1、数据结构基本上就是——它们是可以处理一些 数据 的 结构 。或者说，它们是用来存储一组相 关数据的。
列表
list是处理一组有序项目的数据结构，即你可以在一个列表中存储一个 序列 的项目。假想你有 一个购物列表，上面记载着你要买的东西，你就容易理解列表了。只不过在你的购物表上，可 能每样东西都独自占有一行，而在Python中，你在每个项目之间用逗号分割。
>>> shoplist=["apple","mango","banner"]
>>> print ('I have',len(shoplist),'items to puchase')
I have 3 items to puchase
>>> print ('These items are:')
These items are:
>>> for item in shoplist:
...
... print (item),
...
apple
(None,)
mango
(None,)
banner
(None,)
>>> print ('\n also have to buy rice')
also have to buy rice
>>> shoplist.append('rice')
>>> print ('My shopping list is now',shoplist)
My shopping list is now ['apple', 'mango', 'banner', 'rice']
>>> print ('I will sort my list now')
I will sort my list now
>>> shoplist.sort()
>>> print ("SORTED SHHOPPING LIST IS:",shoplist)
SORTED SHHOPPING LIST IS: ['apple', 'banner', 'mango', 'rice']
>>> print ('The first item i will buy is',shoplist[0])
The first item i will buy is apple
>>> olditem=shoplist[0]
>>> del shoplist[0]
>>> print ("I bought the:"olditem)
File "<stdin>", line 1
print ("I bought the:"olditem)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> print ("I bought the:",olditem)
I bought the: apple
>>> ptint ("Myshopping list is now",shoplist)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'ptint' is not defined
>>> print ("Myshopping list is now",shoplist)
Myshopping list is now ['banner', 'mango', 'rice']
>>> 元组
元组和列表十分类似，只不过元组和字符串一样是 不可变的 即你不能修改元组。元组通过圆 括号中用逗号分割的项目定义。元组通常用在使语句或用户定义的函数能够安全地采用一组值 的时候，即被使用的元组的值不会改变。
>>> zoo=('woolf','elephant','penguin')
>>> print ('number of animals in the zoo is',len(zoo))
number of animals in the zoo is 3
>>> new zoo=("monkey","dolphin",zoo)
File "<stdin>", line 1
new zoo=("monkey","dolphin",zoo)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> new_zoo=("monkey","dolphin",zoo)
>>> print ("Numner of animals in new zoo are",new_zoo)
Numner of animals in new zoo are ('monkey', 'dolphin', ('woolf', 'elephant', 'penguin'))
>>> print ("All animals in new zoo are",len(new_zoo))
All animals in new zoo are 3
>>> print ("Animals brought form old zoo are",new_zoo[2])
Animals brought form old zoo are ('woolf', 'elephant', 'penguin')
>>> print ("last animal brought from old zoo is",new_zoo[2][2])
last animal brought from old zoo is penguin
>>> 字典
字典类似于你通过联系人名字查找地址和联系人详细情况的地址簿，即，我们把键(名字)和
值(详细情况)联系在一起。注意，键必须是唯一的，就像如果有两个人恰巧同名的话，你无
法找到正确的信息。注意，你只能使用不可变的对象(比如字符串)来作为字典的键，但是你可以把不可变或可变的对象作为字典的值。基本说来就是，你应该只使用简单的对象作为键。键值对在字典中以这样的方式标记:d = {key1 : value1, key2 : value2 }。注意它们的键/值对用冒 号分割，而各个对用逗号分割，所有这些都包括在花括号中。
记住字典中的键/值对是没有顺序的。如果你想要一个特定的顺序，那么你应该在使用前自己 对它们排序。字典是dict类的实例/对象
>>> ab={'love':'[email protected]','li':'[email protected],'rui':[email protected],'rui1':[email protected]
>>>
>>>
>>> ab={'love':'[email protected]','rui':'[email protected]','peng':'[email protected]'}
>>> print ("love mean is %s"%ab['love'])
love mean is [email protected]
>>> ab['li']='li#[email protected]'
>>> del ab['peng']
>>> print ("\nThere are %d loves in the sentence\n"%len(ab))
There are 3 loves in the sentence
>>> for name,address in ab.items():
...
...
... print("Contact %s at %s"%(name,address))
...
Contact love at [email protected]
Contact rui at [email protected]
Contact li at li#[email protected]
>>> if "li" in ab:
...
... print ("\n li address is %s"%ab[li])
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
NameError: name 'li' is not defined
>>> if 'li' in ab:
...
... print('address is %s'%ab['li'])
...
address is li#[email protected]
>>>
序列：
列表、元组和字符串都是序列，但是序列是什么，它们为什么如此特别呢?序列的两个主要特点是索引操作符和切片操作符。索引操作符让我们可以从序列中抓取一个特定项目。切片操作符让我们能够获取序列的一个切片，即一部分序列。
shoplist=['apple','banner','mango']
>>> print ('item 0 is',shoplist[0])
item 0 is apple
>>> print ('item 1 to 3 is',shoplist[1:3])
item 1 to 3 is ['banner', 'mango']
>>>