Eclipse創建Maven Web工程並實現Tomcat熱部署

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首先下載maven工具,解壓後在conf/settings.xml文件中添加:
<localRepository>E:/Workspaces/.m3</localRepository>
此爲maven下載jar及其相關文件的倉庫

第二步,安裝eclipse的maven插件M2eclipse:
http://m2eclipse.sonatype.org/sites/m2e
安裝完成後打開eclipse->window->preferences->maven
->installations->add->指定maven安裝路徑
->user settings->指定maven配置文件settings.xml

第三步,創建maven項目,properties->project facets->convert to faceted form...
勾上dynamic web module,點擊futher configuration available..., 勾上generate web.xml deployment descriptor,更改webcontent目錄爲src/main/webapp後點擊OK.此時點擊項目properties->deployment assembly可以看到指定的webapp路徑就是是src/main/webapp目錄

第四步,修改項目pom.xml文件:

...

    <build>

        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
        <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>

        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <testResources>
            <testResource>
                <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
            </testResource>
        </testResources>

        <outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>
        <testOutputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</testOutputDirectory>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.6</source>
                    <target>1.6</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>compile</phase>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>compile</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <filesets>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib</directory>
                            <followSymlinks>false</followSymlinks>
                        </fileset>
                    </filesets>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

...

	<build>

		<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
		<testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>

		<resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
			</resource>
		</resources>
		<testResources>
			<testResource>
				<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
			</testResource>
		</testResources>

		<outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>
		<testOutputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</testOutputDirectory>

		<plugins>

			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.3.2</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.6</source>
					<target>1.6</target>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.5</version>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>compile</phase>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.4</version>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<phase>compile</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration>
							<outputDirectory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>

			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.4.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<filesets>
						<fileset>
							<directory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib</directory>
							<followSymlinks>false</followSymlinks>
						</fileset>
					</filesets>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

		</plugins>

	</build>

這樣修改pom.xml後,刪除target目錄,在打開cmd:
在項目根路徑下運行:
mvn eclipse:eclipse
這樣重新生成的classpath會將編譯好的java文件和resources中的配置文件指定爲src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes.
再運行:
mvn compile
之後,mvn會自動編譯java文件,copy resources中的文件,並放到classes路徑下,並且將項目依賴的jar包copy到lib目錄,至此完整的項目形成,全部文件都在webapp目錄下.

最後一步,將項目發佈到tomcat上:
點擊eclipse中servers->new->server,全部finish以後雙擊該server,切換到modules窗口->點擊add external module->
在document base中browse到項目webapp路徑
在path中輸入"/項目名稱"
點擊OK後配置全部完成,這樣配置的好處不只是熱部署,因爲eclipse自動編譯java文件經常出現問題,在這樣的情況下隨時可以在項目根路徑下用mvn compile命令編譯項目