Mongodb新增的聚合方法及其Java客戶端

Aggregation Framework Reference¶

http://cn.docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/aggregation/#aggregation-framework-reference

Java Driver and Aggregation Framework¶

http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tutorial/use-aggregation-framework-with-java-driver/

Let’s use a simple example to demonstrate how the aggregation helper works. Suppose I am using MongoDB to store my employee’s travel expenses. I’ve created a collection named expenses, which store individual expenses by employee and by department. Here’s a sample document:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("503d5024ff9038cdbfcc9da4"), 
"employee" : 61, 
"department" : "Sales", 
"amount" : 77, 
"type" : "airfare" }

I am auditing three departments: Sales, Engineering and Human Resources. I want to calculate each department’s average spend on airfare. I’d like to use the Aggregation Framework for the audit, so I think of the operation in terms of a pipeline:

1. Operation: Match documents where type = "airfare"; then pipe into
2. Operation: Pass only the department and the amount fields through the pipeline; then pipe into
3. Operation: Average the expense amount, grouped by department.

I will use the aggregation operators $match, $project and $group to perform each operation. Individual aggregation operations can be expressed as JSON objects, so I can think of my pipeline in JSON as:

1. First operation:

   $match: { type: "airfare"}

2. Piped into:

   $project: { department: 1, amount: 1 }

3. Piped into:

   $group: { _id: "$department", average: { $avg: "$amount" } }

   也就是說，運行以下命令：

   db.expenses.aggregate({
   $match:{type: "airfare"}
   $project:{_id:0,department: 1, amount: 1}
   $group:{_id: "$department", average: { $avg: "$amount" }}
   })

   Java 實現：

   // create our pipeline operations, first with the $match 
   DBObject match = new BasicDBObject("$match", new BasicDBObject("type","airfare") ); 

     // build the $projection operation 
   DBObject fields = new BasicDBObject("department", 1); fields.put("amount",1); 
   fields.put("_id", 0); 
   DBObject project = new BasicDBObject("$project", fields ); 

   // Now the $group operation 
   DBObject groupFields = new BasicDBObject( "_id", "$department");groupFields.put("average", new BasicDBObject( "$avg", "$amount"));DBObject group = new BasicDBObject("$group", groupFields); 

   // run aggregation 
   AggregationOutput output = collection.aggregate( match, project, group );

   
   Aggregations are executed as database commands in MongoDB. These commands embed the results of the aggregation task in an object that also contains additional information about how the command was executed. The return value of aggregate() is an instance of the AggregationOutput class, which provides assessors to this information.
   
   

   public Iterable<DBObject> results() 
   public CommandResult getCommandResult 
   public DBObject getCommand()

   Let’s take a look at the results of my audit:

   System.out.println(output.getCommandResult());

   { "serverUsed" : "/127.0.0.1:27017" ,
    "result" : 
   [ {"_id" : "Human Resources","average": 74.91735537190083},
    {"_id" : "Sales" , "average" : 72.30275229357798},
    {"_id" : "Engineering" , "average" : 74.1} ],
    "ok" : 1.0 }