Centos 6.3 64bit 編譯LNMP環境

OS: Centos 6.3 64bit

一、目錄規劃：
#應用安裝目錄
/data/apps/
#web 網站目錄
/data/webapp/
#數據庫存放目錄
/data/db/
#應用庫
/data/lib/
#Shell 執行目錄
/data/shell/
# 軟件包
/data/src

二、安裝必要的組件
# yum install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel  ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel libtool  libtool-libs libevent-devel libevent openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libtool-ltdl libtool-ltdl-devel bison

三、準備必要的軟件源碼包
# cd /data/src
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.8.tar.gz
# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.4.23.tar.bz2
# wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
# wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
# wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
# wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.34.tar.gz
# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz

四、安裝CMake
MySQL5.5之後的版本安裝需要用CMake編譯，因此首先要先安裝CMake:

# cd /data/src
# tar zxf cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz
# cd cmake-2.8.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr
# make
# make install
# cd ..

五、安裝MySQL
tar xzf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

a.首先建立mysql用戶組及用戶:

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql

b.編譯安裝MySQL：

# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/apps/mysql/ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/db/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql/mysqld.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=ALL -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=yes -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/apps/mysql
# make
# make install

c.賦予MySQl權限：

# chmod +w /data/apps/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/apps/mysql

d.創建一系列的MySQL需要目錄：

# mkdir -p /data/db/mysql/data/
# mkdir -p /data/db/mysql/binlog/
# mkdir -p /data/db/mysql/relaylog/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/db/mysql/

e.以mysql賬號建立數據庫：

# /data/apps/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/data/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/db/mysql/data &

f.複製mysql的啓動腳本到/etc/init.d/目錄方便啓動：

# cd support-files
# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

配置數據庫啓動目錄：

# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

basedir=/data/apps/mysql
datadir=/data/db/mysql/data

g.複製配置文件

# cp my-medium.cnf /data/db/mysql/my.cnf
# cd ../../

h.配置文件
# vim /data/db/mysql/my.cnf

i.查看有否默認的配置my.cnf在etc目錄下，如果有默認的my.cnf文件在etc下啓動mysql裏會優先引用etc下的配置文件，所以要把/etc/my.cnf文件刪除或修個名字
# ll /etc/my.cnf
# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_bak


[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /data/apps/mysql
datadir = /data/db/mysql/data
log-error = /data/db/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data/db/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = innodb
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data/db/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data/db/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data/db/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data/db/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

log-slow-queries = /data/db/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 10

lower_case_table_name = 1

[mysqldump]
quick


j.配置啓動MySQL

# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

k.設置MySQL系統自動啓動，刪除空密碼賬號：

# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
# service mysqld start
# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password
mysql_password

l.刪除空root密碼

# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
# mysql> use mysql;
# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_password';
# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'mysql_password';
# mysql> delete from user where host='127.0.0.1' or host='::1' or host='localhost.localdomain';
# mysql>delete from user where password="";
# mysql>flush privileges;
# mysql>quit;

n.創建libmysqlclient軟鏈接

# ln -s /data/apps/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 (64位系統)
# ln -s /data/apps/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 (32位系統)

m.查看數據庫狀態

# /data/apps/mysql/binmysql -u root -p 'mysql_password'
# show full  processlist;
# show status;

至此MySQL編譯安裝完成。

六、安裝PHP所需要的一些庫

a.libiconv庫的編譯安裝：

# cd /data/src
# tar xzf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
# cd libiconv-1.14/
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make
# make install
# cd ..

b.libmcrypt庫的編譯安裝：

# cd /data/src
# tar xzf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# /sbin/ldconfig
# cd libltdl/
# ./configure -enable-ltdl-install
# make
# make install
# cd ../../

c.建立libmcrypt庫軟鏈接：

#64位系統
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.la
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
# ln -sf /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib64/libiconv.so.2
# ldconfig

#32位系統
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
# ln -sf /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2
# ldconfig

d. 編譯安裝mhash

# cd /data/src
# tar xzf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
# cd mhash-0.9.9.9
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ..

e.添加libmhash相關軟鏈接

#64位系統使用
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib64/libmhash.a
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib64/libmhash.la
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib64/libmhash.so
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib64/libmhash.so.2.0.1
# ldconfig

#32位系統使用
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
# ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

f.編譯安裝mcrypt:
# tar xzf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
# cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
# /sbin/ldconfig
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ..

七、安裝PHP

a.添加PHP依賴的軟鏈接(64位系統)

# ln -s /usr/lib64/libjpeg.so /usr/lib/libjpeg.so
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap.so /usr/lib/libldap.so
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib/libpng.so

b.(PHP-FPM)編譯安裝：

# tar xjf php-5.4.23.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.4.16
# ./configure -prefix=/data/apps/php --with-config-file-path=/data/apps/php/etc --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
# make install

c. 創建PHP的配置文件

# cp -f php.ini-production /data/apps/php/etc/php.ini
# cd ..

d.由於剛纔安裝的時候試用了without-pear參數沒有安裝PEAR（因爲直接安裝會報錯），現在我們再來補上：

# wget http://pear.php.net/go-pear.phar
# /data/apps/php/bin/php go-pear.phar

至此PHP的編譯安裝完畢。

八、安裝PHP的擴展模塊及配置PHP

接下來我們安裝一些PHP常用的模塊來優化系統：

a. 用pecl安裝memcache擴展庫：

# cd /data/apps/php/bin/
# ./pecl install memcache


b.用pecl安裝opcache擴展庫,目前還是bate版本：

# cd /data/apps/php/bin/
# ./pecl install zendopcache-beta

c.編輯PHP.ini配置文件添加擴展庫：

# vim /data/apps/php/etc/php.ini

#大約在870行添加擴展庫目錄

extension_dir="/data/apps/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/"

#添加擴展memcache庫

extension=memcache.so

#在文件末尾添加opcache庫擴展與配置，註冊opcache 要用 zend_extension 而且要全路徑

[opcache]
zend_extension=/data/apps/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/opcache.so
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1

#修改時間配置，找到  ;date.timezone = 修改爲：

date.timezone = PRC

#修改PHP的錯誤日誌，找到;error_log =

error_log = /data/apps/php/logs/error.log

d.建立PHP存放日誌的目錄：

# mkdir -p /data/apps/php/logs

e.建立php-fpm的配置文件：

# cd /data/apps/php/etc
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
# mkdir /data/apps/php/run
# vim /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

#然後在裏面寫入下面的內容：

[global]
pid = /data/apps/php/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /data/apps/php/logs/php-fpm.log
log_level = notice
emergency_restart_threshold = 10
emergency_restart_interval = 1m
process_control_timeout = 5s
daemonize = yes
[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.backlog = -1
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
user = www
group = www
listen.mode=0666
pm = static
pm.max_children = 32
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 1024

request_terminate_timeout = 0s
request_slowlog_timeout = 0s
slowlog = logs/slow.log
rlimit_files = 65535
rlimit_core = 0
chroot =
chdir =
catch_workers_output = yes
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

php_flag[display_errors] = off


f.然後我們添加www用戶組和帳號信息，以便後面的php-fpm和nginx能夠正常工作：

# groupadd www
# useradd -g www www

g.接下來，讓我們測試下php-fpm配置文件是否正確：

# /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

如果出現"NOTICE: configuration file /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful"字樣則表示配置正確。否則需要檢查配置文件。

九、安裝Nginx

a.首先我們創建網站存放的根目錄：

# mkdir -p /data/web/wwwroot

這裏可以根據需要建立你自己喜歡的Web根目錄地址，不過注意後面的配置文件相應地方需要做修改。第一次進行編譯操作或者初學者建議保持這裏的配置不改動，以便順利完成編譯安裝工作。

b.然後創建Nginx所需的日誌目錄並分配權限：

# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
# chmod +w /var/log/nginx
# chown -R www:www /var/log/nginx

c.然後編譯安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：

# cd /data/src
# tar xjf pcre-8.21.tar.bz2
# cd pcre-8.21/
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ..
# ln -s /lib/libpcre.so.0.0.1 /lib/libpcre.so.1

d.安裝所需的GD庫：
# yum install gd gd-devel

e.接下來，編譯安裝Nginx：
# cd /data/src
# tar xzf nginx-1.5.8.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.5.2/
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/data/apps/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module
# make
# make install
# cd ..

f.然後編輯Nginx的配置文件：

# vim /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# mkdir /data/apps/nginx/conf/vhosts

#將對應的內容改爲如下：

user www www;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /data/apps/nginx/logs/error.log crit;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        /data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  51200;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 20m;

    sendfile       on;
    tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers    4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.0;
    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";

    server_tokens off;

    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"'
    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
    '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /data/web/wwwroot;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
        try_files $uri = 404;
        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }

    location /status {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
    }


    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
        expires 30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
        expires 1h;
    }

    error_page  404              /404.html;

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /data/web/wwwroot;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
    }

    include /data/apps/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;
}

注意根據服務器的配置選擇不同的值。512M以下內存爲1~2；1G內存4；2G內存8；4G內存16，以此類推。

g.運行下面的命令測試Nginx的配置文件是否正確：

/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果出現下面提示的一種則表示配置文件無誤，否則需要做進一步修改：

nginx: the configuration file /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successf

h.這樣Nginx的安裝與配置也就完成。

十、設置開機啓動

編譯好了的軟件默認是不會開機自動啓動的，需要處理下以便實現開機自啓動。

a.首先是MySQL(在編譯MySQL已經添加)：

# chkconfig –add mysqld
# chkconfig –level 345 mysqld on

b.然後php-fpm和Nginx的啓動放到/etc/rc.local啓動文件中：

# vim /etc/rc.local

#在文件的末尾增加下面的內容：

# ulimit -SHn 65535
# /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm
# /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx

保存退出後即可。

至此，所有的編譯安裝工作都結束。讓我們啓動php-fpm和Nginx來做測試吧！（MySQL在上面已經啓動了）在控制檯裏面輸入下面命令：

# ulimit -SHn 65535
# /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm
# /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx

即可啓動php-fpm和nginx。

十一、各項服務的啓動與停止

1、MySQL：

啓動：# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
停止：# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
重啓：# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

2、php-fpm：

啓動：# /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm
停止：# killall php-fpm
php-fpm 關閉：
kill -INT `cat /data/apps/php/run/php-fpm.pid`
php-fpm 重啓：
kill -USR2 `cat /data/apps/php/run/php-fpm.pid`

查看php-fpm進程數：

ps aux | grep -c php-fpm

3、Nginx：

啓動：# /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止：# killall nginx
平滑重啓： # /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

如果你有更多的Linux知識，可以考慮將php-fpm和Nginx的啓動做成啓動腳本放在/etc/init.d/下。

十二、遇到的問題

在我編譯安裝的時候，Nginx在啓動之後報錯：

[emerg] 1552#2780: could not build the server_names_hash, you should increase server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32

網上查了一下資料，這個錯誤表示無法構建server_names_hash，應該增加server_names_hash_bucket_size的值。

解決辦法很簡單，在Nginx的配置文件的"http {"這一節加上下面的內容即可：

server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;

至此，全部的安裝和配置工作結束。