mysql系統複習-燕十八老師提供

mysql複習
一:複習前的準備
1:確認你已安裝wamp
2:確認你已安裝ecshop,並且ecshop的數據庫名爲shop

二	基礎知識:
1.數據庫的連接
mysql -u -p -h
-u 用戶名
-p 密碼
-h host主機

2:庫級知識
2.1 顯示數據庫: show databases;
2.2 選擇數據庫: use dbname;
2.3 創建數據庫: create database dbname charset utf8;
2.3 刪除數據庫: drop database dbname;

3: 表級操作:
3.1 顯示庫下面的表
show tables;

3.2 查看錶的結構: 
desc tableName;

3.3 查看錶的創建過程: 
show create table  tableName;

3.4 創建表:
 create table tbName (
列名稱1 列類型 [列參數] [not null default ],
....列2...
....
列名稱N 列類型 [列參數] [not null default ]
)engine myisam/innodb charset utf8/gbk


3.4的例子:
create table user (
    id int auto_increment,
    name varchar(20) not null default '',
    age tinyint unsigned not null default 0,
   index id (id)
   )engine=innodb charset=utf8;
注:innodb是表引擎,也可以是myisam或其他,但最常用的是myisam和innodb,
charset 常用的有utf8,gbk;


3.5 修改表
3.5.1	修改表之增加列:
alter table tbName 
add 列名稱1 列類型 [列參數] [not null default ] #(add之後的舊列名之後的語法和創建表時的列聲明一樣)

3.5.2	修改表之修改列
alter table tbName
change 舊列名  新列名  列類型 [列參數] [not null default ]
(注:舊列名之後的語法和創建表時的列聲明一樣)

3.5.3	修改表之減少列:
alter table tbName 
drop 列名稱;


3.5.4	修改表之增加主鍵
alter table tbName add primary key(主鍵所在列名);
例:alter table goods add primary key(id)
該例是把主鍵建立在id列上

3.5.5	修改表之刪除主鍵
alter table tbName drop primary key;

3.5.6	修改表之增加索引
alter table tbName add [unique|fulltext] index 索引名(列名);

3.5.7	修改表之刪除索引
alter table tbName drop index 索引名;

3.5.8	清空表的數據
truncate tableName;

4:列類型講解
列類型:
        整型:tinyint (0~255/-128~127) smallint (0~65535/-32768~32767) mediumint int bigint (參考手冊11.2)
        參數解釋:
        unsigned 無符號(不能爲負)  zerofill 0填充  M 填充後的寬度
        舉例:tinyint unsigned;
             tinyint(6) zerofill;   
數值型
        浮點型:float double
        格式:float(M,D)  unsigned\zerofill;


字符型
        char(m) 定長
        varchar(m)變長
        text

列          實存字符i        實佔空間            利用率

char(M)      0<=i<=M            M                i/m<=100%

varchar(M)    0<=i<=M          i+1,2             i/i+1/2<100%
    

               year       YYYY	範圍:1901~2155. 可輸入值2位和4位(如98,2012)
日期時間類型   date       YYYY-MM-DD 如:2010-03-14
               time       HH:MM:SS	如:19:26:32
               datetime   YYYY-MM-DD  HH:MM:SS 如:2010-03-14 19:26:32
               timestamp  YYYY-MM-DD  HH:MM:SS 特性:不用賦值,該列會爲自己賦當前的具體時間 



5:增刪改查基本操作

5.1 插入數據 
	insert into 表名(col1,col2,……) values(val1,val2……); -- 插入指定列
	insert into 表名 values (,,,,); -- 插入所有列
	insert into 表名 values	-- 一次插入多行 
	(val1,val2……),
	(val1,val2……),
	(val1,val2……);


5.3修改數據
	update tablename 
	set 
	col1=newval1,  
	col2=newval2,
	...
	...
	colN=newvalN
	where 條件;

5.4,刪除數據    delete from tablenaeme where 條件;

5.5,    select     查詢

  (1)  條件查詢   where  a. 條件表達式的意義,表達式爲真,則該行取出
			   b.  比較運算符  = ,!=,< > <=  >=
                           c.  like , not like ('%'匹配任意多個字符,'_'匹配任意單個字符) 
				in , not in , between and
                           d. is null , is not null			
  (2)  分組       group by 
			一般要配合5個聚合函數使用:max,min,sum,avg,count
  (3)  篩選       having
  (4)  排序       order by
  (5)  限制       limit



6:	連接查詢

6.1, 左連接
	.. left join .. on
	table A left join table B on tableA.col1 = tableB.col2 ; 
  例句:
  select 列名 from table A left join table B on tableA.col1 = tableB.col2
2.  右鏈接: right join
3.  內連接:  inner join

左右連接都是以在左邊的表的數據爲準,沿着左表查右表.
內連接是以兩張表都有的共同部分數據爲準,也就是左右連接的數據之交集.

7	子查詢
  where 型子查詢:內層sql的返回值在where後作爲條件表達式的一部分
  例句: select * from tableA where colA = (select colB from tableB where ...);
  
  from 型子查詢:內層sql查詢結果,作爲一張表,供外層的sql語句再次查詢
  例句:select * from (select * from ...) as tableName where ....

  
8: 字符集
  客服端sql編碼 character_set_client
  服務器轉化後的sql編碼 character_set_connection
  服務器返回給客戶端的結果集編碼     character_set_results
  快速把以上3個變量設爲相同值: set names 字符集

   存儲引擎 engine=1\2
  1 Myisam  速度快 不支持事務 回滾
  2 Innodb  速度慢 支持事務,回滾
  
  ①開啓事務          start transaction
  ②運行sql;          
  ③提交,同時生效\回滾 commit\rollback

  觸發器 trigger
  監視地點:表
  監視行爲:增 刪 改
  觸發時間:after\before
  觸發事件:增 刪 改


  創建觸發器語法
	create trigger tgName
	after/before insert/delete/update 
	on tableName
	for each row
	sql; -- 觸發語句
	
  刪除觸發器:drop trigger tgName;


 索引
 提高查詢速度,但是降低了增刪改的速度,所以使用索引時,要綜合考慮.
 索引不是越多越好,一般我們在常出現於條件表達式中的列加索引.
 值越分散的列,索引的效果越好

 索引類型
 primary key主鍵索引
 index 普通索引
 unique index 唯一性索引
 fulltext index 全文索引


綜合練習:
連接上數據庫服務器
創建一個gbk編碼的數據庫
建立商品表和欄目表,字段如下:

商品表:goods
goods_id --主鍵,
goods_name -- 商品名稱
cat_id  -- 欄目id
brand_id -- 品牌id
goods_sn -- 貨號
goods_number -- 庫存量
shop_price  -- 價格
goods_desc --商品詳細描述

欄目表:category
cat_id --主鍵 
cat_name -- 欄目名稱
parent_id -- 欄目的父id



建表完成後,作以下操作:
刪除goods表的goods_desc 字段,及貨號字段
並增加字段:click_count  -- 點擊量

在goods_name列上加唯一性索引
在shop_price列上加普通索引
在clcik_count列上加普通索引
刪除click_count列上的索引


對goods表插入以下數據:
+----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+
| goods_id | goods_name                   | cat_id | brand_id | goods_sn  | goods_number | shop_price | click_count |
+----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+
|        1 | KD876                        |      4 |        8 | ECS000000 |           10 |    1388.00 |           7 |
|        4 | 諾基亞N85原裝充電器          |      8 |        1 | ECS000004 |           17 |      58.00 |           0 |
|        3 | 諾基亞原裝5800耳機           |      8 |        1 | ECS000002 |           24 |      68.00 |           3 |
|        5 | 索愛原裝M2卡讀卡器           |     11 |        7 | ECS000005 |            8 |      20.00 |           3 |
|        6 | 勝創KINGMAX內存卡            |     11 |        0 | ECS000006 |           15 |      42.00 |           0 |
|        7 | 諾基亞N85原裝立體聲耳機HS-82 |      8 |        1 | ECS000007 |           20 |     100.00 |           0 |
|        8 | 飛利浦9@9v                   |      3 |        4 | ECS000008 |           17 |     399.00 |           9 |
|        9 | 諾基亞E66                    |      3 |        1 | ECS000009 |           13 |    2298.00 |          20 |
|       10 | 索愛C702c                    |      3 |        7 | ECS000010 |            7 |    1328.00 |          11 |
|       11 | 索愛C702c                    |      3 |        7 | ECS000011 |            1 |    1300.00 |           0 |
|       12 | 摩托羅拉A810                 |      3 |        2 | ECS000012 |            8 |     983.00 |          14 |
|       13 | 諾基亞5320 XpressMusic       |      3 |        1 | ECS000013 |            8 |    1311.00 |          13 |
|       14 | 諾基亞5800XM                 |      4 |        1 | ECS000014 |            4 |    2625.00 |           6 |
|       15 | 摩托羅拉A810                 |      3 |        2 | ECS000015 |            3 |     788.00 |           8 |
|       16 | 恆基偉業G101                 |      2 |       11 | ECS000016 |            0 |     823.33 |           3 |
|       17 | 夏新N7                       |      3 |        5 | ECS000017 |            1 |    2300.00 |           2 |
|       18 | 夏新T5                       |      4 |        5 | ECS000018 |            1 |    2878.00 |           0 |
|       19 | 三星SGH-F258                 |      3 |        6 | ECS000019 |            0 |     858.00 |           7 |
|       20 | 三星BC01                     |      3 |        6 | ECS000020 |           13 |     280.00 |          14 |
|       21 | 金立 A30                     |      3 |       10 | ECS000021 |           40 |    2000.00 |           4 |
|       22 | 多普達Touch HD               |      3 |        3 | ECS000022 |            0 |    5999.00 |          15 |
|       23 | 諾基亞N96                    |      5 |        1 | ECS000023 |            8 |    3700.00 |          17 |
|       24 | P806                         |      3 |        9 | ECS000024 |          148 |    2000.00 |          36 |
|       25 | 小靈通/固話50元充值卡        |     13 |        0 | ECS000025 |            2 |      48.00 |           0 |
|       26 | 小靈通/固話20元充值卡        |     13 |        0 | ECS000026 |            2 |      19.00 |           0 |
|       27 | 聯通100元充值卡              |     15 |        0 | ECS000027 |            2 |      95.00 |           0 |
|       28 | 聯通50元充值卡               |     15 |        0 | ECS000028 |            0 |      45.00 |           0 |
|       29 | 移動100元充值卡              |     14 |        0 | ECS000029 |            0 |      90.00 |           0 |
|       30 | 移動20元充值卡               |     14 |        0 | ECS000030 |            9 |      18.00 |           1 |
|       31 | 摩托羅拉E8                   |      3 |        2 | ECS000031 |            1 |    1337.00 |           5 |
|       32 | 諾基亞N85                    |      3 |        1 | ECS000032 |            1 |    3010.00 |           9 |
+----------+------------------------------+--------+----------+-----------+--------------+------------+-------------+



三	查詢知識
注:以下查詢基於ecshop網站的商品表(ecs_goods)
在練習時可以只取部分列,方便查看.

1: 基礎查詢 where的練習:

查出滿足以下條件的商品
1.1:主鍵爲32的商品
select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price 
     from ecs_goods
     where goods_id=32;
1.2:不屬第3欄目的所有商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods
     where cat_id!=3;

1.3:本店價格高於3000元的商品

 select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods
     where shop_price >3000;

1.4:本店價格低於或等於100元的商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods where shop_price <=100;

1.5:取出第4欄目或第11欄目的商品(不許用or)
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods
     where cat_id in (4,11);


1.6:取出100<=價格<=500的商品(不許用and)
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods
     where shop_price between 100 and 500;


1.7:取出不屬於第3欄目且不屬於第11欄目的商品(and,或not in分別實現)
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods     where cat_id!=3 and cat_id!=11;

select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods     where cat_id not in (3,11);



1.8:取出價格大於100且小於300,或者大於4000且小於5000的商品()
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods where shop_price>100 and shop_price <300 or shop_price >4000 and shop_price <5000;



1.9:取出第3個欄目下面價格<1000或>3000,並且點擊量>5的系列商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price,click_count from ecs_goods where
cat_id=3 and (shop_price <1000 or shop_price>3000) and click_count>5;

1.10:取出第1個欄目下面的商品(注意:1欄目下面沒商品,但其子欄目下有)
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price,click_count from ecs_goods
     where cat_id in (2,3,4,5);

1.11:取出名字以"諾基亞"開頭的商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods     where goods_name like '諾基亞%';


1.12:取出名字爲"諾基亞Nxx"的手機
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods  
   where goods_name like '諾基亞N__';


1.13:取出名字不以"諾基亞"開頭的商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goos
     where goods_name not like '諾基亞%';

1.14:取出第3個欄目下面價格在1000到3000之間,並且點擊量>5 "諾基亞"開頭的系列商品
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods where 
cat_id=3 and shop_price>1000 and shop_price <3000 and click_count>5 and goods_name like '諾基亞%';


select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price  from ecs_goods where 
shop_price between 1000 and 3000 and cat_id=3  and click_count>5 and goods_name like '諾基亞%';


一道面試題
有如下表和數組
把num值處於[20,29]之間,改爲20
num值處於[30,39]之間的,改爲30

mian表
+------+
| num  |
+------+
|    3 |
|   12 |
|   15 |
|   25 |
|   23 |
|   29 |
|   34 |
|   37 |
|   32 |
|   45 |
|   48 |
|   52 |
+------+

練習題:
把good表中商品名爲'諾基亞xxxx'的商品,改爲'HTCxxxx',
提示:大膽的把列看成變量,參與運算,甚至調用函數來處理 .
substring(),concat()


2	分組查詢group:
2.1:查出最貴的商品的價格
select max(shop_price) from ecs_goods;

2.2:查出最大(最新)的商品編號
select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods;

2.3:查出最便宜的商品的價格
select min(shop_price) from ecs_goods;

2.4:查出最舊(最小)的商品編號
select min(goods_id) from ecs_goods;

2.5:查詢該店所有商品的庫存總量
select sum(goods_number) from ecs_goods;

2.6:查詢所有商品的平均價
 select avg(shop_price) from ecs_goods;

2.7:查詢該店一共有多少種商品
 select count(*) from ecs_goods;


2.8:查詢每個欄目下面
最貴商品價格
最低商品價格
商品平均價格
商品庫存量
商品種類
提示:(5個聚合函數,sum,avg,max,min,count與group綜合運用)
select cat_id,max(shop_price) from ecs_goods  group by cat_id;


3 having與group綜合運用查詢:
3.1:查詢該店的商品比市場價所節省的價格
select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as j 
     from ecs_goods ;


3.2:查詢每個商品所積壓的貨款(提示:庫存*單價)
select goods_id,goods_name,goods_number*shop_price  from ecs_goods

3.3:查詢該店積壓的總貨款
select sum(goods_number*shop_price) from ecs_goods;

3.4:查詢該店每個欄目下面積壓的貨款.
select cat_id,sum(goods_number*shop_price) as k from ecs_goods group by cat_id;

3.5:查詢比市場價省錢200元以上的商品及該商品所省的錢(where和having分別實現)
select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price  as k from ecs_goods
where market_price-shop_price >200;

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price  as k from ecs_goods
having k >200;

3.6:查詢積壓貨款超過2W元的欄目,以及該欄目積壓的貨款
select cat_id,sum(goods_number*shop_price) as k from ecs_goods group by cat_id
having k>20000

3.7:where-having-group綜合練習題
有如下表及數據
+------+---------+-------+
| name | subject | score |
+------+---------+-------+
| 張三 | 數學    |    90 |
| 張三 | 語文    |    50 |
| 張三 | 地理    |    40 |
| 李四 | 語文    |    55 |
| 李四 | 政治    |    45 |
| 王五 | 政治    |    30 |
+------+---------+-------+

要求:查詢出2門及2門以上不及格者的平均成績

## 一種錯誤做法
mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
+------+---+------------+
| name | k | avg(score) |
+------+---+------------+
| 張三     | 3 |    60.0000 |
| 李四     | 2 |    50.0000 |
+------+---+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name;
+------+---+------------+
| name | k | avg(score) |
+------+---+------------+
| 張三     | 3 |    60.0000 |
| 李四     | 2 |    50.0000 |
| 王五     | 1 |    30.0000 |
+------+---+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
+------+---+------------+
| name | k | avg(score) |
+------+---+------------+
| 張三     | 3 |    60.0000 |
| 李四     | 2 |    50.0000 |
+------+---+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#加上趙六後錯誤暴露
mysql> insert into stu 
    -> values 
    -> ('趙六','A',100),
    -> ('趙六','B',99),
    -> ('趙六','C',98);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

#錯誤顯現
mysql> select name,count(score<60) as k,avg(score) from stu group by name having k>=2;
+------+---+------------+
| name | k | avg(score) |
+------+---+------------+
| 張三 | 3 |    60.0000 |
| 李四 | 2 |    50.0000 |
| 趙六 | 3 |    99.0000 |
+------+---+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#正確思路,先查看每個人的平均成績
mysql> select name,avg(score) from stu group by name;
+------+------------+
| name | avg(score) |
+------+------------+
| 張三 |    60.0000 |
| 李四 |    50.0000 |
| 王五 |    30.0000 |
| 趙六 |    99.0000 |
+------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> # 看每個人掛科情況
mysql> select name,score < 60 from stu;
+------+------------+
| name | score < 60 |
+------+------------+
| 張三 |          0 |
| 張三 |          1 |
| 張三 |          1 |
| 李四 |          1 |
| 李四 |          1 |
| 王五 |          1 |
| 趙六 |          0 |
| 趙六 |          0 |
| 趙六 |          0 |
+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #計算每個人的掛科科目
mysql> select name,sum(score < 60) from stu group by name;
+------+-----------------+
| name | sum(score < 60) |
+------+-----------------+
| 張三 |               2 |
| 李四 |               2 |
| 王五 |               1 |
| 趙六 |               0 |
+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#同時計算每人的平均分
mysql> select name,sum(score < 60),avg(score) as pj from stu group by name;
+------+-----------------+---------+
| name | sum(score < 60) | pj      |
+------+-----------------+---------+
| 張三 |               2 | 60.0000 |
| 李四 |               2 | 50.0000 |
| 王五 |               1 | 30.0000 |
| 趙六 |               0 | 99.0000 |
+------+-----------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#利用having篩選掛科2門以上的.
mysql> select name,sum(score < 60) as gk ,avg(score) as pj from stu group by name having gk >=2; 
+------+------+---------+
| name | gk   | pj      |
+------+------+---------+
| 張三 |    2 | 60.0000 |
| 李四 |    2 | 50.0000 |
+------+------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)



4:	order by 與 limit查詢
4.1:按價格由高到低排序
select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods order by shop_price desc;

4.2:按發佈時間由早到晚排序
select goods_id,goods_name,add_time from ecs_goods order by add_time;

4.3:接欄目由低到高排序,欄目內部按價格由高到低排序
select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods
     order by cat_id ,shop_price desc;


4.4:取出價格最高的前三名商品
select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods order by shop_price desc limit 3;



4.5:取出點擊量前三名到前5名的商品
select goods_id,goods_name,click_count from ecs_goods order by click_count desc limit 2,3;

5	連接查詢
5.1:取出所有商品的商品名,欄目名,價格
select goods_name,cat_name,shop_price from 
ecs_goods left join ecs_category
on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id;

5.2:取出第4個欄目下的商品的商品名,欄目名,價格
select goods_name,cat_name,shop_price from 
ecs_goods left join ecs_category
on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id
where ecs_goods.cat_id = 4;



5.3:取出第4個欄目下的商品的商品名,欄目名,與品牌名
select goods_name,cat_name,brand_name from 
ecs_goods left join ecs_category
on ecs_goods.cat_id=ecs_category.cat_id
left join ecs_brand 
on ecs_goods.brand_id=ecs_brand.brand_id
where ecs_goods.cat_id = 4;

5.4: 用友面試題

根據給出的表結構按要求寫出SQL語句。
Match 賽程表
字段名稱字段類型描述
matchIDint主鍵
hostTeamIDint主隊的ID
guestTeamIDint客隊的ID
matchResultvarchar(20)比賽結果,如(2:0)
matchTimedate比賽開始時間
Team 參賽隊伍表
字段名稱字段類型描述
teamIDint主鍵
teamNamevarchar(20)隊伍名稱
Match的hostTeamID與guestTeamID都與Team中的teamID關聯 查出 2006-6-1 到2006-7-1之間舉行的所有比賽,並且用以下形式列出: 拜仁 2:0 不來梅 2006-6-21 mysql> select * from m; +-----+------+------+------+------------+ | mid | hid | gid | mres | matime | +-----+------+------+------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2:0 | 2006-05-21 | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1:2 | 2006-06-21 | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2:5 | 2006-06-25 | | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3:2 | 2006-07-21 | +-----+------+------+------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t; +------+----------+ | tid | tname | +------+----------+ | 1 | 國安 | | 2 | 申花 | | 3 | 傳智聯隊 | +------+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select hid,t1.tname as hname ,mres,gid,t2.tname as gname,matime -> from -> m left join t as t1 -> on m.hid = t1.tid -> left join t as t2 -> on m.gid = t2.tid; +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+ | hid | hname | mres | gid | gname | matime | +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+ | 1 | 國安 | 2:0 | 2 | 申花 | 2006-05-21 | | 2 | 申花 | 1:2 | 3 | 傳智聯隊 | 2006-06-21 | | 3 | 傳智聯隊 | 2:5 | 1 | 國安 | 2006-06-25 | | 2 | 申花 | 3:2 | 1 | 國安 | 2006-07-21 | +------+----------+------+------+----------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 6 union查詢 6.1:把ecs_comment,ecs_feedback兩個表中的數據,各取出4列,並把結果集union成一個結果集. 6.2:3期學員碰到的一道面試題 A表: +------+------+ | id | num | +------+------+ | a | 5 | | b | 10 | | c | 15 | | d | 10 | +------+------+ B表: +------+------+ | id | num | +------+------+ | b | 5 | | c | 15 | | d | 20 | | e | 99 | +------+------+ mysql> # 合併 ,注意all的作用 mysql> select * from ta -> union all -> select * from tb; +------+------+ | id | num | +------+------+ | a | 5 | | b | 10 | | c | 15 | | d | 10 | | b | 5 | | c | 15 | | d | 20 | | e | 99 | +------+------+ 要求查詢出以下效果: +------+----------+ | id | sum(num) | +------+----------+ | a | 5 | | b | 15 | | c | 30 | | d | 30 | | e | 99 | +------+----------+ 參考答案: mysql> # sum,group求和 mysql> select id,sum(num) from (select * from ta union all select * from tb) as tmp group by id; +------+----------+ | id | sum(num) | +------+----------+ | a | 5 | | b | 15 | | c | 25 | | d | 30 | | e | 99 | +------+----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 7: 子查詢: 7.1:查詢出最新一行商品(以商品編號最大爲最新,用子查詢實現) select goods_id,goods_name from ecs_goods where goods_id =(select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods); 7.2:查詢出編號爲19的商品的欄目名稱(用左連接查詢和子查詢分別) 7.3:用where型子查詢把ecs_goods表中的每個欄目下面最新的商品取出來 select goods_id,goods_name,cat_id from ecs_goods where goods_id in (select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods group by cat_id); 7.4:用from型子查詢把ecs_goods表中的每個欄目下面最新的商品取出來 select * from (select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name from ecs_goods order by goods_id desc) as t group by cat_id; 創建觸發器: CREATE trigger tg2 after insert on ord for each row update goods set goods_number=goods_number-new.num where id=new.gid CREATE trigger tg3 after delete on ord for each row update goods set goods_number=good_number+old.num where id=old.gid CREATE trigger tg4 after update on ord for each row update goods set goods_number=goods_number+old.num-new.num where id=old.gid
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講師介紹:

燕十八(PHP主講老師,在北京授課)
職 務:高級講師、企業培訓講師
        燕十八,原名劉道成,資深PHP工程師, 擁有多年PHP網站開發實際經驗,先後擔任過高級軟件開發工程師,項目經理.爲國內某大型旅行社開發過在線旅遊網站.熱衷於主流PHP框架和開源產品的研究,先後在國內數高校擔任PHP講師,mysql講師.講課風格:生動形象,於生活常見的事物中,把計算機的複雜概念講解清楚.言辭幽默,課堂氣氛輕鬆活潑.深得學生喜愛。
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