1.
OC:objective-c:面向對象的c
面向對象:把事務的過程分解到對象,強調對象的行爲;
面向過程:強調解決問題的步驟,強調業務邏輯;
把大象關進冰箱:
1:冰箱門打開
2:把大象塞進去
3:把冰箱門關上 ----->強調解決問題的一個過程;面向過程
面向對象:
冰箱:開門,存儲,關門三個功能;
人類社會是面向對象的;只是確定框架,但是具體行爲是對象個體調用;
什麼是對象,類
類:人類,可以看成是數據類型--->具有相同特徵的事務的抽象;
對象:可以看成是由數據類型創建的變量;例如喬布斯就是對象;強調個體;
類: 人類, 貓, 同學,
對象:喬布斯,我家的那隻黑貓,小李子,
封裝:
函數:功能性代碼的封裝;
結構體:數據類型的封裝;
類:數據類型+函數;
狗類:
數據類型:char name[]; float weight; int age;
函數(行爲): bark;撒歡;吃;
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
/*
和include的區別:
import包含的頭文件不需要條件編譯,保證只導入一次;
Foundation/Foundation.h 框架主頭文件,包含了常用的數據類型和處理方法;
*/
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool//自動釋放資源池
{
// insert code here...
NSLog(@"Hello, World!");//是一個打印函數;包含執行時間,工程名;會自動換行;
//@表示對象;
//@"Hello, World!"表示字符串對象;
NSLog(@"i am in class %d",1518);
}
return 0;//return要在池子外面;
}2.
/*
需求:描述狗
屬性:名字,年齡,重量
行爲:跑,叫,吃
*/
@interface Dog : NSObject
{
NSString *_name;//char name[20] 成員變量加 _ 和普通的局部變量區分; _name 字符串對象,定義對象前面加 *
int _age;
float _weight;
}
-(void)bark;
@end
//描述類的行爲;
//@implementation <#class#>//類名
//
//<#methods#>//函數方法
//
//@end
/*
void dogBark()
{
printf("won won...")
}
*/
@implementation Dog
-(void)bark//類型加(). -表示對象方法,表示對象來調用;
{
NSLog(@"won . won...");
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool
{
//Dog是個類,數據類型,定義一個變量
Dog *xiaohua = [[Dog alloc]init];
/*
xiaohua是個對象,是個棧裏的局部變量
*表示指針標識
Dog alloc 表示去堆裏面申請 Dog這個類型需要的內存;並清零
init 表示初始化;調用根類的初始化
*/
[xiaohua bark];
/*
在對象中調用函數:[對象指針 對象方法]
[接收者 消息]
*/
}
return 0;
}3.
重構方法;
#import "Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
-(void)bark;
{
NSLog(@"won.won...");
}
//傳入參數;
// - 表示對象方法; 對象的成員方法是可以直接訪問對象的成員變量;
//成員變量的設置函數 setter 函數遵循駝峯式命名; set+成員變量名;
//成員變量的獲取函數 getter:一般和成員變量同名,把前面_去掉;
-(NSString *)name
{
return _name;
}
//setAge
-(void)setAge:(int)newAge
{
_age = newAge;
}
-(int)age
{
return _age;
}
-(void)setWeight:(float)newWeight
{
_weight = newWeight;
}
-(float)weight
{
return _weight;
}
//函數名 -(void)setName:
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newName
{
_name = newName;
//_name 表示成員變量
}
//同時設置名字和年齡
//函數名 -(void)setName: andAge:
// : 前面相當於提示標籤
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(int) newAge
{
_name = newName;
_age = newAge;
}
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(int) newAge andWeight:(float) newWeight
{
_name = newName;
_age = newAge;
_weight = newWeight;
}
-(void)show
{
NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%d,weight:%f",_name,_age,_weight);
}
@end
函數申明;#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Dog : NSObject
{
NSString *_name;
int _age;
float _weight;
}
-(void)bark;
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newname;
-(NSString *)name;
-(void)setAge:(int)newAge;
-(int)age;
-(void)setWeight:(float)newWeight;
-(float)weight;
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(int) newAge;
-(void)setName:(NSString *)newName andAge:(int) newAge andWeight:(float) newWeight;
-(void)show;
@endmain函數;#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
//新建類:cmd+n osx->cocoa class -->生成interface,implementation;
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool
{
Dog *xiaohua = [[Dog alloc]init];
[xiaohua bark];
[xiaohua setName:@"xiaohua"];
// [xiaohua name];獲取名字
NSLog(@"Dog name:%@",[xiaohua name]);
[xiaohua setAge:1];
NSLog(@"my age is %d",[xiaohua age]);
[xiaohua setWeight:8.8];
NSLog(@"my weight is %f",[xiaohua weight]);
[xiaohua setName:@"wangcai" andAge:3];
NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%d",[xiaohua name],[xiaohua age]);
[xiaohua setName:@"mad" andAge:6 andWeight:4.6];
NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%d,weight:%f",[xiaohua name],[xiaohua age],[xiaohua weight]);
[xiaohua show];
}
return 0;
}
4.構造方法
方法實現:#import "Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
-(id)init//重寫初始化函數(構造函數),不需要申明;是對象方法,對象來調用的時候,只調用重寫的函數;
//id 是個任意對象類型的指針 相當於c中的void *
{
//self 指向當前對象的指針;
//super 是父類,表示調用父類的方法;
//[super init] 表示調用父類的初始化,成功返回非空,失敗返回空;只有調用父類的初始化,才能正確初始化對象;
if(self = [super init])
{
//給成員變量一個默認的值;
_name = @"一個普通的小狗";
_age = 1;
_weight = 1.11;
}
return self;//self 的類型是Dog *
}
//構造函數,必須以init開頭用initWithXXXXX
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name
{
if(self = [super init])
{
_name = name;
_age = 1;
_weight = 1.11;
}
return self;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age
{
if(self = [super init])
{
_name = name;
_age = age;
_weight = 1.22;
}
return self ;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age andWeight:(float)weight
{
if(self = [super init])
{
_name = name;
_age = age;
_weight = weight;
}
return self ;
}
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
_name = name;
}
-(NSString *)name
{
return _name;
}
-(void)show
{
NSLog(@"name:%@,age:%d,weight:%f",_name,_age,_weight);
}
//+表示類方法,類才能調用類方法;
+(void)test
{
NSLog(@"類方法");
Dog *xiaobai = [[Dog alloc]initWithName:@"xiaobai" andAge:2 andWeight:5.7];
[xiaobai show];
}
@end
函數申明:#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Dog : NSObject
{
NSString *_name;
int _age;
float _weight;
}
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name;
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age;
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age andWeight:(float)weight;
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name;
-(NSString *)name;
-(void)show;
+(void)test;
@endmain函數:#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool
{
//[Dog alloc]結果是個Dog *
// Dog *wangcai = [[Dog alloc]init];
Dog *wangcai = [Dog alloc];
wangcai = [wangcai init];
/*
init NSObject 也有提供這個接口
如果我們自己沒有實現這個接口,就調用NSObject的init接口;
*/
[wangcai show];
[wangcai setName:@"哮天犬"];
// NSLog(@"name:%@",[wangcai name]);
[wangcai show];
Dog *snoopy = [[Dog alloc]initWithName:@"snoopy"];
[snoopy show];
Dog *bug = [[Dog alloc]initWithName:@"bug" andAge:5];
[bug show];
Dog *snow = [[Dog alloc]initWithName:@"snow" andAge:3 andWeight:4.6];
//alloc 是申請空間;init 是初始化,原則上是隻能調用一次;
[snow show];
Dog *xiaoq = [Dog new];//[[Dog alloc]init] 不能調用定製的帶參的構造函數
[xiaoq show];
//類方法[類 方法]
[Dog test];
}
return 0;
}