GDB远程调试技术

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1.       远程调试的意义

1、 软件只在特定机器环境下出错,可以通过远程调试来查找出错原因。

2、 与第三方合作,不方便提供代码,但是又必须解决在合作方机器上出现的特定bug

3、 嵌入式开发。

 

2.       注意事项

1 、要gdb 支持远程调试,则必须在远程机器上安装gdb server ,包含在gdb 源码中(缺省不安装gdb server ),需要另外编译安装。

2 、要求两边的gdb 版本必须一致。

3 、远程机器必须有目标程序,调试时需要通过gdb server 来启动目标程序。

4 、客户机(本地机器)必须有源码,否则debug 时无法跟踪符号。

5 、客户机和服务器的操作系统版本要兼容。

6 、编译时不能采用-g –O2 ,只能采用-g ,否则编译器会做优化,代码不一定按照正常顺序执行,对于远程调试造成一定困扰。

7

 

3.       安装步骤

1 、查看客户机和远程机器的gdb 版本:rpm -qa|grep gdbgdb -v

2 、下载gdb 源码(http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/ ), 我选择的是gdb-6.3.tar.gz

3 tar xvfz gdb-6.3.tar.gz

4 cd gdb-6.3

5 、如果机器上没有安装gdb ,则执行:./configure;make;make install ,否则进入下一步。

   建议还是都执行一下上面的命令。

如果不执行上面的配置和重新编译,则在曾经升级过gcc 的机器上会出现一些问题。

6 cd gdb;cd gdbserver

7 ./configure;make;make install

8

 

4.       调试步骤

1、 测试环境:公司外网机房,192.168.93.164 (客户机),192.168.93.165 (远程机,目标机器),操作系统Linux AS 4

2、 在远程机进入目标程序目录。

3、 在目标机(server) 启动程序 gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test, 设置信任的客户端机器和监听端口,并启动目标程序。

显示如下类似结果,表明gdbserver 启动成功:

[root@localhost test]# gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test

Process test created; pid = 19578

Listening on port 1100

4、 在客户端机器上进入源码目录,启动gdb 调试:gdb test

5、 连接到远程目标服务器:(gdb) target remote 192.168.93.165:1100

客户端会出现:

(gdb) target remote 192.168.93.165:1100

Remote debugging using 192.168.93.165:1100

0x007047c0 in ?? ()

   服务器端出现:

       Remote debugging from host 192.168.93.164

   这种情况表明远程调试的客户端和服务器正确建立连接,并准备开始远程调试。

   这一步比较关键。

6、 执行gdb 调试命令,跟本地调试基本一样。

7、 执行list 命令:

(gdb) list

1       #include <stdio.h>

2       int main( void )

3       {

4               int i=2;

5               int x, y;

6

7               x=(++i);

8               printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

9               x+=(++i);

10              printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

8、 执行其他命令:

(gdb) b 9

Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048636: file main.cpp, line 9.

(gdb) b 11

Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048647: file main.cpp, line 11.

(gdb) break 13

Breakpoint 3 at 0x8048658: file main.cpp, line 13.

(gdb) list 9,16

9               x+=(++i);

10              printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

11              x+=(++i);

12              printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

13              i=2;

14              y=(i++)+(i++)+(i++);

15              printf(" %d %d/n", i,y);

16

(gdb) b 16

Breakpoint 4 at 0x8048669: file main.cpp, line 16.

9、 调试断点:

(gdb) c

Continuing.

10、     服务器端(目标机器)上输出:

[root@localhost test]# gdbserver 192.168.93.164:1100 test

Process test created; pid = 13235

Listening on port 1100

Remote debugging from host 192.168.93.164

 3 3

 4 7

 5 12

 5 6

 

Child exited with retcode = 0

 

Child exited with status 0

GDBserver exiting

11、     特别注意必须使用ccontinue ,不能使用runr ,因为要调试远程的目标程序,不是运行本地的程序副本。

12、      

 

5.       附测试源代码

#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )

{

    int i=2;

    int x, y;

 

    x=(++i);

    printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

    x+=(++i);

    printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

    x+=(++i);

    printf(" %d %d/n", i,x);

    i=2;

    y=(i++)+(i++)+(i++);

    printf(" %d %d/n", i,y);

 

    return 0;

}

 

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