mysqldump實踐

mysqldump

mysqldump---邏輯備份，熱備
- 單線程，適合數據量小的庫

mysql官方自帶的命令行工具

#全庫

1)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX --all-databases > XXX.sql

#指定庫

2)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX --databases db2 > XXX.sql

#指定表

3)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX db2 t1 > XXX.sql

#恢復

create database db3;
surce XXX.sql;

#使用事務備份全庫

5)mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > XXX.sql

#遠程備份

6)mysqldump -utest -ptest -hXXX -P3306 --all-databases > XXX.sql

#備份.sql,和.csv格式；

7)mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p123456 db1 -T XXX

#指定分隔符爲","默認分隔符爲製表符

8)mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --single-transaction --fields-terminated-by=, shuxue -T /tmp

主要示例

演示使用mysqldump備份表，庫，實例
演示使用mysqldump製作一致性備份
演示使用mysqldump導出數據爲csv格式

演示使用mysqldump備份表，庫，實例：

備份全庫：

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --all-databases > ./all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ head -n 30 all_db.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.47, for debian-linux-gnu (i686)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database:
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.5.47-0ubuntu0.12.04.1
 
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
 
--
-- Current Database: `TEST`
--
 
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `TEST` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
 
USE `TEST`;
 
--
-- Current Database: `WY_yun`
--
 
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `WY_yun` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
 
#可以看到all_db.sql，實際上就是SQL語句，會將表，插入數據等等；

備份指定庫：

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --databases shuxue > ./shuxue.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql  shuxue.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '22,45p' shuxue.sql
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `shuxue` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
 
USE `shuxue`;
 
--
-- Table structure for table `res_new`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `res_new`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `res_new` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(32,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `que` int(1) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
 
--
-- Dumping data for table `res_new`
--
 
LOCK TABLES `res_new` WRITE;
 
#指定文件顯示第幾行到第幾行sed -n '22,45p' filename;

備份單個表：

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_shuxue |
+------------------+
| res_new          |
| res_sum_num      |
| week_day         |
+------------------+
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock shuxue week_day > ./week_day.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql  shuxue.sql  week_day.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '10,37p' week_day.sql
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
 
--
-- Table structure for table `week_day`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(32,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int(1) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
 
--
-- Dumping data for table `week_day`
--
 
LOCK TABLES `week_day` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `week_day` DISABLE KEYS */;

還原week_day表

mysql> create database db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> use db
Database changed
 
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
 
 
mysql> source /home/aiapple/mysql_backup/week_day.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_db |
+--------------+
| week_day     |
+--------------+
使用source命令還原數據；

mysqldump一致性備份

定義：

因爲在備份過程中，數據庫的數據是不斷變動的，而一致性備份是指備份某時刻點的數據；

因爲innodb提供了可重複讀，這個隔離級別，即在同一個事務內看到的數據不變，所以備份工作中，

如果開啓一個事務再進行備份，那麼這個備份就是事務開啓的時間點的備份，也叫一致性備份；

參數：--single-transaction

默認備份會鎖表，鎖庫，來備份，因爲沒有開啓事務，而使用這個參數之後，會開啓一個事務來備份，不會鎖表鎖庫。

一致性備份全庫

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --all-databases > ./all_db.sql
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '20,45p' all_db.sql
--
 
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `TEST` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
 
USE `TEST`;
 
--
-- Current Database: `WY_yun`
--
 
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `WY_yun` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
 
USE `WY_yun`;
 
--
-- Table structure for table `a`
--
 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `a`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `a` (
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `sal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

遠程備份

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 --database shuxue > ./shuxue.sql
 
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
shuxue.sql

演示使用mysqldump導出數據爲csv格式

參數：-T

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 shuxue -T /tmp
 
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ cd /tmp/
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ ls
res_new.sql         res_new.txt        
week_day.txt        week_day.sql           
res_sum_num.sql     res_sum_num.txt
 
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(32,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int(1) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
 
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
 
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
 
-- Dump completed on 2016-06-25  9:32:25
 
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.txt
2015-05-02    50    5
2015-05-03    62    6
2015-05-09    79    5
2015-05-10    31    6
2015-05-16    75    5
2015-05-17    64    6
2015-05-23    101    5
2015-05-24    55    6
2015-05-30    87    5
2015-05-31    66    6
2015-06-06    76    5
2015-06-07    66    6
2015-06-13    72    5
2015-06-14    69    6
2015-06-20    108    5
2015-06-21    64    6
2015-06-27    62    5
2015-06-28    71    6
2015-07-04    68    5
2015-07-05    69    6
2015-07-11    104    5
2015-07-12    105    6
2015-07-18    76    5
2015-07-19    86    6
2015-07-25    90    5
2015-07-26    94    6

#默認分隔符爲製表符

#可以指定分隔符

#指定分隔符爲","

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --single-transaction --fields-terminated-by=, shuxue -T /tmp
 
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ cd /tmp/
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ ls
res_new.sql         res_new.txt
week_day.txt        week_day.sql
res_sum_num.sql     res_sum_num.txt
 
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(32,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int(1) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
 
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
 
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
 
-- Dump completed on 2016-06-25  9:32:25
 
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.txt
2015-05-02,50,5
2015-05-03,62,6
2015-05-09,79,5
2015-05-10,31,6
2015-05-16,75,5
2015-05-17,64,6
2015-05-23,101,5
2015-05-24,55,6
2015-05-30,87,5
2015-05-31,66,6
2015-06-06,76,5
2015-06-07,66,6
2015-06-13,72,5
2015-06-14,69,6
2015-06-20,108,5
2015-06-21,64,6
2015-06-27,62,5
2015-06-28,71,6
2015-07-04,68,5
2015-07-05,69,6
2015-07-11,104,5
2015-07-12,105,6
2015-07-18,76,5
2015-07-19,86,6
2015-07-25,90,5
2015-07-26,94,6

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