過濾器之Hibernate自動提交事務,並關閉會話

      最近我們學到的Hibernate中,有個對房屋信息的查詢功能。其中頁面的一句代碼如下:

   ${house.street.district.name}區${house.street.name},${house.floorage}平米<br /> 聯繫方式:${house.contact}

   以上寫法用EL顯示房屋的信息,但我們的DAO用Hibernate實現的時候,幾個相關的對象都要把lazy設置成false,不然就會出現會話已經關閉的錯誤。以下是House.hbm.xml原來的寫法:

  

        <many-to-one name="users" class="org.newboy.entity.Users" fetch="join" lazy="false">
            <column name="USER_ID" precision="7" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="houseType" class="org.newboy.entity.HouseType" fetch="select" lazy="false">
            <column name="TYPE_ID" precision="4" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="street" class="org.newboy.entity.Street" fetch="join" lazy="false">
            <column name="STREET_ID" precision="6" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>

因爲在訪問到house.street的時候,Hibernate還會再去查一次數據庫,而如果我們的DAO中的代碼如下:

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public List<House> getAllHouses() {
		Session session = super.getSession();
		List<House> houses = null;
		try {
			houses = session.createQuery("from House").list();
		} finally {
			session.close();
		}
		return houses;
	}

會話已經關閉,就會出現會話關閉的錯誤。當然還有一種做法就是不關閉會話,不過這不是一種解決的辦法。

雖然以後我們會學到Spring有更好的解決方法,但今天如果只用Hibernate的話,我們自己有沒有辦法去解決這個問題,就是讓會話在請求結束後才關閉。這樣也就不用把lazy設置成false了。於是就有了下面的過濾器的實現:


package org.newboy.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.newboy.utils.HibernateUtils;

/**
 * 用於進行Hibernate事務處理的Servlet過濾器
 * 
 * @author LiuBo
 */
public class HibernateFilter implements Filter {
	private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HibernateFilter.class);

	/**
	 * 過濾器的主要方法 用於實現Hibernate事務的開始和提交
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {

		Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

		try {
			// 開始一個新的事務
			log.info("Starting a database transaction");
			tx.begin();
			log.info("Request Path:\t" + ((HttpServletRequest) request).getServletPath());

			// Call the next filter (continue request processing)
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			// 提交事務
			log.info("Committing the database transaction");
			
			tx.commit();

		} catch (Throwable ex) {
			ex.printStackTrace();
			try {
				// 回滾事務
				log.info("Trying to rollback database transaction after exception");
				tx.rollback();
			} catch (Throwable rbEx) {
				log.error("Could not rollback transaction after exception!", rbEx);
			}
			// 拋出異常
			throw new ServletException(ex);
		} finally {
			log.info("session closed");
			HibernateUtils.closeSession();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Servlet過濾器的初始化方法 可以讀取配置文件中設置的配置參數
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
	}

	/**
	 * Servlet的銷燬方法 用於釋放過濾器所申請的資源
	 */
	public void destroy() {
	}
}


在web.xml中配置如下:

	<filter>
		<description>事務的過濾器</description>
		<filter-name>HibernateFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.newboy.servlet.HibernateFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>HibernateFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

這樣我們的DAO就可以這樣寫:

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public List<House> getAllHouses() {
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
		List<House> houses = session.createQuery("from House").list();
		return houses;
	}

不用關閉會話,而House.hbm.xml就變成:

       <many-to-one name="users" class="org.newboy.entity.Users">
            <column name="USER_ID" precision="7" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="houseType" class="org.newboy.entity.HouseType">
            <column name="TYPE_ID" precision="4" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>
        <many-to-one name="street" class="org.newboy.entity.Street">
            <column name="STREET_ID" precision="6" scale="0" />
        </many-to-one>

沒有了lazy那項。

其中HibernateUtils的代碼基本上是MyEclipse自動產生的。只是我把它漢化了。呵呵:

package org.newboy.utils;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * 配置Hibernate工具,對會話工廠和會話進行操作
 */
public class HibernateUtils {

	private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
	private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
	private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
	private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;

	static {
		try {
			configuration.configure(configFile);
			sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println("會話工廠創建失敗");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/*
	 * 私有的構造方法
	 */
	private HibernateUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 得到一個線程安全的實例
	 * 
	 * @return Session
	 * @throws HibernateException
	 */
	public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
		Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
		if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
			if (sessionFactory == null) {
				rebuildSessionFactory();
			}
			session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession() : null;
			threadLocal.set(session);
		}
		return session;
	}

	/**
	 * 重新建立會話工廠
	 */
	public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
		try {
			configuration.configure(configFile);
			sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println("會話工廠創建失敗");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 關閉單個會話實例.
	 * 
	 * @throws HibernateException
	 */
	public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
		Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
		threadLocal.set(null);

		if (session != null) {
			session.close();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 返回會話工廠實例
	 */
	public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		return sessionFactory;
	}

	/**
	 * 設置配置文件
	 */
	public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
		HibernateUtils.configFile = configFile;
		sessionFactory = null;
	}

	/**
	 * 返回配置對象
	 */
	public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
		return configuration;
	}

}

這樣每次用戶請求就會打開會話和事務,請求結束就提交事務,並關閉會話。解決了上面的問題。


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