源碼：strace-4.11.tar.xz
[zhaojq@virtual-machine]# tar -xvf strace-4.11.tar.xz
[zhaojq@virtual-machine]# cd strace-4.11/
[zhaojq@virtual-machine]# ./configure --prefix=/home/zhaojq/strace --host=arm-none-linux
CC=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc LD=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld
[zhaojq@virtual-machine strace/bin]# ls
strace strace-graph strace-log-merge
將所有文件都拷貝到ARM設備上文件系統的/bin目錄裏
使用strace打印多線程程序信息的命令如下：
[zhaojq@ARM-machine]# strace
cat /dev/null
execve("/bin/cat", ["cat", "/dev/null"], [/* 15 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0xbc000
uname({sysname="Linux", nodename="ARM-machine", ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x400cd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/v7l/fast-mult/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/v7l/fast-mult/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/v7l/fast-mult/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/v7l/fast-mult", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/v7l/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/v7l/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/v7l/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/v7l", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/fast-mult/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/fast-mult/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/fast-mult/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/fast-mult", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/tls", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/v7l/fast-mult/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/v7l/fast-mult/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/v7l/fast-mult/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/v7l/fast-mult", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/v7l/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/v7l/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/v7l/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/v7l", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/fast-mult/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/fast-mult/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/fast-mult/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/fast-mult", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/half/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/lib/half", 0xbec1e420) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/libcrypt.so.1", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0@\7\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=30224, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 221508, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40141000
mprotect(0x40148000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap2(0x4014f000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6000) = 0x4014f000
mmap2(0x40151000, 155972, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40151000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib/libm.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0\3701\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=431680, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 463016, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x40178000
mprotect(0x401e1000, 28672, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap2(0x401e8000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x68000) = 0x401e8000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0000[\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1209852, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1246412, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x401ea000
mprotect(0x4030d000, 32768, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap2(0x40315000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x123000) = 0x40315000
mmap2(0x40318000, 9420, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40318000
close(3) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40078000
set_tls(0x400787e0, 0x400d58fc, 0x40078eb8, 0x400787e0, 0x400d5000) = 0
mprotect(0x401ea000, 1191936, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x401ea000, 1191936, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x40315000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x401e8000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x4014f000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0xb8000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x400d4000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
getuid32() = 0
open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
read(3, "", 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
每一行都是一條系統調用，等號左邊是系統調用的函數名及其參數，右邊是該調用的返回值。
strace 顯示這些調用的參數並返回符號形式的值。strace 從內核接收信息，而且不需要以任何特殊的方式來構建內核。
-c 統計每一系統調用的所執行的時間,次數和出錯的次數等.
-d 輸出strace關於標準錯誤的調試信息.
-f 跟蹤由fork調用所產生的子進程.
-ff 如果提供-o filename,則所有進程的跟蹤結果輸出到相應的filename.pid中,pid是各進程的進程號.
-F 嘗試跟蹤vfork調用.在-f時,vfork不被跟蹤.
-h 輸出簡要的幫助信息.
-i 輸出系統調用的入口指針.
-q 禁止輸出關於脫離的消息.
-r 打印出相對時間關於,,每一個系統調用.
-t 在輸出中的每一行前加上時間信息.
-tt 在輸出中的每一行前加上時間信息,微秒級.
-ttt 微秒級輸出,以秒了表示時間.
-T 顯示每一調用所耗的時間.
-v 輸出所有的系統調用.一些調用關於環境變量,狀態,輸入輸出等調用由於使用頻繁,默認不輸出.
-V 輸出strace的版本信息.
-x 以十六進制形式輸出非標準字符串
-xx 所有字符串以十六進制形式輸出.
-a column
設置返回值的輸出位置.默認 爲40.
-e expr
指定一個表達式,用來控制如何跟蹤.格式如下:
[qualifier=][!]value1[,value2]...
qualifier只能是 trace,abbrev,verbose,raw,signal,read,write其中之一.value是用來限定的符號或數字.默認的 qualifier是 trace.感嘆號是否定符號.例如:
-eopen等價於 -e trace=open,表示只跟蹤open調用.而-etrace!=open表示跟蹤除了open以外的其他調用.有兩個特殊的符號 all 和 none.
注意有些shell使用!來執行歷史記錄裏的命令,所以要使用\\.
-e trace=set
只跟蹤指定的系統 調用.例如:-e trace=open,close,rean,write表示只跟蹤這四個系統調用.默認的爲set=all.
-e trace=file
只跟蹤有關文件操作的系統調用.
-e trace=process
只跟蹤有關進程控制的系統調用.
-e trace=network
跟蹤與網絡有關的所有系統調用.
-e strace=signal
跟蹤所有與系統信號有關的 系統調用
-e trace=ipc
跟蹤所有與進程通訊有關的系統調用
-e abbrev=set
設定 strace輸出的系統調用的結果集.-v 等與 abbrev=none.默認爲abbrev=all.
-e raw=set
將指 定的系統調用的參數以十六進制顯示.
-e signal=set
指定跟蹤的系統信號.默認爲all.如 signal=!SIGIO(或者signal=!io),表示不跟蹤SIGIO信號.
-e read=set
輸出從指定文件中讀出 的數據.例如:
-e read=3,5
-e write=set
輸出寫入到指定文件中的數據.
-o filename
將strace的輸出寫入文件filename
-p pid
跟蹤指定的進程pid.
-s strsize
指定輸出的字符串的最大長度.默認爲32.文件名一直全部輸出.
-u username
以username 的UID和GID執行被跟蹤的命令