Python網頁HTTP認證

有時候網頁需要HTTP認證才能登錄，那麼，怎麼辦呢？

這裏需要注意的是，其與cookie和form的認證是不同的，HTTP認證主要與加密通信結合使用；

因涉及的，類比較多，直接上代碼了，不過有註釋應該可以看懂：

import sys, urllib.request
from urllib.request import HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPPasswordMgr, build_opener
import getpass


# build a class for getting password and user
class TerminalPassword(HTTPPasswordMgr):
    def find_user_password(self, realm, authuri):
        retval = HTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password(self, realm, authuri)

        if retval[0] == 0 and retval[1] == 0:
            sys.stdout.write("Login required for %s at %s\n "%(realm,authuri))
            sys.stdout.write("Username: ")
            username = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
            password = getpass.getpass().rstrip()

            return username, password

# a handler for basic HTTP Authentication
handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(TerminalPassword())

# a opener for opening url that need to be Authentication
opener = build_opener(handler)

# open url by urlopen, so install opener to the urllib.request
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

url = 'http://jwc.scnu.edu.cn/default2.aspx'

# pretend as a browser
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1;\
             WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0 '}
url2 = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)

# the last, open!
res = urllib.request.urlopen(url2)

# print the info
print('from: ', res.geturl())
info = res.info()
for key, valus in info.items():
    print("%s=%s" % (key, valus))
# print(res.read().decode('GBK'))

注意：1.下面這一行看起來很奇怪，這是因爲HTTPBasicAuthHandler類會自動調用TerminalPassword的合適的函數

handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(TerminalPassword())