(a) request,
(b) response,
(c) out,
(d) session,
(e) config,
(f) application,
(g) page,
( h) pageContext, and
(i) exception.
The request object
Each time a client requests a JSP page, the JSP engine creates a new object to represents that request called request object. The request object is an instance of class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest. The request object contains all information about the current HTTP request and the clients. Be noted that request object only available in a scope of the current request. It is re-created each time new request is made.
By using methods of the request object you can access almost information such as HTTP header, query string, cookies...
The response object
JSP also creates the response object which is an instance of class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse. The response object represents the response to the client. By using this object you can add new cookies, change MIME content type of the page. In addition, the response object also contains sufficient information on the HTTP to be able to return HTTP status codes or make the page redirect to the other page.
The session object
The session object is used to track information of a particular client between multiple requests. the session object is avaible in the server so it can helps you to overcome the stateless of HTTP protocol. You can use session object to store a arbitrary information between client requests. The session object is an instance of class javax.servlet.http.HttpSession.
The out object
The output stream is exposed to the JSP through the out object. the out object is an instance of class javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter. The out object may refer to an output stream or a filtered stream... You can use the out object methods to send the data into the output stream such as println method. Then JSP take care the rest.
The pageContext object
The pageContext object represent the entire JSP page. You can use the pageContext object to get page attributes of a page. the pageContext object is an instance of class javax.servlet.jsp.pagecontext.
The application object
The application object is a representation of JSP page through its life cycle. The application object is created when a JSP page is initialized and removed when the JSP page is removed by jspDestroy() method or JSP page is recompiled. As its name imply, the information of the application object is accessible to any object used within the JSP page.
The config object
The config object allows you to access the initialization parameters for the Servlet and JSP engine. The config object is an instance of the class javax.servlet.ServletConfig.
The page object
The page object is an instance of a JSP page. By using the page object, you can call any method of the page's servlet.
The exception object
The exception object contains the exception which is thrown from the previous JSP page. You can use the exception object to generate friendly error message based on erorr condition to the end-user.