請尊重他人勞動成果，請勿隨意剽竊，轉載請註明，謝謝！轉載請註明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/evan_man/article/details/51684947

注意：使用ToolBar的話，一定要將當前Activity或者Application的Theme設置爲NoActionBar樣式，如<style name=”AppTheme” parent=”Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar”>,否則ActionBar和ToolBar兩者都會顯示，而且setSupportActionBar方法將會拋出異常，其實使用了ToolBar完全可以把ActionBar拋到一邊去，只是使用ToolBar就能完成所有ActionBar的功能。

ToolBar是在Android5.0中提出來的，ActionBar在Android3.0提出來的。ActionBar是系統爲我們創建一個View並顯示在應用的頂端，直接繼承自Object，因此我們如果要對這塊內容的視圖進行定製就需要嚴格按照ActionBar的方式進行工作。ToolBar是一個繼承自ViewGroup的控件，因此我們可以用ViewGroup的方式去創建任何我們想要的視圖內容，也可在佈局文件中寫入我們想要的內容，因此ToolBar比ActionBar更加靈活。同時ToolBar相對於ViewGroup的好處在於，提供了更多便捷的方法來控制顯示方式，這些方式主要是針對標題欄的特性而定製的，比如我們可以通過setTitle方法爲其設置標題。下圖是網上找的Toolbar提供的便捷方法所對應的修改的內容：

上圖對應方法有：toolbar.setTitle(“AndroidViewDemo”); 、toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.ac_toolbar_menu); 、toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new Toolbar.OnMenuItemClickListener() {…}等。

Toolbar與ActionBar一樣也支持對彈出菜單樣式的修改，只不過在將Toolbar單獨作爲控件使用的情況下不能像ActionBar那樣便捷地通過Theme來修改，Toolbar提供了一個setPopupTheme方法和對應的app.popupTheme屬性來設置彈出菜單的樣式。

標題欄本身就是一個特殊的View爲何不然View自己來處理呢？所以還是建議使用ToolBar的。如果你習慣了ActionBar那麼你也可以在創建完Toolbar之後通過setSupportActionBar方法將Toolbar設置爲當前Activity的ActionBar，之後的所有操作跟ActionBar都是一樣的了。

簡單使用：

一、編寫菜單欄佈局（標題欄右邊最多顯示三個Action，其餘則隱藏）

menu_main.xml

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<menu xmlns:android=“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
xmlns:app=“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto”>
<item
android:id=“@+id/menu_tool”
android:icon=“@drawable/toolbar1”
app:showAsAction=“ifRoom”
android:orderInCategory=“50”
android:title=“Tool”>
</item>
<item
android:id=“@+id/menu_finder”
android:icon=“@drawable/toolbar2”
app:showAsAction=“ifRoom”
android:orderInCategory=“10”
android:title=“Find”>
</item>
</menu>

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/menu_tool"
        android:icon="@drawable/toolbar1"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"
        android:orderInCategory="50"
        android:title="Tool">
    </item>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/menu_finder"
        android:icon="@drawable/toolbar2"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"
        android:orderInCategory="10"
        android:title="Find">
    </item>
</menu>

注意：

android:title=”XX”屬性用於設置當該item在overflow menu顯示時顯示的文字內容。app:showAsAction=”ifRoom” 用於設置在有足夠空間的情況下在toolbar中顯示Action的圖標。

二、main_activity.xml佈局文件中加入<Toolbar/>標籤

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<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android=“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
xmlns:app=“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto”
android:id=“@+id/toolbar”
android:layout_width=“match_parent”
android:layout_height=“wrap_content”
android:minHeight=“?attr/actionBarSize”
android:background=“?attr/colorPrimary”
app:contentInsetStart=“0dp”
app:contentInsetLeft=“0dp”
app:theme=“@style/MyToolBarTheme”
app:titleTextAppearance=“@style/Toolbar.TitleText”
>
<!–此處可以加你想要的View控件，如同LinearLayout類似的使用–>
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>
<!–android:contentInsertStart contentInsetLeft是沒有效果的不能保證控件靠近左邊顯示–>

<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/toolbar"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
    android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
    app:contentInsetStart="0dp"
    app:contentInsetLeft="0dp"
    app:theme="@style/MyToolBarTheme"
    app:titleTextAppearance="@style/Toolbar.TitleText"
    >
    <!--此處可以加你想要的View控件，如同LinearLayout類似的使用-->
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

<!--android:contentInsertStart  contentInsetLeft是沒有效果的不能保證控件靠近左邊顯示-->

ToolBar在此可以就看成一個普通的ViewGroup，因此它顯示的位置可以隨意設置，但是如果要模擬ActionBar的功能，則需要將其放置在視圖的最頂部。

三、Activity中獲取ToolBar控件並做相應設置

1、初始化

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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
toolbar = (Toolbar)findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.mipmap.back);
//設置標題欄左邊的圖標樣式，對應id爲android.id.home ，用於返回上一級目錄
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//將ToolBar對象設置爲當前Activity的ActionBar
}

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        toolbar = (Toolbar)findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.mipmap.back); 
        //設置標題欄左邊的圖標樣式，對應id爲android.id.home ，用於返回上一級目錄
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        //將ToolBar對象設置爲當前Activity的ActionBar
}

2、加載顯示Menu佈局，重寫Activity的onCreateOptionMenu方法

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@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
return true;
}

@Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
}

3、監聽標題欄中的點擊事件

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@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()){
case R.id.menu_finder:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,“touch finderItem”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
AndroidUtils.changeActivity(this,SearchActivity.class); //跳轉到搜索頁Activity
break;
case R.id.menu_tool:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,“touch toolItem”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
AndroidUtils.showPopupMenu(this,toolbar,R.menu.popmenu,new OnPopupMenuItemClickListener(this)); //彈出共享菜單
break;
case android.R.id.home:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,“touch up navigation”,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
AndroidUtils.backToParent(this); //返回上一級目錄
break;
default: return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
return true;
}
/**
* 彈出共享菜單
*/
public static void showPopupMenu(Context context,
View v,int menuResId, PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener onMenuItemClickListener,
PopupMenu.OnDismissListener onDismissListener,int gravity){
PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(context, v);
MenuInflater inflater = popup.getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(menuResId, popup.getMenu());
//利用反射顯示圖標
try {
Field field = popup.getClass().getDeclaredField(”mPopup”);
field.setAccessible(true);
MenuPopupHelper mHelper = (MenuPopupHelper) field.get(popup);
mHelper.setForceShowIcon(true);
} catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); }
popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(onMenuItemClickListener);
if(onDismissListener!=null) popup.setOnDismissListener(onDismissListener);
popup.setGravity(gravity);
popup.show();
}
/**
* 跳轉到父Activity
*/
public static void backToParent(Activity activity){
Intent upIntent = NavUtils.getParentActivityIntent(activity);
if(upIntent == null) {
activity.finish();
return;
}
if (NavUtils.shouldUpRecreateTask(activity, upIntent)) {
// This activity is NOT part of this app’s task, so create a new task
// when navigating up, with a synthesized back stack.
TaskStackBuilder.create(activity)
// Add all of this activity’s parents to the back stack
.addNextIntentWithParentStack(upIntent)
// Navigate up to the closest parent
.startActivities();
} else {
// This activity is part of this app’s task, so simply
// navigate up to the logical parent activity.
NavUtils.navigateUpTo(activity, upIntent);
}
}

@Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case R.id.menu_finder:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"touch finderItem",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                AndroidUtils.changeActivity(this,SearchActivity.class); //跳轉到搜索頁Activity
                break;
            case R.id.menu_tool:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"touch toolItem",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                AndroidUtils.showPopupMenu(this,toolbar,R.menu.popmenu,new OnPopupMenuItemClickListener(this)); //彈出共享菜單
                break;
            case android.R.id.home:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"touch up navigation",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                AndroidUtils.backToParent(this); //返回上一級目錄
                break;
            default: return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
        return true;
}
    /**
     * 彈出共享菜單
     */
     public static void showPopupMenu(Context context,
                                     View v,int menuResId, PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener onMenuItemClickListener,
                                     PopupMenu.OnDismissListener onDismissListener,int gravity){
        PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(context, v);
        MenuInflater inflater = popup.getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(menuResId, popup.getMenu());
        //利用反射顯示圖標
        try {
            Field field = popup.getClass().getDeclaredField("mPopup");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            MenuPopupHelper mHelper = (MenuPopupHelper) field.get(popup);
            mHelper.setForceShowIcon(true);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();   }
        popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(onMenuItemClickListener);
        if(onDismissListener!=null) popup.setOnDismissListener(onDismissListener);
        popup.setGravity(gravity);
        popup.show();
    }
    /**
     * 跳轉到父Activity
     */
    public static void backToParent(Activity activity){
        Intent upIntent = NavUtils.getParentActivityIntent(activity);
        if(upIntent == null) {
            activity.finish();
            return;
        }
        if (NavUtils.shouldUpRecreateTask(activity, upIntent)) {
            // This activity is NOT part of this app's task, so create a new task
            // when navigating up, with a synthesized back stack.
            TaskStackBuilder.create(activity)
                    // Add all of this activity's parents to the back stack
                    .addNextIntentWithParentStack(upIntent)
                            // Navigate up to the closest parent
                    .startActivities();
        } else {
            // This activity is part of this app's task, so simply
            // navigate up to the logical parent activity.
            NavUtils.navigateUpTo(activity, upIntent);
        }
    }

注意： NavUtils 類的靜態方法navigateUpFromSameTask()的效果是：finishes當前Activity並start或者resume其父Activity，如果父Activity在任務的返回棧中，那麼正常回退。注意該方法僅僅適用於噹噹前應用是當前任務的所有者時方可使用。如果當前應用不是當前任務的所有者時，需要建立一個新的返回棧，如果你Activity能夠接受其它應用通過Intent開啓你的Activity，那麼就需要注意這樣的處理，具體內容就是第三步的case android.R.id.home下面的內容。如果你期望回退到父Activity時，其還能保持原來的狀態，那麼父Activity可能需要設置啓動方式爲android:launchMode=”singleTop”。

（補充）四、Fragment中使用ToolBar

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@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// …
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
}
@Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar.
inflater.inflate(R.menu.my_menu, menu);
// …
}
@Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// handle item selection
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.my_item:
// Handle this selection
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

@Override  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    // ...
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);
}
@Override  public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) { 
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar.
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.my_menu, menu);  
    // ...
}
@Override  public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { 
   // handle item selection
   switch (item.getItemId()) {
      case R.id.my_item:
         // Handle this selection
         return true;
      default:
         return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
   }
}

可以發現Fragment除了第一步之外其它都是和Activity類似的。

（補充）五、ToolBar的Style設定

ToolBar的構造器中有如下一行語句：

final TintTypedArray a = TintTypedArray.obtainStyledAttributes(getContext(), null, R.styleable.Toolbar, R.attr.toolbarStyle, 0);方法底層會調用TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(null, R.styleable.Toolbar, R.attr.toolbarStyle, 0);即從主題中定義的toolbarStyle樣式文件中和主題直接定義的屬性中獲取到如下屬性：

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<declare-styleable name=“Toolbar”>
<attr format=“reference” name=“titleTextAppearance”/>
<attr format=“reference” name=“subtitleTextAppearance”/>
<attr name=“title”/>
<attr name=“subtitle”/>
<attr name=“android:gravity”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“titleMargins”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“titleMarginStart”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“titleMarginEnd”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“titleMarginTop”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“titleMarginBottom”/>
<attr name=“contentInsetStart”/>
<attr name=“contentInsetEnd”/>
<attr name=“contentInsetLeft”/>
<attr name=“contentInsetRight”/>
<attr format=“dimension” name=“maxButtonHeight”/>
<attr format=“reference” name=“collapseIcon”/>
<attr format=“string” name=“collapseContentDescription”/>
<attr name=“Theme”/> <!–這裏可以修改ToolBar除了PopupMenu的所有信息（如背景色：注意java代碼中的setBackgroundColor這個方法不要用存在bug！！！效果不好，使用這裏的background屬性進行設置）設置的值可以參考主題ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar–>
<attr name=“popupTheme”/> <!–這裏只能修改由ToolBar創建的彈出菜單，而對於自己通過創建PopupMenu對象顯示的只能通過對context設置對應的主題進行設置，設置的值可以參考ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light–>
<attr format=“reference” name=“navigationIcon”/>
<attr format=“string” name=“navigationContentDescription”/>
<attr name=“android:minHeight”/>
<attr name=“logo”/>
<attr format=“string” name=“logoDescription”/>
<attr format=“color” name=“titleTextColor”/>
<attr format=“color” name=“subtitleTextColor”/>
</declare-styleable>

<declare-styleable name="Toolbar">
    <attr format="reference" name="titleTextAppearance"/>
    <attr format="reference" name="subtitleTextAppearance"/>
    <attr name="title"/>
    <attr name="subtitle"/>
    <attr name="android:gravity"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="titleMargins"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="titleMarginStart"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="titleMarginEnd"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="titleMarginTop"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="titleMarginBottom"/>
    <attr name="contentInsetStart"/>
    <attr name="contentInsetEnd"/>
    <attr name="contentInsetLeft"/>
    <attr name="contentInsetRight"/>
    <attr format="dimension" name="maxButtonHeight"/>
    <attr format="reference" name="collapseIcon"/>
    <attr format="string" name="collapseContentDescription"/>
    <attr name="Theme"/> <!--這裏可以修改ToolBar除了PopupMenu的所有信息（如背景色：注意java代碼中的setBackgroundColor這個方法不要用存在bug！！！效果不好，使用這裏的background屬性進行設置） 設置的值可以參考主題ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar-->
    <attr name="popupTheme"/>  <!--這裏只能修改由ToolBar創建的彈出菜單，而對於自己通過創建PopupMenu對象顯示的只能通過對context設置對應的主題進行設置，設置的值可以參考ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light-->
    <attr format="reference" name="navigationIcon"/>
    <attr format="string" name="navigationContentDescription"/>
    <attr name="android:minHeight"/>
    <attr name="logo"/>
    <attr format="string" name="logoDescription"/>
    <attr format="color" name="titleTextColor"/>
    <attr format="color" name="subtitleTextColor"/>
</declare-styleable>

深入分析：

public class Toolbar extends ViewGroup

Toolbar()@Toolbar.class

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public Toolbar(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
// Need to use getContext() here so that we use the themed context
final TintTypedArray a = TintTypedArray.obtainStyledAttributes(getContext(), attrs, R.styleable.Toolbar, defStyleAttr, 0);
mTitleTextAppearance = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.Toolbar_titleTextAppearance, 0);
……//get操作
final CharSequence title = a.getText(R.styleable.Toolbar_title);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title)) {
setTitle(title);
}
final CharSequence subtitle = a.getText(R.styleable.Toolbar_subtitle);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subtitle)) {
setSubtitle(subtitle);
}
…..//set操作
}

public Toolbar(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        // Need to use getContext() here so that we use the themed context
        final TintTypedArray a = TintTypedArray.obtainStyledAttributes(getContext(), attrs,  R.styleable.Toolbar, defStyleAttr, 0); 
        mTitleTextAppearance = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.Toolbar_titleTextAppearance, 0);
        ......//get操作
        final CharSequence title = a.getText(R.styleable.Toolbar_title);
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(title)) {
            setTitle(title);
        }

        final CharSequence subtitle = a.getText(R.styleable.Toolbar_subtitle);
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subtitle)) {
            setSubtitle(subtitle);
        }
        .....//set操作
}

構造器除了調用ViewGroup的構造器之外，還會獲取當前View所屬Context的主題相關的屬性。

onMeasure()@Toolbar.class

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protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
int childState = 0;
………//note1
final int measuredWidth = ViewCompat.resolveSizeAndState(
Math.max(width, getSuggestedMinimumWidth()),
widthMeasureSpec, childState & ViewCompat.MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
final int measuredHeight = ViewCompat.resolveSizeAndState(
Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight()),
heightMeasureSpec, childState << ViewCompat.MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT);
setMeasuredDimension(measuredWidth, shouldCollapse() ? 0 : measuredHeight);
}

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int width = 0;
        int height = 0;
        int childState = 0;
        .........//note1
        final int measuredWidth = ViewCompat.resolveSizeAndState(
                Math.max(width, getSuggestedMinimumWidth()),
                widthMeasureSpec, childState & ViewCompat.MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
        final int measuredHeight = ViewCompat.resolveSizeAndState(
                Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight()),
                heightMeasureSpec, childState << ViewCompat.MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT);

        setMeasuredDimension(measuredWidth, shouldCollapse() ? 0 : measuredHeight);
}

1、根據Toolbar中子View設置當前Toolbar顯示高度寬度。

onLayout()@Toolbar.class

[cpp] view plain copy

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protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
final boolean isRtl = ViewCompat.getLayoutDirection(this) == ViewCompat.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL;
//Horizontal layout direction of this view is from Right to Left.
final int width = getWidth();
final int height = getHeight();
final int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
final int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
final int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
final int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
int left = paddingLeft;
int right = width - paddingRight;
….
if (shouldLayout(mNavButtonView)) {….}
if (shouldLayout(mCollapseButtonView)) {….}
if (shouldLayout(mMenuView)) {….}
….
addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.LEFT);
//ArrayList<View> mTempViews = new ArrayList<View>();
final int leftViewsCount = mTempViews.size();
for (int i = 0; i < leftViewsCount; i++) {
left = layoutChildLeft(mTempViews.get(i), left, collapsingMargins,
alignmentHeight);
}
addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.RIGHT);{…… }
addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL);{…… }
mTempViews.clear();
}

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        final boolean isRtl =  ViewCompat.getLayoutDirection(this) ==  ViewCompat.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL;
        //Horizontal layout direction of this view is from Right to Left.
        final int width = getWidth();
        final int height = getHeight();
        final int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
        final int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
        final int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
        final int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
        int left = paddingLeft;
        int right = width - paddingRight;
        ....
        if (shouldLayout(mNavButtonView)) {....}
        if (shouldLayout(mCollapseButtonView)) {....}
        if (shouldLayout(mMenuView)) {....}
        ....

       addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.LEFT);
        //ArrayList<View> mTempViews = new ArrayList<View>();
        final int leftViewsCount = mTempViews.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < leftViewsCount; i++) {
            left = layoutChildLeft(mTempViews.get(i), left, collapsingMargins,
                    alignmentHeight);
        }

        addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.RIGHT);{...... } 
        addCustomViewsWithGravity(mTempViews, Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL);{...... } 
        mTempViews.clear();
}

方法先對Toolbar中的導航欄、菜單欄、logo和標題等ActionBar中的屬性進行佈局。最後纔給自己的childView進行佈局。

Reference：http://blog.csdn.net/aigestudio/article/details/47090167

ToolBar使用詳解

簡單使用：

深入分析：

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