淺談struts2的缺點

 Struts2的缺點是在ajax結合開發時,無論後臺是否報錯(非ServletException),頁面中異步請求$.ajax都執行的是success對應的函數,即在$.ajax中定義的error:function(){ ... }失效了。這個缺點是由struts的錯誤處理機制導致的,下面進行詳細的說明。

先貼出Struts2中DefaultActionInvation的serviceAction方法,也是Struts2運行機制的核心方法

 public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,
                              ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

        Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

        // If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action
        ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);
        boolean nullStack = stack == null;
        if (nullStack) {
            ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();
            if (ctx != null) {
                stack = ctx.getValueStack();
            }
        }
        if (stack != null) {
            extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));
        }

        String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";
try {
            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
            String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();
            String name = mapping.getName();
            String method = mapping.getMethod();


            Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();
            ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(
                    namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);


            request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

            // if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!
            if (mapping.getResult() != null) {
                Result result = mapping.getResult();
                result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());
            } else {
                proxy.execute();
            }

            // If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request
            if (!nullStack) {
                request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);
            }
    } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
         // WW-2874 Only log error if in devMode
         if(devMode) {
                String reqStr = request.getRequestURI();
                if (request.getQueryString() != null) {
                    reqStr = reqStr + "?" + request.getQueryString();
                }
                LOG.error("Could not find action or result\n" + reqStr, e);
            }
         else {
                    if (LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
          LOG.warn("Could not find action or result", e);
                    }
         }
            sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);//產生錯誤的模板頁面,並返回到客戶端
} catch (Exception e) {
            sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);//產生錯誤的模板頁面,並返回到客戶端
        } finally {
            UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
        }
    }
由以上源代碼可知,由DefaultActionInvocation做的事情依次如下:

 1、創建ActionContext

 2、創建值棧

 3、創建ActionProxy

 4、執行ActionProxy中的攔截器的攔截方法

 5、執行Action的方法

 6、執行結果集(響應頁面或跳轉到另一個action)

上述4、 5、 6步中如果拋出配置信息錯誤(ConfigurationException)和非ServletException異常,則會在方法內部以try、

catch的方式自行處理,即以框架自定義的錯誤模板(response.getWriter.print)的方式響應頁面。

 雖然Servlet也是通過response響應錯誤頁面,struts並沒有沿用Servlet在相應錯誤頁面時設置響應狀態碼(成功200,錯誤則404

、405等),貼出Servlet的service方法源碼一部分如下:

  if(method.equals("GET"))
        {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if(lastModified == -1L)
            {
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else
            {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                if(ifModifiedSince < lastModified)
                {
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else
                {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else
        if(method.equals("HEAD"))
        {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else
        if(method.equals("POST"))
            doPost(req, resp);


protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
            resp.sendError(405, msg);
        else
            resp.sendError(400, msg);
    }

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
        if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
            resp.sendError(405, msg);
        else
            resp.sendError(400, msg);
    }

也就是說Servlet在響應頁面時,還設置了響應狀態碼,以供前臺ajax判斷服務器響應是否異常,從而調用$.ajax({})中

success和error(根據服務器的響應碼)指定的函數。這樣能夠給開發者發送有利的信號。而Struts2由於沒設置響應碼

這一步,因此即使後臺有(非ServletException)異常,$.ajax也會調用success對應的回調函數,data就是錯誤模板頁面。。

如此,相較於Servlet而言,在與ajax結合開發時,若後臺代碼出現異常,Struts2並不會在服務器控制檯報錯,前臺js也不能

根據服務器響應碼執行對應的回調函數。

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