Struts2 Action的單元測試

  對Struts2進行單元測試，以struts 2.2.1.1爲例 ，可以使用struts2發行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，它裏面提供了兩個類StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase，分別提供對純struts應用和struts+spring整合時的單元測試支持。下面分別說明。

 

1.StrutsTestCase

   首先準備一個純struts2工程，建立工程過程略，但有如下的類：

   Account.java,是bean

   package model; public class Account { private String userName; private String password; public Account() { } public Account(String userName, String password) { this.userName = userName; this.password = password; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }

   AccountAction.java

   package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import model.Account; import java.util.logging.Logger; public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{ private Account accountBean; public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; } public void validate(){ if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long."); } } public Account getAccountBean() { return accountBean; } public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) { this.accountBean = accountBean; } }

   測試類：

  TestAccountAction.java

   package ut; import action.AccountAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase; import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*; public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase { private AccountAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; private void init() { proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url，可以寫擴展名".action"也可以乾脆不寫 action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction(); } public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception { request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present", action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1); assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been", action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName")); } public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{ request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); String result=proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present", action.getFieldErrors().size()==0); assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.", "success", result); } }  

   測試邏輯比較簡單，action中的validate方法會保證用戶名長度在5－－9之間。

   定義struts.xml，放在類路徑的根目錄下，而非web-inf/classes下，否則會找不到，不會加載你定義的內容。

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>

   至於action/result的定義中用到的jsp頁面，不必真實存在，保持不爲空就行，否則，action測試的時候，會說result未定義之類的錯誤，因爲此測試會模擬action真實狀態下的運行。運行，一切OK。

   正因爲會模擬真實狀態下的運行，所以攔截器也會正常被觸發，下面再定義一個攔截器測試一下：

   MyInterceptor.java

   package interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{ public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("before processing"); String rst= actionInvocation.invoke(); System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod()); return rst; } }

  

   修改一下struts.xml,加入攔截器的定義：

   <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </interceptors>
        <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
            <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
            <interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
        </action>
    </package>

   運行，控制檯會輸出：

   before processing

   bye bye execute

 

    使用的jar包如下圖：

  

   都是struts發行包提供的，其它不相關的jar不要加，尤其是以plugin.jar結尾的文件，更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar，加了會加載相關的東西，但這裏卻提供不了，導致測試無法運行。實際spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必須的，但加了也無所謂，在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外，web.xml不需要配置，根本不會去這裏找配置信息。

  

2.StrutsSpringTestCase

  這個和前面的過程類似，需要的類分別如下。

  MathAction.java

  package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import service.MathService; public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{ private MathService service; public String execute() throws Exception { ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2)); return SUCCESS; } public MathService getService() { return service; } public void setService(MathService service) { this.service = service; } }

  MathService.java

  package service; public class MathService { public int add(int a,int b){ return a+b; } }

  測試類TestMathAction，測試一下MathService.add是否能正確地返回兩個數相加的值。

  import action.MathAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase; public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{ private MathAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; protected String getContextLocations() { return "spring/applicationContext.xml"; } private void init(){ proxy=getActionProxy("/add"); action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction(); } public void testAdd() throws Exception{ init(); proxy.execute(); assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3); } }

 

  這裏有一個小trick，默認情況下，applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目錄下，但如果項目需要不放在那裏，就要覆蓋getContextLocations方法返回其class path，開頭可以有也可以沒有“/”，這裏我放在包spring下，所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml，至於struts和spring整合的配置就不用寫了，想必大家都會。需要的jar在上面的基礎上，加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了，對了，兩種測試都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar，去tomcat裏copy一份即可，junit.jar也是需要的（廢話？！）

 

   參考：https://cwiki.apache.org/WW/struts-2-junit-plugin-tutorial.html