剛剛接觸python時用的python shell,之後發現IPython有着更加強大的地方，在此做了些筆記，分享一些小小的tips分享給大家。
1.打開IPython環境
如果你裝了anaconda，使用win+r調出命令窗口，輸入ipython就可調出python環境（前提是anaconda加入了環境變量）。
2.Tab鍵補全
1.補全變量：
In [3]: people = 100
In [4]: peo<tab> #自動將people變量補全2.補全對象方法和屬性：
In [6]: import datetime
In [7]: datetime.<tab>
date() MAXYEAR timedelta
datetime MINYEAR timezone
datetime_CAPI time() tzinfo() # 將datetime模塊的方法和屬性顯示出來3.補全文件路徑：
In [7]: C://Users/ZQX/Desktop/py<tab>
"C://Users/ZQX/Desktop/Python 1.0"
"C://Users/ZQX/Desktop/Python 2.0"
C://Users/ZQX/Desktop/pydata-book-2nd-edition/ 2.3.內省
1.在變量的後面加上一個問號（？）就可以將該對象的有關的信息顯示出來：
In [7]: people?
Type: int
String form: 100
Docstring:
int(x=0) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer
Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero.
If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
42.兩個問好（？？）會將函數的源碼顯示出來
In [7]:datetime??
Type: module
String form: <module 'datetime' from 'E:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\datetime.py'>
File: e:\anaconda3\lib\datetime.py
Source:
"""Concrete date/time and related types.
See http://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html for
time zone and DST data sources.
"""
import time as _time
import math as _math
def _cmp(x, y):
return 0 if x == y else 1 if x > y else -1
MINYEAR = 1
MAXYEAR = 9999
_MAXORDINAL = 3652059 # date.max.toordinal()
# Utility functions, adapted from Python's Demo/classes/Dates.py, which
# also assumes the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in
# both directions. Difference: Dates.py calls January 1 of year 0 day
# number 1. The code here calls January 1 of year 1 day number 1. This is
# to match the definition of the "proleptic Gregorian" calendar in Dershowitz
# and Reingold's "Calendrical Calculations", where it's the base calendar
# for all computations. See the book for algorithms for converting between
# proleptic Gregorian ordinals and many other calendar systems.In [17]: np.*load*? *是通配符，表示load前面後面不確定，？表示顯示所有匹配的函數
np.__loader__
np.load
np.loads
np.loadtxt
np.pkgload4.%run、%timeit、%reset
1.將文件傳給%run，回車直接執行test.py。result是test.py中的變量，直接傳到了IPytoon中
In [18]: %run C://Users/ZQX/Desktop/test.py
In [19]: result
Out[19]: 1.4666666666666666如果腳本要訪問IPython命名空間中的變量，就要使用%run -i
2.%timeit ：測試python語句的執行時間
In [22]: %timeit a=1
11.9 ns ± 0.00606 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000000 loops each)3.%reset：刪除命名空間中的全部變量/名稱
In [26]: people=100
In [27]: %reset
Once deleted, variables cannot be recovered. Proceed (y/[n])? y
In [28]: people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-28-75fc5975ba42> in <module>()
----> 1 people
NameError: name 'people' is not defined在使用%reset時會詢問是否刪除，輸入y刪除。
5.快捷鍵
ctrl-a 光標到行首 ctrl-e 光標到行尾
ctrl-b 光標左移一格 ctrl-f 光標右移一格
ctrl-k 刪除後面所有 ctrl-u 刪除前面所有
ctrl-p 搜索前一條命令 ctrl-n 搜索後一條命令
ctrl-c 中斷當前執行代碼 ctrl-l 清屏
6.總結
IPython與其他python shell最大的不同就在於IPython能夠進行交互，能夠直接在輸入框中輸入windows命令或者Linux命令（以自己的操作系統爲準，windows系統下當然不能輸入Linux命令了）。以上內容當然還是不可能全部瞭解到IPython，這只是我的一些小心得。