android6.0源碼分析之Camera API2.0下的Capture流程分析

前面對Camera2的初始化以及預覽的相關流程進行了詳細分析，本文將會對Camera2的capture(拍照)流程進行分析。

前面分析preview的時候，當預覽成功後，會使能ShutterButton，即可以進行拍照，定位到ShutterButton的監聽事件爲onShutterButtonClick方法：

//CaptureModule.java
@Override
public void onShutterButtonClick() {
    //Camera未打開
    if (mCamera == null) {
        return;
    }

    int countDownDuration = mSettingsManager.getInteger(SettingsManager
        .SCOPE_GLOBAL,Keys.KEY_COUNTDOWN_DURATION);
    if (countDownDuration > 0) {
        // 開始倒計時
        mAppController.getCameraAppUI().transitionToCancel();
        mAppController.getCameraAppUI().hideModeOptions();
        mUI.setCountdownFinishedListener(this);
        mUI.startCountdown(countDownDuration);
        // Will take picture later via listener callback.
    } else {
        //即刻拍照
        takePictureNow();
    }
}

首先，讀取Camera的配置，判斷配置是否需要延時拍照，此處分析不需延時的情況，即調用takePictureNow方法：

//CaptureModule.java
private void takePictureNow() {
    if (mCamera == null) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Not taking picture since Camera is closed.");
        return;
    }
    //創建Capture會話並開啓會話
    CaptureSession session = createAndStartCaptureSession();
    //獲取Camera的方向
    int orientation = mAppController.getOrientationManager()
        .getDeviceOrientation().getDegrees();
    //初始化圖片參數
    PhotoCaptureParameters params = new PhotoCaptureParameters(
            session.getTitle(), orientation, session.getLocation(),
            mContext.getExternalCacheDir(), this, mPictureSaverCallback,
            mHeadingSensor.getCurrentHeading(), mZoomValue, 0);
    //裝配Session
    decorateSessionAtCaptureTime(session);
    //拍照
    mCamera.takePicture(params, session);
}

它首先調用createAndStartCaptureSession來創建一個CaptureSession並且啓動會話,這裏並且會進行初始參數的設置，譬如設置CaptureModule(此處實參爲this)爲圖片處理的回調(後面再分析)：

//CaptureModule.java
private CaptureSession createAndStartCaptureSession() {
    //獲取會話時間
    long sessionTime = getSessionTime();
    //當前位置
    Location location = mLocationManager.getCurrentLocation();
    //設置picture name
    String title = CameraUtil.instance().createJpegName(sessionTime);
    //創建會話
    CaptureSession session = getServices().getCaptureSessionManager()
           .createNewSession(title, sessionTime, location);
    //開啓會話
    session.startEmpty(new CaptureStats(mHdrPlusEnabled),new Size(
        (int) mPreviewArea.width(), (int) mPreviewArea.height()));
    return session;
}

首先，獲取會話的相關參數，包括會話時間，拍照的照片名字以及位置信息等，然後調用Session管理來創建CaptureSession，最後將此CaptureSession啓動。到這裏，會話就創建並啓動了，所以接着分析上面的拍照流程，它會調用OneCameraImpl的takePicture方法來進行拍照：

//OneCameraImpl.java
@Override
public void takePicture(final PhotoCaptureParameters params, final CaptureSession session) {
    ...
    // 除非拍照已經返回，否則就廣播一個未準備好狀態的廣播，即等待本次拍照結束
    broadcastReadyState(false);
    //創建一個線程
    mTakePictureRunnable = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //拍照
            takePictureNow(params, session);
        }
    };
    //設置回調，此回調後面將分析，它其實就是CaptureModule,它實現了PictureCallback
    mLastPictureCallback = params.callback;
    mTakePictureStartMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();

    //如果需要自動聚焦
    if (mLastResultAFState == AutoFocusState.ACTIVE_SCAN) {
        mTakePictureWhenLensIsStopped = true;
    } else {
        //拍照
        takePictureNow(params, session);
    }
}

在拍照裏，首先廣播一個未準備好的狀態廣播，然後進行拍照的回調設置，並且判斷是否有自動聚焦，如果是則將mTakePictureWhenLensIsStopped 設爲ture，即即刻拍照被停止了，否則則調用OneCameraImpl的takePictureNow方法來發起拍照請求：

//OneCameraImpl.java
public void takePictureNow(PhotoCaptureParameters params, CaptureSession 
        session) {
    long dt = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - mTakePictureStartMillis;
    try {
        // 構造JPEG圖片拍照的請求
        CaptureRequest.Builder builder = mDevice.createCaptureRequest(
            CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
        builder.setTag(RequestTag.CAPTURE);
        addBaselineCaptureKeysToRequest(builder);

        // Enable lens-shading correction for even better DNGs.
        if (sCaptureImageFormat == ImageFormat.RAW_SENSOR) {
            builder.set(CaptureRequest.STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE,
                CaptureRequest.STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE_ON);
        } else if (sCaptureImageFormat == ImageFormat.JPEG) {
            builder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_QUALITY, JPEG_QUALITY);
                .getJpegRotation(params.orientation, mCharacteristics));
        }
        //用於preview的控件
        builder.addTarget(mPreviewSurface);
        //用於圖片顯示的控件
        builder.addTarget(mCaptureImageReader.getSurface());
        CaptureRequest request = builder.build();

        if (DEBUG_WRITE_CAPTURE_DATA) {
            final String debugDataDir = makeDebugDir(params.debugDataFolder,
                        "normal_capture_debug");
            Log.i(TAG, "Writing capture data to: " + debugDataDir);
            CaptureDataSerializer.toFile("Normal Capture", request, 
                new File(debugDataDir,"capture.txt"));
        }
        //拍照，mCaptureCallback爲回調
        mCaptureSession.capture(request, mCaptureCallback, mCameraHandler);
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Could not access camera for still image capture.");
        broadcastReadyState(true);
        params.callback.onPictureTakingFailed();
        return;
    }
    synchronized (mCaptureQueue) {
        mCaptureQueue.add(new InFlightCapture(params, session));
    }
}

與preview類似，都是通過CaptureRequest來與Camera進行通信的，通過session的capture來進行拍照，並設置拍照的回調函數爲mCaptureCallback：

//CameraCaptureSessionImpl.java
@Override
public synchronized int capture(CaptureRequest request,CaptureCallback callback,Handler handler)throws CameraAccessException{
    ...
    handler = checkHandler(handler,callback);
    return addPendingSequence(mDeviceImpl.capture(request,createCaptureCallbackProxy(
        handler,callback),mDeviceHandler));
}

代碼與preview中的類似，都是將請求加入到待處理的請求集，現在看CaptureCallback回調：

//OneCameraImpl.java
private final CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback mCaptureCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback(){
    @Override
    public void onCaptureStarted(CameraCaptureSession session,CaptureRequest request,long 
            timestamp,long frameNumber){
　　　　　//與preview類似
        if(request.getTag() == RequestTag.CAPTURE&&mLastPictureCallback!=null){
            mLastPictureCallback.onQuickExpose();
        }
    }
    ...
    @Override
    public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session,CaptureRequest request
            ,TotalCaptureResult result){
        autofocusStateChangeDispatcher(result);
        if(result.get(CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE) == null){
　　　　　　　//檢查自動聚焦的狀態
            AutoFocusHelper.checkControlAfState(result);
        }
        ...
        if(request.getTag() == RequestTag.CAPTURE){
            synchronized(mCaptureQueue){
                if(mCaptureQueue.getFirst().setCaptureResult(result).isCaptureComplete()){
                    capture = mCaptureQueue.removeFirst();
                }
            }
            if(capture != null){
　　　　　　　　　//拍照結束
                OneCameraImpl.this.onCaptureCompleted(capture);
            }
        }
        super.onCaptureCompleted(session,request,result);
    }
    ...
}

這是Native層在處理請求時，會調用相應的回調，如capture開始時，會回調onCaptureStarted,具體的在preview中有過分析，當拍照結束時，會回調onCaptureCompleted方法，其中會根據CaptureResult來檢查自動聚焦的狀態，並通過TAG判斷其是Capture動作時，再來看它是否是隊列中的第一個請求，如果是，則將請求移除，因爲請求已經處理成功，最後再調用OneCameraImpl的onCaptureCompleted方法來進行處理：

//OneCameraImpl.java
private void onCaptureCompleted(InFlightCapture capture){
    if(isCaptureImageFormat == ImageFormat.RAW_SENSOR){
        ...
        File dngFile = new File(RAW_DIRECTORY,capture.session.getTitle()+".dng");
        writeDngBytesAndClose(capture.image,capture.totalCaptureResult,mCharacteristics,dngFile);
    }else{
        //解析result中的圖片數據
        byte[] imageBytes = acquireJpegBytesAndClose(capture.image);
        //保存Jpeg圖片
        saveJpegPicture(imageBytes,capture.parameters,capture.session,capture.totalCaptureResult);
    }
    broadcastReadyState(true);
    //調用回調
    capture.parameters.callback.onPictureTaken(capture.session);
}

如代碼所示，首先，對result中的圖片數據進行了解析，然後調用saveJpegPicture方法將解析得到的圖片數據進行保存，最後再調用裏面的回調(即CaptureModule，前面在初始化Parameters時說明了，它實現了PictureCallbak接口)的onPictureTaken方法，所以，接下來先分析saveJpegPicture方法：

//OneCameraImpl.java
private void saveJpegPicture(byte[] jpegData,final PhotoCaptureParameters captureParams,CaptureSession session,CaptureResult result){
    ...
    ListenableFuture<Optional<Uri>> futureUri = session.saveAndFinish(jpegData,width,
            height,rotation,exif);
    Futures.addCallback(futureUri,new FutureCallback<Optional<Uri>>(){
        @Override
        public void onSuccess(Optional<Uri> uriOptional){
            captureParams.callback.onPictureSaved(mOptional.orNull());
        }

        @Override
        public void onFailure(Throwable throwable){
            captureParams.callback.onPictureSaved(null);
        }
    });
}

它最後會回調onPictureSaved方法來對圖片進行保存，所以需要分析CaptureModule的onPictureSaved方法：

//CaptureModule.java
@Override
public void onPictureSaved(Uri uri){
    mAppController.notifyNewMedia(uri);
}

mAppController的實現爲CameraActivity，所以分析notifyNewMedia方法：

//CameraActivity.java
@Override
public void notifyNewMedia(Uri uri){
    ...
    if(FilmstripItemUtils.isMimeTypeVideo(mimeType)){
　　　　//如果拍攝的是video
        sendBroadcast(new Intent(CameraUtil.ACTION_NEW_VIDEO,uri));
        newData = mVideoItemFactory.queryContentUri(uri);
        ...
    }else if(FilmstripItemUtils.isMimeTypeImage(mimeType)){
　　　　//如果是拍攝圖片
        CameraUtil.broadcastNewPicture(mAppContext,uri);
        newData = mPhotoItemFactory.queryCotentUri(uri);
        ...
    }else{
        return;
    }
    new AsyncTask<FilmstripItem,Void,FilmstripItem>(){
        @Override
        protected FilmstripItem doInBackground(FilmstripItem... Params){
            FilmstripItem data = params[0];
            MetadataLoader.loadMetadata(getAndroidContet(),data);
            return data;
        }
        ...
    }
}

由代碼可知，這裏有兩種數據的處理，一種是video，另一種是image。而我們這裏分析的是capture圖片數據，所以首先會根據在回調函數傳入的參數Uri和PhotoItemFactory來查詢到相應的拍照數據，然後再開啓一個異步的Task來對此數據進行處理，即通過MetadataLoader的loadMetadata來加載數據，並返回。至此，capture的流程就基本分析結束了，下面將給出capture流程的整個過程中的時序圖：

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