Rabbit MQ
RabbitMQ是一個消息代理：它接受和轉發消息。 你可以把它想象成一個郵局，RabbitMQ是郵箱，郵局和郵遞員。
幾個重要概念
- 生產者(Producer):消息發送者即爲生產者
- 消息隊列(Queue):本質上是一個消息緩衝區，可以理解成郵箱，容量受限於主機內存和磁盤；多個生產者可以往同一個消息隊列發消息，多個消費者可以從同一個消息隊列接收消息
- 消費者(Consumer):消息接收者即爲消費者
- 代理(Broker):中間人，它接受消息，轉發消息
通常情況下，Producer，Consumer，Broker它們都不在同一臺主機上。
Tutorial 1 - Hello Rabbit MQ
本例使用：rabbitmq_server-3.7.4， Intellij Idea; 並且Producer，Broker，Consumer都在統一電腦上。
（1）Broker:直接使用本機，Rabbit MQ Server安裝（見下面安裝部分）完成後，直接從開始菜單“RabbitMQ Service - start”啓動服務。（2）實現Publisher，通過一個線程，每隔5s發送一條消息到Broker。（3）實現Consumer，從Broker接收消息。
Rabbit MQ安裝
下載並安裝Erlang
添加環境變量：ERLANG_HOME=D:\Program Files\erl9.3
path添加：%ERLANG_HOME%\bin
下載安裝Rabbit MQ
- 確保Erlang cookie一致：
To ensure Erlang cookie files contain the same string, copy the .erlang.cookie file from the Windows service directory [%USERPROFILE%.erlang.cookie (usually C:\WINDOWS\system32\config\systemprofile)] to replace the user .erlang.cookie[%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%.erlang.cookie (usually C:\Users\%USERNAME%.erlang.cookie for user %USERNAME%)].
注意它們倆之間的版本對應關係。
Rabbit MQ Service運行
安裝完成之後，在開始菜單上有常用命令的快捷方式：
RabbitMQ Service - start
RabbitMQ Service - stop
RabbitMQ Command Prompt(sbin dir)
通過RabbitMQ Command Prompt(sbin dir)開啓management plugin：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
PS: 裝該plugin遇到過:
問題1 - “Failed to create cookie file ‘h:/.erlang.cookie’: enoent”這樣的問題，解決方案，設置cookie所在的目錄，如下：
//我這裏是：C:\Users\%USERNAME%
set HOMEDRIVE=[location of ".erlang.cookie"]
rabbitmq-plugins.bat enable rabbitmq_management問題2 - 運行rabbitmqctl status命令，報錯：*empd reports: node ‘rabbit’ not running at all no other nodes on XXX.
解決方案步驟如下：
1）停止rabbitmq服務
2）清空c:\user\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\RabbitMQ\log
3）重啓rabbitmq服務
這樣就可以通過http://localhost:15672使用RabbitMQ management
使用默認的user=guest，password=guest登錄
想要了解RabbitMQ使用的相關端口，參見http://www.rabbitmq.com/install-windows.html頁面。
通過 RabbitMQ Service - start啓動服務，這就相當於把代理(broker)運行起來了，Producer就可以往它發送message，而Consumer也可以從它接收message。
實現Publisher(Publisher往Broker發送消息)
- 運行Intellij Idea 創建一個maven的quickstart類型的項目
POM.xml依賴如下
<!--
rabbit mq client depend on SLF4J API and SLF4J Simple
Please note SLF4J Simple is enough for these tutorials
but you should use a full-blown logging library
like Logback in production.
-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>- 新加一個Send類和一個線程實現類用於發送消息
代碼實現如下，詳細步驟見代碼註釋
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
//Publisher發送完消息就結束
//The publisher(MySendTask) will connect to RabbitMQ,
// send message per 5 seconds,
// until the thread stopped and then exit.
public class MySendTask implements Runnable {
//define name of the queue
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
//connection to the server(broker)
private Connection rbtMqConn;
//
private Channel rbtMqChnl;
private boolean isStop = false;
public void setIsStop(boolean stop){
this.isStop = stop;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try{
//1.create a connection to the server
//The connection abstracts the socket connection,
//and takes care of protocol version negotiation
//and authentication and so on for us.
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//Here we connect to a broker on the
//local machine - hence the localhost.
//consumer也從這個broker接收消息，也可以使用其它主機，比如172.16.21.10
factory.setHost("localhost");
rbtMqConn = factory.newConnection();
//2.we create a channel, which is where most of the
//API for getting things done resides.
rbtMqChnl = rbtMqConn.createChannel();
//3.To send, we must declare a queue for us to send to;
// then we can publish a message to the queue
//Consumer也需要指定使用該名字的channel
rbtMqChnl.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//message to send
String message = "Hello Rabbit MQ!";
//send message per 5s
while (!isStop){
rbtMqChnl.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(5000);
}
//4.Lastly, we close the channel and the connection;
rbtMqChnl.close();
rbtMqConn.close();
}catch(Exception ex){
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
}
System.out.println(" Send task stop");
}
}
//message publisher
public class Send {
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
MySendTask sendTask = new MySendTask();
Thread thread = new Thread(sendTask);
thread.start();
//let the thread run 60 seconds
Thread.sleep(60000);
sendTask.setIsStop(true);
}
}實現Consumer(Consumer從Broker接收消息)
和Publisher類似，Consumer也要打開鏈接和通道(channel)，並且要和Publisher匹配。步驟見如下代碼。
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
//consumer和publisher不一樣，它一直運行，監聽接收消息
//Our consumer is pushed messages from RabbitMQ,
// so unlike the publisher which publishes some messages and stop,
// we'll keep it running to listen for messages and print them out.
public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
//we open a connection and a channel,
// and declare the queue from which we're going to consume.
// Note this matches up with the queue that send publishes to.
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//Note that we declare the queue here, as well.
// Because we might start the consumer before the publisher,
// we want to make sure the queue exists before we try to consume messages from it.
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
//Since it will push us messages asynchronously,
// we provide a callback in the form of an object
// that will buffer the messages until we're ready to use them.
// That is what a DefaultConsumer subclass does.
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
}
}