My Oracle Cook Book-來自oralce菜鳥的學習筆記(整理)
準備
用到的是oracle自帶的用戶和表
用戶爲scott/tiger
步驟是：連接數據庫
-> sqlplus scott/tiger
Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0
Connected as scott.
初始認證用戶
如果scott用戶沒有鏈接到數據庫，
通過數據庫認證查看用戶的帳號狀態，有可能是scott用戶的狀態處於EXPIRED & LOCKED
1-1 顯示所有用戶的帳號狀態
以sysdba用戶登錄：
->sqlplus / as sysdba；（這個是命令行方式登陸） connect / as sysdba；（這個是SQL*PLUS開發工具登陸），其他語句都一樣
查看所有用戶的帳號狀態查找的表爲dba_users(視圖）;
SQL> desc dba_users;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
--------------------------- -------------- -------- ------- ---------------------------------------
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the user
USER_ID NUMBER ID number of the user
PASSWORD VARCHAR2(30) Y Encrypted password
ACCOUNT_STATUS VARCHAR2(32)
LOCK_DATE DATE Y
EXPIRY_DATE DATE Y
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE VARCHAR2(30) Default tablespace for data
TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE VARCHAR2(30) Default tablespace for temporary tables
CREATED DATE User creation date
PROFILE VARCHAR2(30) User resource profile name
INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP VARCHAR2(30) Y User's initial consumer group
EXTERNAL_NAME VARCHAR2(4000) Y User external name
（需要的表字段用紅色標識）
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username like 'S%';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYSMAN OPEN
SYS OPEN
SYSTEM OPEN
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED
SCOTT EXPIRED & LOCKED
SH EXPIRED & LOCKED
注意scott用戶的account_status狀態
expired意思是用戶的密碼過期了。
Locked意思是用戶帳號已經鎖定
1.2 解鎖用戶和處理用戶密碼過期
SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;
User altered
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users where username like 'S%';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SCOTT OPEN
SYSMAN OPEN
SYS OPEN
SYSTEM OPEN
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED
SH EXPIRED & LOCKED
6 rows selected
注意scott狀態已經打開
語句alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock；其中identified by tiger更新了密碼，account unlock 解鎖了scott用戶
注意狀態爲OPEN狀態
以scott用戶登錄
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0
Connected as scott
1.3查看用戶下的表（user_tables視圖）
SQL> desc user_tables;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
------------------------- ------------ -------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Name of the table
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the tablespace containing the table
CLUSTER_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs
IOT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) Y Name of the index-only table, if any, to which the overflow or mapping table entry belongs
PCT_FREE NUMBER Y Minimum percentage of free space in a block
PCT_USED NUMBER Y Minimum percentage of used space in a block
INI_TRANS NUMBER Y Initial number of transactions
MAX_TRANS NUMBER Y Maximum number of transactions
INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER Y Size of the initial extent in bytes
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER Y Size of secondary extents in bytes
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER Y Minimum number of extents allowed in the segment
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER Y Maximum number of extents allowed in the segment
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER Y Percentage increase in extent size
FREELISTS NUMBER Y Number of process freelists allocated in this segment
FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER Y Number of freelist groups allocated in this segment
LOGGING VARCHAR2(3) Y Logging attribute
BACKED_UP VARCHAR2(1) Y Has table been backed up since last modification?
NUM_ROWS NUMBER Y The number of rows in the table
BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of used blocks in the table
EMPTY_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of empty (never used) blocks in the table
AVG_SPACE NUMBER Y The average available free space in the table
CHAIN_CNT NUMBER Y The number of chained rows in the table
AVG_ROW_LEN NUMBER Y The average row length, including row overhead
AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The average freespace of all blocks on a freelist
NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER Y The number of blocks on the freelist
DEGREE VARCHAR2(10) Y The number of threads per instance for scanning the table
INSTANCES VARCHAR2(10) Y The number of instances across which the table is to be scanned
CACHE VARCHAR2(5) Y Whether the table is to be cached in the buffer cache
TABLE_LOCK VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether table locking is enabled or disabled
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER Y The sample size used in analyzing this table
LAST_ANALYZED DATE Y The date of the most recent time this table was analyzed
PARTITIONED VARCHAR2(3) Y Is this table partitioned? YES or NO
IOT_TYPE VARCHAR2(12) Y If index-only table, then IOT_TYPE is IOT or IOT_OVERFLOW or IOT_MAPPING else NULL
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) Y Can the current session only see data that it place in this object itself?
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1) Y Is this table object created as part of icreate for domain indexes?
NESTED VARCHAR2(3) Y Is the table a nested table?
BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2(7) Y The default buffer pool to be used for table blocks
ROW_MOVEMENT VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether partitioned row movement is enabled or disabled
GLOBAL_STATS VARCHAR2(3) Y Are the statistics calculated without merging underlying partitions?
USER_STATS VARCHAR2(3) Y Were the statistics entered directly by the user?
DURATION VARCHAR2(15) Y If temporary table, then duration is sys$session or sys$transaction else NULL
SKIP_CORRUPT VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether skip corrupt blocks is enabled or disabled
MONITORING VARCHAR2(3) Y Should we keep track of the amount of modification?
CLUSTER_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) Y Owner of the cluster, if any, to which the table belongs
DEPENDENCIES VARCHAR2(8) Y Should we keep track of row level dependencies?
COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8) Y Whether table compression is enabled or not
DROPPED VARCHAR2(3) Y Whether table is dropped and is in Recycle Bin
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SALGRADE USERS
BONUS USERS
EMP USERS
DEPT USERS
例子中主要適用EMP，DEPT倆個表
準備結束。下一節開始圍繞該表介紹我的orcle SQL菜鳥筆記