上一篇文章,講述瞭如何通過RestTemplate+Ribbon去消費服務,這篇文章主要講述如何通過Feign去消費服務。
一、Feign簡介
Feign是一個聲明式的僞Http客戶端,它使得寫Http客戶端變得更簡單。使用Feign,只需要創建一個接口並註解。它具有可插拔的註解特性,可使用Feign 註解和JAX-RS註解。Feign支持可插拔的編碼器和解碼器。Feign默認集成了Ribbon,並和Eureka結合,默認實現了負載均衡的效果。
簡而言之:
- Feign 採用的是基於接口的註解
- Feign 整合了ribbon
二、準備工作
繼續用上一節的工程, 啓動eureka-server,端口爲8761; 啓動service-hi 兩次,端口分別爲8762 、8773.
三、創建一個feign的服務
新建一個spring-boot工程,取名爲serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依賴spring-boot-starter-web,代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
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在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名爲service-feign,端口號爲8765,服務註冊地址爲http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代碼如下:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8765
spring:
application:
name: service-feign
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在程序的啓動類ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients註解開啓Feign的功能:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
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定義一個feign接口,通過@ FeignClient(“服務名”),來指定調用哪個服務。比如在代碼中調用了service-hi服務的“/hi”接口,代碼如下:
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
*/
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}
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在Web層的controller層,對外暴露一個”/hi”的API接口,通過上面定義的Feign客戶端SchedualServiceHi 來消費服務。代碼如下:
@RestController
public class HiController {
@Autowired
SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
}
}
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啓動程序,多次訪問http://localhost:8765/hi?name=mervin,瀏覽器交替顯示:
hi mervin,i am from port:8762
hi mervin,i am from port:8763