文章出自:http://uule.iteye.com/blog/1988137
oracle的建表sql轉成sqlserver的建表sql時的注意點 :
1.所有的comment語句需要刪除。
2.clob類型轉換爲text類型。
3.blob類型轉換爲image類型
4.number類型轉換爲int,number(16,2)等轉換爲decimal(16,2),number(18)轉換爲bigint。
5.default sysdate改爲default getDate()。
6.to_date('2009-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd')改爲cast('2009-12-18' as datetime)
SQLSERVER:
變量的聲明:
聲明變量時必須在變量前加@符號
DECLARE @I INT
變量的賦值:
變量賦值時變量前必須加set
SET @I = 30
聲明多個變量:
DECLARE @s varchar(10),@a INT
if語句:
- if ..
- begin
- ...
- end
- else if ..
- begin
- ...
- end
- else
- begin
- ...
- end
Example:
- DECLARE @d INT
- set @d = 1
- IF @d = 1 BEGIN
- PRINT '正確'
- END
- ELSE BEGIN
- PRINT '錯誤'
- END
多條件選擇語句:
Example:
- declare @today int
- declare @week nvarchar(3)
- set @today=3
- set @week= case
- when @today=1 then '星期一'
- when @today=2 then '星期二'
- when @today=3 then '星期三'
- when @today=4 then '星期四'
- when @today=5 then '星期五'
- when @today=6 then '星期六'
- when @today=7 then '星期日'
- else '值錯誤'
- end
- print @week
循環語句:
Example:
- DECLARE @i INT
- SET @i = 1
- WHILE @i<1000000 BEGIN
- set @i=@i+1
- END
定義遊標:
- DECLARE @cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT .........
-
- OPEN @cur1
- FETCH NEXT FROM @cur1 INTO 變量
- WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
- BEGIN
- 處理.....
- FETCH NEXT FROM @cur1 INTO 變量
- END
- CLOSE @cur1
- DEALLOCATE @cur1
- AS
-
- declare @CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME VARCHAR(50) =''
- declare @result VARCHAR(2000) = ''
- declare @CI_ID DECIMAL = 0
- declare @num int = 1
- declare @countnum int = 1
-
- BEGIN
- select @countnum = count(ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_ID) from T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG where CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG= 'Y' and CATEGORY_CODE =@CATEGORY_CODE
-
- IF (@ATTRIBUTE2='A')
- begin
- DECLARE MyCursor CURSOR for select ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_CODE from T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG where CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG= 'Y' and CATEGORY_CODE =@CATEGORY_CODE
- OPEN MyCursor FETCH NEXT FROM MyCursor INTO @CONFIG_CODE
- set @result = @result+@CONFIG_CODE+','
- WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
- BEGIN
- FETCH NEXT FROM MyCursor INTO @CONFIG_CODE
- set @num = @num+ 1
- if(@num<@countnum)
- begin
- set @result = @result+@CONFIG_CODE+','
- end
- else if(@num=@countnum)
- begin
- set @result = @result +@CONFIG_CODE
- end
- END
- CLOSE MyCursor
- DEALLOCATE MyCursor
- set @result = 'insert into ' + @ATTRIBUTE1 + '(' + @result +') select '+ @result +' from '+@CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME +' where CI_ORDER_LINE_ID='+@KEY_ID
- end
- else if((@ATTRIBUTE2='U'))
臨時表:
-- Select INTO 從一個查詢的計算結果中創建一個新表。 數據並不返回給客戶端,這一點和普通的Select 不同。 新表的字段具有和 Select 的輸出字段相關聯(相同)的名字和數據類型。
select * into NewTable
from Uname
-- Insert INTO ABC Select
-- 表ABC必須存在
-- 把表Uname裏面的字段Username複製到表ABC
Insert INTO ABC Select Username FROM Uname
-- 創建臨時表
Create TABLE #temp(
UID int identity(1, 1) PRIMARY KEY,
UserName varchar(16),
Pwd varchar(50),
Age smallint,
Sex varchar(6)
)
-- 打開臨時表
Select * from #temp
1、局部臨時表(#開頭)只對當前連接有效,當前連接斷開時自動刪除。
2、全局臨時表(##開頭)對其它連接也有效,在當前連接和其他訪問過它的連接都斷開時自動刪除。
3、不管局部臨時表還是全局臨時表,只要連接有訪問權限,都可以用drop table #Tmp(或者drop table ##Tmp)來顯式刪除臨時表。
臨時表對執行效率應該影響不大,只要不是太過份,相反可以提高效率特別是連接查詢的地方,只要你的數據庫臨時表空間足夠
遊標多,會嚴重執行效率,能免則免!
臨時表在不同數據庫設計中的作用
SQLSERVER 存儲過程 語法
===============================================================================
其他:
--有輸入參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid
--有輸入與輸出參數的存儲過程--
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
--返回單個值的函數--
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end
--調用方法--
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count
--返回值爲表的函數--
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)
--返回值爲表的函數的調用--
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQLServer 存儲過程中不拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢
以前拼接的寫法
set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 '
if (@addDate is not null)
set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' '
if (@name <>'' and is not null)
set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' '
exec(@sql)
下面是 不採用拼接SQL字符串實現多條件查詢的解決方案
第一種寫法是 感覺代碼有些冗餘
if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name
else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='')
select * from table where addDate = @addDate
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> '')
select * from table where and name = @name
else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '')
select * from table
第二種寫法是
select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '')
第三種寫法是
SELECT * FROM table where
addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END,
name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQLSERVER存儲過程基本語法
一、定義變量
declare
@user1 nvarchar(50) |
declare
@user2 nvarchar(50) |
select
@user2 = Name from
ST_User where
ID=1 |
declare
@user3 nvarchar(50) |
update
ST_User set @user3 =
Name where
ID=1 |
二、表、臨時表、表變量
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT NULL
, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Name ] [nvarchar](5)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Password ] [nvarchar](
max ) NULL
, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT NULL |
insert
into #DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx,
Name ,[ Password
],State) values
(100,2, 'LS' ,
'0000' ,
'臨時' , '321'
, '特殊'
); |
select
* into #DU_User2
from ST_User where
ID<8 |
select
* from #DU_User2
where ID<3 union
select * from
#DU_User1 |
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT NULL
, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Name ] [nvarchar](5)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Password ] [nvarchar](
max ) NULL
, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT NULL
, |
insert
into #t select
* from
ST_User |
alter
table #t add
[myid] int
NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)
|
alter
table #t add
[myid1] uniqueidentifier NOT
NULL default
(newid()) |
select
IDENTITY( int ,1,1)
as ID, Name
,[Login],[ Password
] into
#t from ST_User
|
select
( select SUM
(1) from
ST_User where ID<= a.ID)
as myID,*
from ST_User a order
by myID |
insert
into @t values
(1, '1'
) |
insert
into @t values
(2, '2'
) |
三、循環
四、條件語句
declare
@week nvarchar(3) |
五、遊標
declare
@Login varchar (50)
|
declare
user_cur cursor
for select ID,Oid,[Login]
from ST_User
|
fetch
next from
user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login
|
六、觸發器
觸發器中的臨時表:
Inserted
存放進行insert和update 操作後的數據
Deleted
存放進行delete 和update操作前的數據
Create
trigger User_OnUpdate |
declare
@msg nvarchar(50) |
select
@msg = N '姓名從“'
+ Deleted. Name + N
'”修改爲“' + Inserted.
Name + '”'
from Inserted,Deleted
|
insert
into [LOG](MSG)
values (@msg) |
drop
trigger User_OnUpdate |
七、存儲過程
execute
PR_Sum 1,2,@mysum output |
execute
@mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2 |
八、自定義函數
函數的分類:
1)標量值函數
2)表值函數
a:內聯表值函數
b:多語句表值函數
3)系統函數
create
function FUNC_Sum1 |
create
function FUNC_UserTab_1 |
return
( select *
from ST_User where
ID<@myId) |
create
function FUNC_UserTab_2 |
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT NULL
, |
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Name ] [nvarchar](5)
NOT NULL
, |
[
Password ] [nvarchar](
max ) NULL
, |
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT NULL |
insert
into @t select
* from
ST_User where ID<@myId
|
select
* from dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)
|
set
@s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50) |
談談自定義函數與存儲過程的區別:
一、自定義函數:
1. 可以返回表變量
2. 限制頗多,包括
不能使用output參數;
不能用臨時表;
函數內部的操作不能影響到外部環境;
不能通過select返回結果集;
不能update,delete,數據庫表;
3. 必須return 一個標量值或表變量
自定義函數一般用在複用度高,功能簡單單一,爭對性強的地方。
二、存儲過程
1. 不能返回表變量
2. 限制少,可以執行對數據庫表的操作,可以返回數據集
3. 可以return一個標量值,也可以省略return
存儲過程一般用在實現複雜的功能,數據操縱方面。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SqlServer存儲過程--實例
實例1:只返回單一記錄集的存儲過程。
表銀行存款表(bankMoney)的內容如下
Id
|
userID
|
Sex
|
Money
|
001
|
Zhangsan
|
男
|
30
|
002
|
Wangwu
|
男
|
50
|
003
|
Zhangsan
|
男
|
40
|
要求1:查詢表bankMoney的內容的存儲過程
create procedure sp_query_bankMoney
as
select * from bankMoney
go
exec sp_query_bankMoney
注* 在使用過程中只需要把T-Sql中的SQL語句替換爲存儲過程名,就可以了很方便吧!
實例2(向存儲過程中傳遞參數):
加入一筆記錄到表bankMoney,並查詢此表中userID= Zhangsan的所有存款的總金額。
Create proc insert_bank @param1 char(10),@param2 varchar(20),@param3 varchar(20),@param4 int,@param5 int output
with encryption ---------加密
as
insert into bankMoney (id,userID,sex,Money)
Values(@param1,@param2,@param3, @param4)
select @param5=sum(Money) from bankMoney where userID='Zhangsan'
go
在SQL Server查詢分析器中執行該存儲過程的方法是:
declare @total_price int
exec insert_bank '004','Zhangsan','男',100,@total_price output
print '總餘額爲'+convert(varchar,@total_price)
go
在這裏再囉嗦一下存儲過程的3種傳回值(方便正在看這個例子的朋友不用再去查看語法內容):
1.以Return傳回整數
2.以output格式傳回參數
3.Recordset
傳回值的區別:
output和return都可在批次程式中用變量接收,而recordset則傳回到執行批次的客戶端中。
實例3:使用帶有複雜 SELECT 語句的簡單過程
下面的存儲過程從四個表的聯接中返回所有作者(提供了姓名)、出版的書籍以及出版社。該存儲過程不使用任何參數。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO
au_info_all 存儲過程可以通過以下方法執行:
EXECUTE au_info_all
-- Or
EXEC au_info_all
如果該過程是批處理中的第一條語句,則可使用:
au_info_all
實例4:使用帶有參數的簡單過程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
@lastname varchar(40),
@firstname varchar(20)
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname = @firstname
AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
au_info 存儲過程可以通過以下方法執行:
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
-- Or
EXEC au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
如果該過程是批處理中的第一條語句,則可使用:
au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
實例5:使用帶有通配符參數的簡單過程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info2
@lastname varchar(30) = 'D%',
@firstname varchar(18) = '%'
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname LIKE @firstname
AND au_lname LIKE @lastname
GO
au_info2 存儲過程可以用多種組合執行。下面只列出了部分組合:
EXECUTE au_info2
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Wh%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 @firstname = 'A%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 '[CK]ars[OE]n'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Hunter', 'Sheryl'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'H%', 'S%'
= 'proc2'
實例6:if...else
|
存儲過程,其中@case作爲執行update的選擇依據,用if...else實現執行時根據傳入的參數執行不同的修改.
--下面是if……else的存儲過程:
if exists (select 1
from sysobjects where
name = 'Student'
and type ='u' )
drop table Student
go
if exists (select 1
from sysobjects where
name = 'spUpdateStudent'
and type ='p' )
drop proc spUpdateStudent
go
create table Student
(
fName nvarchar (10),
fAge
smallint ,
fDiqu
varchar (50),
fTel
int
)
go
insert into Student
values (
'X.X.Y' , 28,
'Tesing' , 888888)
go
create proc spUpdateStudent
(
@fCase
int ,
@fName
nvarchar (10),
@fAge
smallint ,
@fDiqu
varchar (50),
@fTel
int
)
as update Student
set fAge = @fAge,
-- 傳 1,2,3 都要更新 fAge 不需要用 case
fDiqu = (
case when @fCase = 2
or @fCase = 3
then @fDiqu
else fDiqu
end ),
fTel = (
case when @fCase = 3
then @fTel
else fTel
end )
where fName = @fName
select *
from Student
go
-- 只改 Age exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 1,
@fName = N
'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N
'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 改 Age 和 Diqu exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 2,
@fName = N
'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N
'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101
-- 全改 exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 3,
@fName = N
'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N
'Update' ,
@fTel = 1010101