Cobbler部署指南之配置管理
四、配置管理Cobbler
4.1 Cobbler命令說明
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命令名稱
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命令用途
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cobbler check
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檢查cobbler配置
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cobbler list
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列出所youdecobbler元素
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cobbler report
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列出元素de詳細信息
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cobbler distro
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查看導入de發行版系統信息
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cobbler system
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查看添加de系統信息
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cobbler profile
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查看配置信息
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cobbler sync
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同步Cobbler配置，更改配置最好都要執行下
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cobbler reposync
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同步yum倉庫
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命令參考
cobbler --help
cobbler distro --help
cobbler distro add --help
4.2 Cobbler配置文件說明
Cobbler配置文件存放在/etc/cobbler下
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配置文件名稱
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作 用
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/etc/cobbler/settings
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Cobbler主配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/users.digest
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用於web訪問de用戶名密碼配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
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模塊配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/users.conf
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Cobbler WebUI/Web 服務授權配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/iso/
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Buildiso 模板配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/power
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電源配置文件
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/etc/cobbler/pxe
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Pxeprofile配置模板
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/etc/cobbler
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此目錄也包含rsync、dhcp、dns、pxe、dnsmasq等服務de模板配置文件
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4.3 系統鏡像數據目錄/var/www/cobbler
導入de系統發行版，repos鏡像和kickstart文件都放置在/var/www/cobbler目錄下。確保/var目錄you足夠de空間來存儲這些文件。
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目錄名稱
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作 用
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/var/www/cobbler/images/
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存儲所you導入發行版deKernel和initrd鏡像用於遠程網絡啓動
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/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
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存儲導入de發行版系統數據
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/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/
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倉庫存儲目錄
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/var/log/cobbler
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Cobbler日誌文件 cobbler.log install.log
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. . . . . .
4.4 Cobbler數據目錄/var/lib/cobbler
此目錄存儲和Cobbler profiles、systems、distros相關de配置。
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目錄名稱
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作 用
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/var/lib/cobbler/config/
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存放distros、repos、systems和profiles等信息配置文件，一般都是json文件
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/var/lib/cobbler/snippets/
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存放ks文件可以導入de腳本小片段，值得研究
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/var/lib/cobbler/triggers
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存放用戶定義decobbler 命令
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/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
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存放kickstart配置文件
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4.5 相關日誌文件
web日誌存放點
/var/log/httpd/access_log
/var/log/httpd/error_log
/var/log/httpd/ssl_access_log
/var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log
Cobbler日誌
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log
/var/log/cobbler/install.log
通過Cobbler日誌可以獲取系統de安裝狀態
4.6 導入系統鏡像
4.6.1 上傳ISO鏡像至服務器
注意下載deISO文件要覈對文件demd5值，確保數據完整性
[root@hxinstall x86_64]# md5sum CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso
8a3bf0030f192022943f83fe6b2cf373 CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso
4.6.2 創建ISO目錄
mkdir -p /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/
mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd
mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd
mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd
4.6.3 掛載ISO鏡像
mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd
4.6.4 從DVD中導入OS數據
系統版本命名爲centos5.8 架構x86_64，這時間長，耐性等待。可查看ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/目錄文件生成情況。
cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd --name=centos5.8 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2013-03-12_132624_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Mar 12 13:26:24 2013)
Found a redhat compatible signature: CentOS
adding distros
creating new distro: centos5.8-xen-x86_64
creating new profile: centos5.8-xen-x86_64
creating new distro: centos5.8-x86_64
creating new profile: centos5.8-x86_64
associating repos
traversing distro centos5.8-xen-x86_64
descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
3496/3496 - CentOS/finger-0.17-33.x86_64.rpm pm6_64.rpm
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
received on stderr: This option is deprecated
traversing distro centos5.8-x86_64
descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64
3496/3496 - CentOS/finger-0.17-33.x86_64.rpm pm6_64.rpm
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
received on stderr: This option is deprecated
associating kickstarts
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
www.wrsaw.cn . . . . . .
4.6.5 列出導入後de配置
cobbler list
distros:
centos5.8-x86_64
centos5.8-xen-x86_64
centos6.3-x86_64
centos6.4-x86_64
profiles:
centos5.8-x86_64
centos5.8-xen-x86_64
centos6.3-x86_64
centos6.4-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
列出詳細信息可以使用cobbler report
4.6.6 比對大小，確保數據de完整性
du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/
4.1G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/
du -sh /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/
4.3G /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd/
4.6.7 CentOS6.3、6.4導入過程
CentOS6.3
mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/
cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd/ --name=centos6.3 --arch=x86_64
CentOS6.4
mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/
cobbler import --path=/var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd/ --name=centos6.4 --arch=x86_64
4.7 刪除導入de系統
cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64
#查看配置是否存在
centos6.3-x64-x86_64
cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64
#刪除配置文件
cobbler distro remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64
#刪除distro
cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64
#再查看配置已無
4.8 自定義ks
更改kickstart文件，可爲http等，具體cobbler --help查看，這裏採用wo men 自定製ks文件
ks目錄位置
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
默認deks位置
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
更改指定系統版本對應deks配置文件
cobbler profile edit --name=centos5.8-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos5u8-x64.cfg
cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.3-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u3-x64.cfg
cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u4-x64.cfg
www.wrsaw.cn . . . . . .
4.9 配置信息查看
cobbler report
distros:
==========
Name : centos5.8-xen-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment : rhel5.8
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel5
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Name : centos6.4-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment : rhel6.4
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.4-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel6
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
……略……
systems:
==========
repos:
==========
images:
==========
mgmtclasses:
==========
packages:
==========
files:
==========
4.10 系統版本列表
cobbler distro list
centos5.8-x86_64
centos5.8-xen-x86_64
centos6.3-x86_64
centos6.4-x86_64
4.11 同步Cobbler配置
建議先執行cobbler check進行配置檢查再執行cobbler sync，修改cobbler配置後都需要執行此步驟
cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.
cobbler sync
task started: 2013-03-12_171702_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 12 17:17:02 2013)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
……略……
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
4.12 創建PXE菜單密碼
增加裝機安全設置菜單密碼
生成hash密碼
支持兩種不同類型de密碼：
sha1pass mypassword
或
openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus mypassword
我這裏選擇後者
# openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus hexun
$1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/
編輯配置文件pxedefault，添加如下藍色部分
vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler
MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
$pxe_menu_items
MENU end
配置pxeprofile，增加藍色部分
vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxeprofile.template
LABEL $profile_name
MENU PASSWD
kernel $kernel_path
$menu_label
$append_line
ipappend 2
修改完畢注意檢查、同步配置使其生效
cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.
cobbler sync
www.wrsaw.cn . . . . . .
PXE裝機時選擇裝機系統版本，輸入裝機密碼，效果圖
4.13 定製PXE菜單TITLE
編輯pxedefault文件，
vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler
將原文上面de內容根據自定義進行修改
MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System
修改後de文件
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System
MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
$pxe_menu_items
MENU end
修改完畢執行如下兩條命令
cobbler check
cobbler sync
4.14 添加指定客戶機系統配置到Cobbler
4.14.1 指定一個網段使用特定de裝機配置
cobbler system add --name=network --ip=172.17.188.0/16 --profile=centos5.8-x86_64
4.14.2 添加一個指定服務器de裝機配置
指定服務器就是綁定它demac地址，並設置好ip、dns、hostname
定義系統
cobbler system add --name=host-188116 --hostname=host-188116 --mac=00:19:B9:E5:34:FE --interface=eth0 --ip-address=172.17.188.116 --subnet=255.255.0.0 --gateway=172.17.188.1 --static=1 --profile=centos5.8-x86_64
查看定義de系統列表
cobbler system list
host-188116
更多參數見cobbler system add --help
五、Cobbler Web管理
Cobbler web界面是一個很好de前端，非常容易管理Cobbler
可以添加和刪除 system distro profile
可以查看、編輯distros, profiles, subprofiles, systems, repos 、 kickstart文件
5.1 安裝cobbler_web
yum -y install cobbler-web
5.2 設置用戶名密碼
爲已存在de用戶cobbler重置密碼
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
添加新用戶
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" your_newname
5.3 配置cobbler web可以登錄
sed -i 's/authn_denyall/authn_configfile/g' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
5.4 重啓Cobbler與http
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
5.5 訪問Cobbler Web頁面
瀏覽器訪問登錄頁面https://172.17.10.14/cobbler_web
輸入用戶名密碼
登錄後de頁面
web管理相對易於使用管理這裏這就不再贅述。