , number ,uppercase

{{10.1 | currency | number : 0}}對應顯示$10

不必受限於內置的過來器,可以自定義過濾器,標題文字首字母大寫

<!doctype html>
<html lang='en' >
  <head>
    <title>TitleCaps</title>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body ng-app='HomeModule' ng-controller="HomeController">
   <h1>{{pageHeading | titleCase}}</h1>

  <script>
    function HomeController($scope) {
      $scope.pageHeading = 'behold the majesty of your page title';
    }

    var homeModule = angular.module('HomeModule', []);
    homeModule.filter('titleCase', function() {
      var titleCaseFilter = function(input) {
        var words = input.split(' ');
        for (var i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
          words[i] = words[i].charAt(0).toUpperCase() + words[i].slice(1);
        }
        return words.join(' ');
      };
      return titleCaseFilter;
    });
  </script>
  </body>
</html>

這裏寫圖片描述

使用路由和$location切換視圖

$routeProvider

index.html

<!doctype html>
<html ng-app="AMail">
  <head>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script src='controllers.js'></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>A-Mail</h1>
    <div ng-view></div>
  </body>
</html>

我們僅僅把標題放在裏面,然後在用ng-view指令來告訴Angular把視圖顯示在這兒。
list.html

<table>
  <tr>
    <td><strong>Sender</strong></td>
    <td><strong>Subject</strong></td>
    <td><strong>Date</strong></td>
  </tr>
  <tr ng-repeat='message in messages'>
    <td>{{message.sender}}</td>
    <td><a ng-href='#/view/{{message.id}}'>{{message.subject}}</a></td>
    <td>{{message.date}}</td>
  </tr>
</table>

由於所有視圖模板都會被插入到剛纔所創建的外殼中,所以可以把它們都編成HTML文檔片段。用ng-repeat指令來遍歷郵件列表,然後把它們渲染到table中。

我們想實現用戶點擊一個主題就能被導航到相應的郵件中。我們在URL和message.id之間進行了數據綁定,所以用戶點擊id=1的郵件就會被導航到/#/view/1。這種根據URL導航的方式叫做深度鏈接。
detail.html

<div><strong>Subject:</strong> {{message.subject}}</div>
<div><strong>Sender:</strong> {{message.sender}}</div>
<div><strong>Date:</strong> {{message.date}}</div>
<div>
  <strong>To:</strong>
  <span ng-repeat='recipient in message.recipients'>{{recipient}} </span>
</div>
<div>{{message.message}}</div>
<a href='#/'>Back to message list</a>

爲了把這些模板關聯到對應的控制器上,我們將會給routeProviderURL routeProvider將會負責調用控制器和模板。

controllers.js

// Create a module for our core AMail services
var aMailServices = angular.module('AMail', []);

// Set up our mappings between URLs, templates, and controllers
function emailRouteConfig($routeProvider) {
  $routeProvider.
    when('/', {
      controller: ListController,
      templateUrl: 'list.html'
    }).
// Notice that for the detail view, we specify a parameterized URL component
// by placing a colon in front of the id
    when('/view/:id', {
      controller: DetailController,
      templateUrl: 'detail.html'
    }).
    otherwise({
      redirectTo: '/'
    });
}

// Set up our route so the AMail service can find it
aMailServices.config(emailRouteConfig);

// Some fake emails
messages = [{
  id: 0, sender: '[email protected]', subject: 'Hi there, old friend',
  date: 'Dec 7, 2013 12:32:00', recipients: ['[email protected]'],
  message: 'Hey, we should get together for lunch sometime and catch up.'
    +'There are many things we should collaborate on this year.'
}, {
  id: 1,  sender: '[email protected]',
  subject: 'Where did you leave my laptop?',
  date: 'Dec 7, 2013 8:15:12', recipients: ['[email protected]'],
  message: 'I thought you were going to put it in my desk drawer.'
    +'But it does not seem to be there.'
}, {
  id: 2, sender: '[email protected]', subject: 'Lost python',
  date: 'Dec 6, 2013 20:35:02', recipients: ['[email protected]'],
  message: 'Nobody panic, but my pet python is missing from her cage.'
    +'She doesn\'t move too fast, so just call me if you see her.'
} ];

// Publish our messages for the list template
function ListController($scope) {
  $scope.messages = messages;
}

// Get the message id from the route (parsed from the URL) and use it to
// find the right message object.
function DetailController($scope, $routeParams) {
  $scope.message = messages[$routeParams.id];
}

與服務器交互

Angular提供$http服務,使得與服務器的交互更加容易。待詳解。

<!doctype html>
<html lang='en' ng-app>
  <head>
    <title>Shopping Cart</title>
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body ng-controller="ShoppingController">
    <h1>Shop!</h1>
    <table>
      <tr ng-repeat="item in items">
        <td>{{item.title}}</td>
        <td>{{item.description}}</td>
        <td>{{item.price | currency}}</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <script>
      function ShoppingController($scope, $http) {
        $http.get('/products').success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
          $scope.items = data;
        });
      }
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

使用指令修改DOM

<!doctype html>
<html lang='en' ng-app='app'>
  <head>
    <title>Get focused</title>
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body ng-controller="SomeController">
    <button ng-click="clickUnfocused()">
      Not focused
    </button>
    <button ngbk-focus ng-click="clickFocused()">
      I'm very focused!
    </button>
    <div>{{message.text}}</div>
    <script>
      function SomeController($scope) {
        $scope.message = { text: 'nothing clicked yet' };

        $scope.clickUnfocused = function() {
          $scope.message.text = 'unfocused button clicked';
        };

        $scope.clickFocused = function() {
          $scope.message.text = 'focus button clicked';
        };
      }

      var appModule = angular.module('app', []);

      appModule.directive('ngbkFocus', function() {
        return {
          link: function(scope, element, attrs, controller) {
            element[0].focus();
          }
        };
      });
    </script>
  </body>
</html> 

這裏寫圖片描述

你會看到焦點在第二個按鈕上面。

校驗用戶輸入

Angular爲表單添加了一些很好用的特性

<!doctype html>
<html lang='en' ng-app>
  <head>
    <title>Validate me!</title>
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
    <style type="text/css">
    .ng-invalid {
      border-color: red;
    }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <h1>Sign Up</h1>
    <form name='addUserForm' ng-controller="AddUserController">
      <div ng-show='message'>{{message}}</div>
      <div>First name: <input name='firstName' ng-model='user.first' required></div>
      <div>Last name: <input ng-model='user.last' required></div>
      <div>Email: <input type='email' ng-model='user.email' required></div>
      <div>Age: <input type='number'
                       ng-model='user.age'
                       ng-maxlength='3'
                       ng-min='1'></div>
      <div><button ng-click='addUser()'
                   ng-disabled='!addUserForm.$valid'>Submit</button></div>
    </form>
  <script>
    function AddUserController($scope) {
      $scope.message = '';

      $scope.addUser = function () {
        // TODO for the reader: actually save user to database...
        $scope.message = 'Thanks, ' + $scope.user.first + ', we added you!';
      };
    }
  </script>
  </body>
</html>

這裏寫圖片描述

我們可以通過$valid屬性獲取表單的校驗狀態。配合ng-disabled,表單沒有輸入完成時禁用submit按鈕。

SpringMVC AngularJs 交互

angularjs.jsp


<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: fanchengwei
  Date: 2016/9/29
  Time: 下午2:10
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html ng-app="myApp">
<!--
    ng-app用來告訴Angular頁面中的哪部門需要接受它的管理
-->
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Teams List App</title>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.8/angular.min.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/2.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/2.1.1/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <script src="webpage/com/kd/business/angularjs/services.js"></script>
    <script src="webpage/com/kd/business/angularjs/app.js"></script>

</head>

<body>
<div class="row-fluid">
    <div class="span3" ng-controller="FilterCtrl">
        <form class="form-horizontal">

            <div class="controls-row">
                <label for="searchTextBox" class="control-label">Search:</label>
                <div class="controls">
                    <input type="text" id="searchTextBox" ng-model="filterService.searchText">
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="controls-row">
                <label for="sportComboBox" class="control-label">Sport:</label>
                <div class="controls">
                    <select id="sportComboBox" ng-model="filterService.activeFilters.sport">
                        <option ng-repeat="sport in ['Basketball', 'Hockey', 'Football']">{{sport}}</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="controls-row">
                <label for="cityComboBox" class="control-label">City:</label>
                <div class="controls">
                    <select id="cityComboBox" ng-model="filterService.activeFilters.city">
                        <option ng-repeat="city in ['Dallas', 'Los Angeles', 'Boston', 'New York']">{{city}}</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="controls-row">
                <label class="control-label">Featured:</label>
                <div class="controls">
                    <input type="checkbox" ng-model="filterService.activeFilters.featured" ng-false-value="" />
                </div>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
    <div class="offset1 span8" ng-controller="ListCtrl">
        <table  border="1">
            <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>key_p</th>
                <th>position</th>
                <th>responsible_person</th>
            </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody id="teamListTable">
            <tr ng-repeat="team in teamsList | filter:filterService.activeFilters | filter:filterService.searchText">
                <td>{{team.key_p}}</td>
                <td>{{team.position}}</td>
                <td>{{team.responsible_person}}</td>
            </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

app.js

var app = angular.module('myApp', ['myApp.services']);

app.controller('ListCtrl', function ($scope, $http, filterService) {
    $scope.filterService = filterService;

    var url = "angularJsController.do?query";


    $http({method: 'GET', url: url}).success(function (list, status, headers, config) {
        $scope.teamsList = list;
    }).error(function (list, status, headers, config) {
        console.log("error");
    });
});

app.controller('FilterCtrl', function ($scope, filterService) {
    $scope.filterService = filterService;
});

services.js

angular.module('myApp.services', []).
  factory('filterService', function() {
    return {
      activeFilters: {},
      searchText: ''
    };
});

AngularJsController.java

package com.kd.business.angularjs;

import com.kd.business.smart_socket.service.ZzSmartsocketServiceI;
import com.kd.platform.web.system.service.SystemService;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.T;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * AngularJsController
 *
 * @author Frey Fan
 * @date 2016/9/29
 * 測試類AngularJs
 */
@Scope("prototype")
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/angularJsController")
public class AngularJsController {

    @Autowired
    private ZzSmartsocketServiceI zzSmartsocketService;

    @Autowired
    private SystemService systemService;

    @RequestMapping(params={"init"})
    public ModelAndView init(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        return new ModelAndView("com/kd/business/angularjs/angularjs");
    }

    @RequestMapping(params = {"query"})
    public ResponseEntity<List<Map<String, Object>>> query(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){

        List list = systemService.findForJdbc("select key_p ,position,responsible_person from zz_smartsocket",null);

        return new ResponseEntity<List<Map<String, Object>>>(list, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章