背景

最近使用GSoap開發了一套基於WebService接口的服務，Java與.Net本身的framework已經集成了WebService的訪問組件，C與C++也可以通過GSoap生成客戶端代理來訪問服務，但是Python本身並沒集成WebService的toolkit，下面就Python訪問WebService的方法進行介紹。

環境準備

1. 如果python沒有安裝過setuptool，則需要先下載安裝setuptool：

windows下可以從 http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.win32-py2.6.exe 獲取安裝包進行安裝；

linux下可以從http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz下載tar包進行源碼安裝：

tar zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
cd setuptools-0.6c11
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

如果是ubuntu或者redhat等系統，也可以使用apt或者rpm方式安裝，這裏不過多說明，安裝過程中可能需要root權限。

2. 檢查python中是否安裝了suds，在python（version 2.6）交互模式下調用：

>>> from suds.client import Client
如果顯示“No module named **”，則表名沒有安裝過suds，可以從https://fedorahosted.org/suds/ 獲取源碼包或者rpm包進行安裝，下面介紹一下源碼包安裝的方法：

tar zxf python-suds-0.4.tar.gz
cd python-suds-0.4
python setup.py install

同樣的，如果python安裝在系統目錄下，則可能需要root權限。

WebService接口

我本次開發的是一個類似於監控系統，在局域網中有多臺主機上安裝了probe agent，它們負責收集與回傳數據，有一臺總控的monitor server，它負責接收用戶的Web Service請求，根據請求選擇一臺或多臺probe agent，讓其定時收集指定的數據，如cpu空閒率等。monitor server的接口比較簡單，主要就是 StartTask，StopTask與DeleteTask，它的WSDL定義如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<definitions name="MonitorServer"
 targetNamespace="http://www.baidu.com/dsqa/webservices/"
 xmlns:tns="http://www.baidu.com/dsqa/webservices/"
 xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
 xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
 xmlns:ns="http://www.myserver.com/webservices/"
 xmlns:SOAP="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
 xmlns:MIME="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/"
 xmlns:DIME="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2002/04/dime/wsdl/"
 xmlns:WSDL="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
 xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">

<types>

 <schema targetNamespace="http://www.baidu.com/dsqa/webservices/"
  xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
  xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:ns="http://www.myserver.com/webservices/"
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  elementFormDefault="unqualified"
  attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
  <import namespace="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"/>
  <complexType name="HostEntry"><!-- ns__HostEntry -->

   <sequence>
     <element name="Endpoint" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__HostEntry::Endpoint -->
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="MonitorEntry"><!-- ns__MonitorEntry -->

   <sequence>
     <element name="Name" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Name -->
     <element name="Description" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default=""/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Description -->
     <element name="ValueType" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::ValueType -->
     <element name="Interval" type="xsd:unsignedInt" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Interval -->
     <element name="Extra" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default=""/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Extra -->
     <element name="Consolidate" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default="0"/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Consolidate -->
     <element name="Hosts" type="xsd:unsignedLong" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><!-- ns__MonitorEntry::Hosts -->
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="HostArray"><!-- ns__HostArray -->

   <sequence>
    <element name="Items" type="ns:HostEntry" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" nillable="true"/>
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="MonitorArray"><!-- ns__MonitorArray -->

   <sequence>
    <element name="Items" type="ns:MonitorEntry" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" nillable="true"/>
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="StartRequest"><!-- ns__StartRequest -->

   <sequence>
     <element name="User" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default="anonymous"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::User -->
     <element name="Description" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default=""/><!-- ns__StartRequest::Description -->
     <element name="MaxProbeTime" type="xsd:dateTime" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::MaxProbeTime -->
     <element name="MaxKeepTime" type="xsd:dateTime" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::MaxKeepTime -->
     <element name="Force" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" default="0"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::Force -->
     <element name="Hosts" type="ns:HostArray" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" nillable="true"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::Hosts -->
     <element name="Monitors" type="ns:MonitorArray" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" nillable="true"/><!-- ns__StartRequest::Monitors -->
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="StopRequest"><!-- ns__StopRequest -->

   <sequence>
     <element name="User" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StopRequest::User -->
     <element name="TaskId" type="xsd:unsignedLong" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StopRequest::TaskId -->
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <complexType name="DeleteRequest"><!-- ns__DeleteRequest -->

   <sequence>
     <element name="User" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__DeleteRequest::User -->
     <element name="TaskId" type="xsd:unsignedLong" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__DeleteRequest::TaskId -->
   </sequence>
  </complexType>
  <!-- operation request element -->
  <element name="StartTask">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="request" type="ns:StartRequest" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" nillable="true"/><!-- ns__StartTask::request -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
  <!-- operation response element -->
  <element name="StartResponse">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="ErrCode" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StartResponse::ErrCode -->
     <element name="ErrMsg" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StartResponse::ErrMsg -->
     <element name="TaskId" type="xsd:unsignedLong" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StartResponse::TaskId -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
  <!-- operation request element -->
  <element name="StopTask">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="request" type="ns:StopRequest" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" nillable="true"/><!-- ns__StopTask::request -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
  <!-- operation response element -->
  <element name="StopResponse">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="ErrCode" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StopResponse::ErrCode -->
     <element name="ErrMsg" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__StopResponse::ErrMsg -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
  <!-- operation request element -->
  <element name="DeleteTask">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="request" type="ns:DeleteRequest" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" nillable="true"/><!-- ns__DeleteTask::request -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
  <!-- operation response element -->
  <element name="DeleteResponse">
   <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name="ErrCode" type="xsd:int" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__DeleteResponse::ErrCode -->
     <element name="ErrMsg" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><!-- ns__DeleteResponse::ErrMsg -->
    </sequence>
   </complexType>
  </element>
 </schema>

</types>

<message name="StartTask">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:StartTask"/><!-- ns__StartTask::ns__StartTask -->
</message>

<message name="StartResponse">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:StartResponse"/><!-- ns__StartTask::resopne -->
</message>

<message name="StopTask">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:StopTask"/><!-- ns__StopTask::ns__StopTask -->
</message>

<message name="StopResponse">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:StopResponse"/><!-- ns__StopTask::response -->
</message>

<message name="DeleteTask">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:DeleteTask"/><!-- ns__DeleteTask::ns__DeleteTask -->
</message>

<message name="DeleteResponse">
 <part name="parameters" element="ns:DeleteResponse"/><!-- ns__DeleteTask::response -->
</message>

<portType name="MonitorServerPortType">
 <operation name="StartTask">
  <documentation>Service definition of function ns__StartTask</documentation>
  <input message="tns:StartTask"/>
  <output message="tns:StartResponse"/>
 </operation>
 <operation name="StopTask">
  <documentation>Service definition of function ns__StopTask</documentation>
  <input message="tns:StopTask"/>
  <output message="tns:StopResponse"/>
 </operation>
 <operation name="DeleteTask">
  <documentation>Service definition of function ns__DeleteTask</documentation>
  <input message="tns:DeleteTask"/>
  <output message="tns:DeleteResponse"/>
 </operation>
</portType>

<binding name="MonitorServer" type="tns:MonitorServerPortType">
 <SOAP:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
 <operation name="StartTask">
  <SOAP:operation soapAction=""/>
  <input>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </input>
  <output>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </output>
 </operation>
 <operation name="StopTask">
  <SOAP:operation soapAction=""/>
  <input>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </input>
  <output>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </output>
 </operation>
 <operation name="DeleteTask">
  <SOAP:operation soapAction=""/>
  <input>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </input>
  <output>
     <SOAP:body parts="parameters" use="literal"/>
  </output>
 </operation>
</binding>

<service name="MonitorServer">
 <documentation>gSOAP 2.8.4 generated service definition</documentation>
 <port name="MonitorServer" binding="tns:MonitorServer">
  <SOAP:address location="http://host:port"/>
 </port>
</service>

</definitions>

Python調用

#導入suds包
from suds.client import Client
from datetime import *

#WSDL文件的Location
url =  "http://host:port/service.wsdl"
#根據wsdl創建一個WebService的Client
client = Client(url)
request1 = client.factory.create('StartRequest')
request1.User="mycustomer"
request1.Description="test case"
request1.Force=1
#添加一臺監控機器
host1 = client.factory.create('HostEntry')
host1.Endpoint='http://myprobe_address'
request1.Hosts.Items.append(host1)

#添加一個監控項
monitor1 = client.factory.create('MonitorEntry') 
monitor1.Name='sys.cpu.idle_rate'
monitor1.ValueType=1
monitor1.Interval=1
monitor1.Extra=""
monitor1.Description="perf1"
monitor1.Consolidate=0
monitor1.Hosts.append(0)
request1.Monitors.Items.append(monitor1)
#請求
request1.MaxKeepTime = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=3600)
request1.MaxProbeTime = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=60)
response1 = client.service.StartTask(request1)
print response1
#檢查響應
if response1.ErrCode != 0:
	print response1.ErrMsg
else:
	task = response1.TaskId

#停止任務
request2 = client.factory.create('StopRequest')
request2.TaskId=task
response2 = client.service.StopTask(request2)
if response2.ErrCode != 0:
	print response2.ErrMsg

#刪除任務
request3 = client.factory.create('DeleteRequest') 
request3.TaskId=task
response3 = client.service.DeleteTask(request3)
if response2.ErrCode != 0:
	print response2.ErrMsg

其他

其他幾種使用python調用web service的方法：http://pywebsvcs.sourceforge.net/

一些公共的WebService：http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/web_services.aspx

作者：icefireelf

出處：http://blog.csdn.net/icefireelf/article/details/7264141

使用Python調用Web Service

背景

環境準備

WebService接口

Python調用

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