LINUX網絡編程 IO 複用

參考《linux高性能服務器編程》

 

LINUX下處理多個連接時候,僅僅使用多線程和原始socket函數,效率十分低下

於是就出現了selelct poll  epoll等IO複用函數。

這裏討論性能最優的epoll IO複用

用戶將需要關注的socket連接使用IO複用函數放進一個事件表中,每當事件表中有一個或者多個SOCKET連接出現讀寫請求時候,則進行處理

事件表使用一個額外的文件描述符來標識。文件描述符使用 epoll_create函數創建

#inlclude <sys/epoll.h>

int epoll_create(int size); size參數目前不起作用

 

操作事件表使用epoll_ctl函數進行控制

操作類型有以下3中 

EPOLL_CTL_ADD  EPOLL_CTL_MOD  EPOLL_CTL_DEL

 

在一段超時時間內等待事件表上的事件 使用epoll_wait();

函數範例如下:

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#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
 
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
 
int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
    int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
    return old_option;
}
 
void addfd( int epollfd, int fd, bool enable_et )
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    if( enable_et )
    {
        event.events |= EPOLLET;
    }
    epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
    setnonblocking( fd );
}
 
 
void et( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    for int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
    {
        int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
        if ( sockfd == listenfd )
        {
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
            int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
            addfd( epollfd, connfd, true );
        }
        else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
        {
            printf( "event trigger once\n" );
            while( 1 )
            {
                memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
                int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
                if( ret < 0 )
                {
                    if( ( errno == EAGAIN ) || ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK ) )
                    {
                        printf( "read later\n" );
                        break;
                    }
                    close( sockfd );
                    break;
                }
                else if( ret == 0 )
                {
                    close( sockfd );
                }
                else
                {
                    printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "something else happened \n" );
        }
    }
}
 
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    if( argc <= 2 )
    {
        printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename( argv[0] ) );
        return 1;
    }
    const char* ip = argv[1];
    int port = atoi( argv[2] );
 
    int ret = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) );
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr );
    address.sin_port = htons( port );
 
    int listenfd = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
    assert( listenfd >= 0 );
 
    ret = bind( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) );
    assert( ret != -1 );
 
    ret = listen( listenfd, 5 );
    assert( ret != -1 );
 
    epoll_event events[ MAX_EVENT_NUMBER ];
    int epollfd = epoll_create( 5 );
    assert( epollfd != -1 );
    addfd( epollfd, listenfd, true );
 
    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = epoll_wait( epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER, -1 );
        if ( ret < 0 )
        {
            printf( "epoll failure\n" );
            break;
        }
     
        et( events, ret, epollfd, listenfd );
    }
 
    close( listenfd );
    return 0;
}

  

在嘗試一個多線程代碼;

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#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
 
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
 
struct fds
{
   int epollfd;
   int sockfd;
};
 
void* worker( void* arg )
{
    int sockfd = ( (fds*)arg )->sockfd;
    int epollfd = ( (fds*)arg )->epollfd;
    printf( "start new thread to receive data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
        if( ret == 0 )
        {
            close( sockfd );
            printf( "foreiner closed the connection\n" );
            break;
        }
        else if( ret < 0 )
        {
            if( errno == EAGAIN )
            {
               // reset_oneshot( epollfd, sockfd );
                printf( "read later\n" );
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "get content: %s\n", buf );
            sleep( 5 );
        }
    }
    printf( "end thread receiving data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
}
 
int setnonblocking(int fd)
{
    int old_option = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,new_option);
    return old_option;
}
 
void addfd(int epollfd,int fd,bool enable_et)
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
     
    if(enable_et){
        event.events |= EPOLLET;
    }
    epoll_ctl(epollfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,fd,&event);
    setnonblocking(fd);
}
 
void et(epoll_event* events,int number,int epollfd,int listenfd){
    char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
    for(int i = 0; i < number;i++){
        int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
        if(sockfd == listenfd){
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
            int connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address,&client_addrlength);
            addfd(epollfd,connfd,true);
        }else if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN){
            /*
            printf("event trigger once\n");
            while(1){
                memset(buf,'\0',BUFFER_SIZE);
                int ret = recv(sockfd,buf,BUFFER_SIZE-1,0);
                if(ret < 0){
                    if((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK)){
                        printf("read later\n");
                        break;
                    }
                    close(sockfd);
                    break;
                }else if(ret == 0){
                    close(sockfd);
                }else{
                    printf("get %d bytes of content: %s \n",ret,buf);
                }
            }*/
             pthread_t thread;
                fds fds_for_new_worker;
                fds_for_new_worker.epollfd = epollfd;
                fds_for_new_worker.sockfd = sockfd;
                pthread_create( &thread, NULL, worker, ( void* )&fds_for_new_worker );
        }else{
            printf("something else happened \n");
        }
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    bzero(&address,sizeof(address));
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&address.sin_addr);
    address.sin_port = htons(1134);
     
    int listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    assert(listenfd >= 0);
     
    ret = bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&address,sizeof(address));
    assert(ret != -1);
     
    ret = listen(listenfd,5);
    assert(ret != -1);
     
    epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
    int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
    assert(epollfd != -1);
    addfd(epollfd,listenfd,true);
     
    while(1){
        int ret = epoll_wait(epollfd,events,MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
        if(ret < 0){
            printf("epoll failure\n");
            break;
        }
        et(events,ret,epollfd,listenfd);
    }
     
    close(listenfd);
    return 0;
}

  

多線程版本中 如果我們 連續多次輸入會出現一個問題

如果我們連續多次在telnet的客戶端輸入

服務端會開啓多個線程 接受這個socket的輸入

顯示如下:

fd: 5, sockfdget content: dfdsf
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd
...
start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
fd: 5, sockfdget content: sd

 

如果多個線程同時操作一個socket 可能出現各種意外情況

那麼我們就需要設置socket的EPOLLONESHOT標誌

對於連續操作,操作系統最多觸發該socket上一次讀寫異常事件。

代碼如下:

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#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
 
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
 
struct fds
{
   int epollfd;
   int sockfd;
};
 
void reset_oneshot( int epollfd, int fd )
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET | EPOLLONESHOT;
    epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, &event );
}
 
 
void* worker( void* arg )
{
    int sockfd = ( (fds*)arg )->sockfd;
    int epollfd = ( (fds*)arg )->epollfd;
    printf( "start new thread to receive data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
    char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
    memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
    while( 1 )
    {
        int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
        if( ret == 0 )
        {
            close( sockfd );
            printf( "foreiner closed the connection\n" );
            break;
        }
        else if( ret < 0 )
        {
            if( errno == EAGAIN )
            {
                reset_oneshot( epollfd, sockfd );
                printf( "read later\n" );
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printf( "get content: %s\n", buf );
            sleep( 5 );
        }
    }
    printf( "end thread receiving data on fd: %d\n", sockfd );
}
 
int setnonblocking(int fd)
{
    int old_option = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);
    int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,new_option);
    return old_option;
}
 
void addfd(int epollfd,int fd,bool setOneShot)
{
    epoll_event event;
    event.data.fd = fd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
     
 
    event.events |= EPOLLET;
    if(setOneShot)
        event.events |= EPOLLONESHOT;
    epoll_ctl(epollfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,fd,&event);
    setnonblocking(fd);
}
 
 
 
void et(epoll_event* events,int number,int epollfd,int listenfd){
    char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
    for(int i = 0; i < number;i++){
        int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
        if(sockfd == listenfd){
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof(client_address);
            int connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_address,&client_addrlength);
            addfd(epollfd,connfd,true);
        }else if(events[i].events & EPOLLIN){
            /*
            printf("event trigger once\n");
            while(1){
                memset(buf,'\0',BUFFER_SIZE);
                int ret = recv(sockfd,buf,BUFFER_SIZE-1,0);
                if(ret < 0){
                    if((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK)){
                        printf("read later\n");
                        break;
                    }
                    close(sockfd);
                    break;
                }else if(ret == 0){
                    close(sockfd);
                }else{
                    printf("get %d bytes of content: %s \n",ret,buf);
                }
            }*/
             pthread_t thread;
                fds fds_for_new_worker;
                fds_for_new_worker.epollfd = epollfd;
                fds_for_new_worker.sockfd = sockfd;
                pthread_create( &thread, NULL, worker, ( void* )&fds_for_new_worker );
        }else{
            printf("something else happened \n");
        }
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    bzero(&address,sizeof(address));
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&address.sin_addr);
    address.sin_port = htons(1134);
     
    int listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    assert(listenfd >= 0);
     
    ret = bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&address,sizeof(address));
    assert(ret != -1);
     
    ret = listen(listenfd,5);
    assert(ret != -1);
     
    epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
    int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
    assert(epollfd != -1);
    addfd(epollfd,listenfd,false);
     
    while(1){
        int ret = epoll_wait(epollfd,events,MAX_EVENT_NUMBER,-1);
        if(ret < 0){
            printf("epoll failure\n");
            break;
        }
        et(events,ret,epollfd,listenfd);
    }
     
    close(listenfd);
    return 0;
}

  

 

輸入

Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
1
2
3
4
5
sdfufghbskdjhkbaskjhbkjlsadvfblkajwsvdfbljkashdbkfjhasdfhasjkhD

輸出

start new thread to receive data on fd: 5
get content: 1

get content: 2
3
4

get content: 5
sdfufg
get content: hbskdjhkb
get content: askjhbkjl
get content: sadvfblka
get content: jwsvdfblj
get content: kashdbkfj
get content: hasdfhasj
get content: khD
hasj
read later
end thread receiving data on fd: 5

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