ios htttp网络请求cookie的读取与写入(NSHTTPCookieStorage)

转载：天狐博客 » ios htttp网络请求cookie的读取与写入(NSHTTPCookieStorage)

当你访问一个网站时，NSURLRequest都会帮你主动记录下来你访问的站点设置的cookie，如果 Cookie 存在的话，会把这些信息放在 NSHTTPCookieStorage 容器中共享，当你下次再访问这个站点时，NSURLRequest会拿着上次保存下来了的cookie继续去请求。
同样适用于ASIHTTPRequest,AFNetworking, Webview等,cookie常用于一些基于认证的网络请求

认识下NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage 实现了一个管理cookie的单例对象(只有一个实例)，每个cookie都是NSHTTPCookie类的实例，最为一个规则，cookie在所有应用之间共享并在不同进程之间保持同步。Session cookie(一个isSessionOnly方法返回YES的cookie)只能在单一进程中使用。

Cookie
Cookie是由服务器端生成，发送给User-Agent（一般是浏览器或者客户端），浏览器会将Cookie的key/value保存到某个目录下的文本文件内，下次请求同一网站地址时就发送该Cookie给服务器

HTTP header
HTTP header中包含HTTP请求与响应的操作参数. header属性定义了所传输数据的各种特性. header属性以属性名开始,以冒号结尾,最后是属性值.属性名及值会因应用的不同

一.iOS htttp网络请求cookie的读取与写入:

1.原生NSURLConnection写法

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一.获取cookie - (IBAction)cookieTouched:(id)sender {     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];     NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]                                              cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData                                          timeoutInterval:3];     NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];     [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request                                        queue:queue                            completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *error){                                                               //转换NSURLResponse成为HTTPResponse                                NSHTTPURLResponse *HTTPResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;                                //获取headerfields                                NSDictionary *fields = [HTTPResponse allHeaderFields];//原生NSURLConnection写法                                // NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking写法                                NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);                                  //获取cookie方法1                                // NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];    //获取cookie方法2                                //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];                                //获取cookie方法3                                NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];                                for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {                                    NSLog(@"cookie%@", cookie);                                }                            }];      }

2.AFNetworking 写法

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[[APIClient sharedClient] postPath:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php" parameters:p success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id JSON) {         NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking写法         NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);         NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];         //获取cookie方法1          NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];         //获取cookie方法2         //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];       } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {            }];

二.清空cookie

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NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];   NSArray *cookieArray = [NSArray arrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];   for (id obj in cookieArray) {     [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];   }

三.手动设置Cookie 手动设置的Cookie不会自动持久化到沙盒

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第一次请求手动设置个cookie -(void)test1:(NSString*)urlString{     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];     NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];          NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"username" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"my ios cookie" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];     [cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];     [cookieProperties setObject:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];//设置失效时间     [cookieProperties setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDiscard]; //设置sessionOnly       NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];     [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];     [self.myWebView loadRequest:request]; } //第二次请求会自动带上cookie - (IBAction)test2:(id)sender {     NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];     NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];     [self.mywebview2 loadRequest:request]; }

request还可以这样设置个cookie

1 2	[request setHTTPShouldHandleCookies:YES]; [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", [cookie name], [cookie value]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];

四.Cookie的持久化存储

1.服务器端设置Cookie，以PHP为例

语法

1	setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure)

参数	描述
name	必需。规定 cookie 的名称。
value	必需。规定 cookie 的值。
expire	可选。规定 cookie 的有效期。
path	可选。规定 cookie 的服务器路径。
domain	可选。规定 cookie 的域名。
secure	可选。规定是否通过安全的 HTTPS 连接来传输 cookie。

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setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"); //没设置失效时间 关闭app后系统不会持久化Cookie   setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"，time()+3600*24); //设置expire失效时间 关闭app后系统自动持久化Cookie

如果服务器设置了Cookie失效时间expiresDate ,sessionOnly:FALSE会被持久化到文件中，kill掉后系统自动保存，下次启动app会自动加载.binarycookies中的Cookies，以下是一条Cookie输出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:2016-04-08 09:31:09 +0000 created:2016-04-08 09:30:49 +0000 sessionOnly:FALSE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

持久化到了文件中，地址是 沙盒的 /Library/Cookies/org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies

使用BinaryCookieReader.py脚本 解析 org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies 结果如下

2.app端手动存储Cookie

如果没设置Cookie失效时间expiresDate:(null)，sessionOnly:true,kill掉后系统不会自动保存Cookie，如果想持久化Cookie 模仿浏览器存住Cookie，使用NSUserDefaults存下即可,以下是一条Cookie输出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:(null) created:2016-04-08 09:33:34 +0000 sessionOnly:TRUE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

手动保存

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//合适的时机保存Cookie - (void)saveCookies{     NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];     NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];     [defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"];     [defaults synchronize]; } //合适的时机加载Cookie 一般都是app刚刚启动的时候 - (void)loadCookies{     NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData: [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"]];     NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];     for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies){         [cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];     } }