環境說明:
apache(httpd-2.2.22-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi)
tomcat(apache-tomcat-7.0.41)
mod_jk(tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-windows-i386-httpd-2.2.x)
第一部分:負載均衡
1、apache 安裝,下一步就行了
2、解壓tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-windows-i386-httpd-2.2.x,把mod_jk.so,放到apache安裝目錄下的modules文件夾
3、在apache安裝目錄下,找到conf文件夾下的httpd.conf文件打開
在文件最後加上下面一句話就可以了
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
4.httpd.conf
同目錄下新建mod_jk.conf文件,內容如下:
#加載mod_jk Module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
#指定 workers.properties文件路徑
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
#加載workers的請求處理分配文件
JkMountFile conf/uriworkermap.properties
#指定jk的日誌輸出文件
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
#指定日誌級別
JkLogLevel warn
5.在http.conf同目錄下新建 workers.properties文件,內容如下
worker.list = controller,tomcat1,tomcat2 #server 列表
#========tomcat1========
worker.tomcat1.port=8009 #ajp13 端口號,在tomcat下server.xml配置,默認8009
worker.tomcat1.host=localhost #tomcat的主機地址,如不爲本機,請填寫ip地址
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1 #server的加權比重,值越高,分得的請求越多
#========tomcat2========
worker.tomcat2.port=9009 #ajp13 端口號,在tomcat下server.xml配置,默認8009
worker.tomcat2.host=localhost #tomcat的主機地址,如不爲本機,請填寫ip地址
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1 #server的加權比重,值越高,分得的請求越多
#========controller,負載均衡控制器========
worker.controller.type=lb
worker.controller.balance_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2 #指定分擔請求的tomcat
worker.controller.sticky_session=false
6.在http.conf同目錄下新建 uriworkermap.properties文件,內容如下
#所有請求都由controller這個server處理
/*=controller
#所有包含jkstatus請求的都由status這個server處理
/jkmanager/*=jkstatus
#所有以.gif結尾的請求都不由controller這個server處理,以下幾個都是一樣的意思
!/*.gif=controller
!/*.jpg=controller
!/*.png=controller
!/*.bmp=controller
!/*.css=controller
!/*.js=controller
!/*.htm=controller
!/*.html=controller
!/*.swf=controller
7.修改tomcat配置文件server.xml
如果你在不同電腦上安裝tomcat,tomcat的安裝數量爲一個,可以不必修改tomcat配置文件
如果是在同一臺電腦上安裝兩個tomcat,所以需要更改其中一個的設置
需要修改的端口配置:
(1)<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
改爲
<Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
(2)<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
改爲
<Connector port="9080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
(3)<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
改爲
<Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
8.編寫測試jsp
(1)建立一個目錄test.裏面新建一個test.jsp,內容爲
<%
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println(session.getAttribute("test"));
session.setAttribute("test","Session");
%>
<html>
<body bgcolor="red">
<center>
<h1>Tomcat 1</h1>
</body>
</html>
把test放到tomcat1的webapps下
(2)建立一個目錄test.裏面新建一個test.jsp,內容爲
<%
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println(session.getAttribute("test"));
session.setAttribute("test","Session");
%>
<html>
<body bgcolor="blue">
<center>
<h1>Tomcat 2</h1>
</body>
</html>
把test放到tomcat2的webapps下
9.啓動apache,tomcat1,tomcat2,進行測試
通過 http://localhost/test/test.jsp 訪問,
如果顯示紅色頁面,表示tomcat1的處理結果;
如果顯示藍色頁面,表示tomcat2的處理結果。
多刷新幾次,發現兩個顏色的頁面輪流出現,實現了負載均衡。
查看tomcat1的窗口,可以看到打印了一行"=========="
再刷新一次,tomcat2也打印了一條,再刷新,可以看到請求會被tomcat1,tomcat2輪流處理,實現了負載均衡 。
至此,負載均衡設定完成。只配置負載均衡還不行,還要session複製,也就是說其中任何一個tomcat的添加的session,是要同步複製到其它tomcat, 集羣內的tomcat都有相同的session。
第二部分,配置集羣
1.修改tomcat1, tomcat2的server.xml
(1)在server.xml文件裏有<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
修改一下,加上jvmRoute="tomcat1",
tomcat1 改完後:<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
tomcat2 改完後:<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2">
(2)在server.xml文件裏有<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>是被註釋掉的。
在這段註釋後面,加上下面的內容:
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<!--
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="8"/> -->
<!-- -->
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="4000"<!-- tomcat2 修改一下,port="4002" -->
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" timeout="60000" keepAliveCount="120000"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<!-- 這段可以不要,Tomcat還不支持,只有接口,如果配置了,會報錯(嚴重: FarmWarDeployer can only work as host cluster subelement!)。
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
-->
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
2.修改測試項目test(兩個test.jsp都改成一樣就可以)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Cluster App Test</title>
</head>
<body >
Server Info:
<%
out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort() + "<br>");
%>
<%
out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId() + "<br>");
// 如果有新的 Session 屬性設置
String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {
String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");
session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
}
out.print("<b>Session 列表</b>");
Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String) e.nextElement();
String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
out.println(name + " = " + value + "<br>");
System.out.println(name + " = " + value);
}
%>
<form action="test.jsp" method="POST">名稱:<input type=text
size=20 name="dataName"> <br>
值:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue"> <br>
<input type=submit></form>
</body>
</html>
3.然後在test 新建WEB-INF目錄,WEB-INF下新建web.xml,內容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>test</display-name>
<distributable/>
</web-app>
4.將test複製到tomcat1,tomcat2的webapps下,重啓測試時一定要先啓動tomcat1,tomcat2,在啓動apache
不然mod_jk.log裏報
service::jk_lb_worker.c (1485): All
tomcat instances failed, no more workers left,表示所有實例失敗.
輸入網址 http://localhost/test/test.jsp 就可以測試了。