在CentOS 6.3下安裝完Oracle 10g R2，重開機之後，你會發現Oracle沒有自行啓動，這是正常的，因爲在Linux下安裝Oracle的確不會自行啓動，必須要自行設定相關參數，首先先介紹一般而言如何啓動oracle。
一、在Linux下啓動Oracle
登錄到CentOS，切換到oracle用戶權限
# su – oracle
接着輸入：
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
原本的畫面會變爲
SQL>
接着請輸入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的啓動數據庫了。
另外停止數據庫的指令如下：
SQL> shutdown immediate
二、檢查Oracle DB監聽器是否正常
回到終端機模式，輸入：
$ lsnrctl status
檢查看看監聽器是否有啓動
如果沒有啓動，可以輸入：
$ lsnrctl start
啓動監聽器
SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然後輸入密碼，sys以sysdba身份登入數據庫。
三、啓動emctl
另外也可以發現http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是沒有反應的，這邊要另外啓動，啓動的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
這個指令運行時間較長，執行完的畫面如下：
手動啓動Oracle數據庫完畢，下面創建系統自行啓動Oracle的腳本。
四、Oracle啓動&停止腳本
1. 修改Oracle系統配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有這樣，Oracle 自帶的dbstart和dbshut才能夠發揮作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下創建文件oracle，內容如下：
#!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 35 80 10 # description: Oracle auto start-stop script. # # Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut; # # Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the # Oracle database in ORA_HOME. ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102 ORA_OWNER=oracle if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ] then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit fi case "$1" in 'start') # Start the Oracle databases: echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle echo "Done" # Start the Listener: echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle echo "Done." echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ;; 'stop') # Stop the Oracle Listener: echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle echo "Done." rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle # Stop the Oracle Database: echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle echo "Done." echo "" echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle ;; 'restart') $0 stop $0 start ;; esac
3. 改變文件權限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服務
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在關機或重啓機器之前停止數據庫，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //關機
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重啓
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //啓動oracle
# service oracle stop //關閉oracle
# service oracle restart //重啓oracle
7. 測試
a. 開機自啓動
Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL>
b. service oracle stop
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
SQL>
c. service oracle start
SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
d. service oracle restart
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
至此，Oracle服務啓動&停止腳本與開機自啓動設置完畢。