centos 安裝 apache nginx php mariadb

1 安裝前準備
爲了安裝額外的擴展庫, 最好安裝EPEL額外源, 我的系統是centos7

rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

2 安裝 nginx

yum instal nginx

• 開啓nginx服務

systemctl start nginx

• 查看nginx狀態

systemctl status nginx

有如下信息表示服務正常開啓

Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-18 05:37:48 UTC; 19h ago

設置開啓啓動

systemctl enable nginx

• 開啓防火牆

firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent

查看下端口有沒打開

iptables -n -L

如果看到如下信息, 表示服務開啓正常

ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 ctstate NEW

3 安裝apache

yum install httpd

• 因爲nginx佔用了80端口, 給apache換個88端口

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 

將Listen 的端口改成 88
開啓apache服務

systemctl start httpd

查看apache狀態

systemctl status httpd

看到這個表明服務器開啓正常

Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-01-17 02:48:38 UTC; 1 day 23h ago

然後你就可以看到apache的歡迎頁面了.
設置開機啓動

systemctl enable httpd

3 安裝mariadb
mariadb是mysql的一個開源分支

yum install mariadb mariadb-server

開啓mariadb服務

systemctl start mariadb

查看服務器狀態

systemctl status mariadb

設置root密碼

mysql_secure_installation

按照提示設置就可以了, 沒什麼特別
然後重啓mariadb服務

systemctl restart mariadb

4 安裝 php 及其擴展

yum install -y php php-fpm php-cli php-apc php-mysql php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-magickwand php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mssql php-soap libjpeg* php-bcmath php-mhash php-pecl-memcache

安裝了一堆插件, 看自己想要增減

• 安裝完之後, apache可以直接解析php了, 主要是在 /etc/httpd/conf.d 多了php.conf的配置文件, 然後照例寫個測試

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

5 用php-fpm解析php

• 首先開啓php-fpm服務

systemctl start php-fpm

• 配置nginx

{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.foo.com;
    root /data/www/foo;
    index index.html index.php;

    location / {
        if(!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite . /index.php last;
        }
    }

    location ~\.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
    }

    location ~/.ht {
        deny all;
    }
    access_log /data/logs/foo.access.log;
}

使用 nginx -t, 發現出現如下錯誤

nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "if(!-e" in /etc/nginx/conf.d/foo.conf:9

度娘一下發現, if 和 ( 之間必須有個空格, oh, may god.
重新修改了一下

{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.foo.com;
    root /data/www/foo;
    index index.html index.php;

    location / {
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite . /index.php last;
        }
    }

    location ~\.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
    }

    location ~/.ht {
        deny all;
    }
    access_log /data/logs/foo.access.log;
}

重啓nginx, 沒再發現錯誤了, 打開網站, 竟然出現502 502 502

502 Bad Gateway

再次度娘, 發現很多都說連接數不夠的之類, 我網頁都沒打開過怎麼可能出現連接數的問題~~
直到找到這位仁兄的文章, 才明瞭, 再次感謝這個困擾我那麼舊的問題
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/jURRJf

竟然是yum安裝時, 只允許127.0.0.1的地址接入, 而轉發的是公網地址, 導致直接被deny, 可以通過日誌查看

tail -f /var/log/php-fpm/*.log

如果看不到錯誤信息, 還要修改配置www.conf, 將

catch_workers_output = yes

再看看錯誤信息

WARNING: [pool www] child 22741 said into stderr: "ERROR: Connection disallowed: IP address '172.16.9.59' has been dropped."

只要將配置文件www.conf中的

listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1

註銷或者改成你的公網ip即可

• 其實還可以配置php-fprm使用unix套接字來處理php, 這樣就可以避免了tcp的開銷, 只需將

listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

改成

listen = /run/php-fpm/php5-fpm.sock

還要更改nginx的配置文件

{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.foo.com;
    root /data/www/foo;
    index index.html index.php;

    location / {
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite . /index.php last;
        }
    }

    location ~\.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
    }

    location ~/.ht {
        deny all;
    }
    access_log /data/logs/foo.access.log;
}

據說nginx配置文件還可以精簡下, 嘗試下改成這樣

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.foo.com;
    index index.html index.php;
    root /data/www/foo;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
    }

    location ~.php$ {
        try_files $uri = 404;
        include fastcgi.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php5-fpm.sock;
    }

    location ~/.ht {
        deny all;
    }
    access_log /data/logs/foo.access.log;
}

是因爲fastcgi.conf已經包含了fastcgi_params裏面的所有配置, 而且還包含了

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

所以清爽了不少.