一、前言
前面的幾個章節介紹了很多理論基礎，如：什麼是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的傳輸模式。本文從零開始和大家一起寫一個小的WCF應用程序Demo。
大多框架的學習都是從增、刪、改、查開始來學習的，我們學習WCF也是一樣的。從簡單來看(不包括安全、優化等相關問題)，WCF的增刪改查和WebForm相差無幾。WCF只是把具體“實現”寫在“Service端”，而“調用”放在了“Client端”。
二、Demo說明
1）Demo的 “Service端”以本機IIS爲宿主，“Client端”以WebForm項目爲例。
2）Demo的“Service端”提取數據採用初學者比較容易接受的分層結構進行搭建，分別分爲服務層、實體層、數據層。
引用關係如下圖所示：
3）Demo以數據庫爲SqlServer，表User爲例(sql語句在下載的壓縮包中Init.sql)，表結構如下所示：
|
字段名 |
列名 |
數據類型 |
約束 |
生成方式 |
|
用戶編號 |
UserID |
int |
主鍵，必須輸入 |
自動增+1 |
|
姓名 |
Name |
varchar(200) |
非必須輸入 |
人工輸入 |
|
密碼 |
Password |
varchar(200) |
非必須輸入 |
人工輸入 |
|
描述 |
Discribe |
varchar(800) |
非必須輸入 |
人工輸入 |
|
提交時間 |
SubmitTime |
datetime |
非必須輸入 |
人工輸入 |
三、創建Service端宿主
1）創建WCF應用程序命名爲：WCF.Demo.Service，如下圖：
2）刪除默認文件IService.cs與Service.svc。並分別創建增、刪、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分別對應4個功能的服務應用程序WCF服務應用程序，並創建數據操作層和數據實體層，如下圖：
3）增加實體層和數據操作層代碼，如下所示：
1 //用戶實體 2 [DataContract] 3 public class User 4 { 5 [DataMember] 6 public int UserID { get; set; } 7 [DataMember] 8 public string UserName { get; set; } 9 [DataMember] 10 public string Password { get; set; } 11 [DataMember] 12 public string Discribe { get; set; } 13 [DataMember] 14 public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; } 15 } 16 //數據操作，調用SqlHeler 17 public class User 18 { 19 private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;"; 20 21 //添加 22 public static bool Add(Model.User user) 23 { 24 string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime); 25 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql); 26 if (result > 0) 27 return true; 28 else 29 return false; 30 } 31 32 //修改 33 public static bool Save(Model.User user) 34 { 35 string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID); 36 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql); 37 if (result > 0) 38 return true; 39 else 40 return false; 41 } 42 43 //刪除 44 public static bool Remove(int UserID) 45 { 46 string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID); 47 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql); 48 if (result > 0) 49 return true; 50 else 51 return false; 52 } 53 54 //獲取用戶 55 public static Model.User Get(int UserID) 56 { 57 Model.User user = new Model.User(); 58 string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID); 59 DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql); 60 if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0) 61 { 62 foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows) 63 { 64 user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]); 65 user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString(); 66 user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString(); 67 user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString(); 68 user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]); 69 } 70 } 71 return user; 72 } 73 74 //獲取用戶列表 75 public static List<Model.User> GetUsers() 76 { 77 List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>(); 78 string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]"); 79 DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql); 80 if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0) 81 { 82 foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables) 83 { 84 foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows) 85 { 86 Model.User user = new Model.User(); 87 user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]); 88 user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString(); 89 user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString(); 90 user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString(); 91 user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]); 92 Users.Add(user); 93 } 94 } 95 } 96 return Users; 97 } 98 }
4）修改Add接口的代碼和實現，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract] 2 public interface IAdd 3 { 4 [OperationContract] 5 bool DoWork(Model.User user); 6 } 7 8 public class Add : IAdd 9 { 10 public bool DoWork(Model.User user) 11 { 12 return DAL.User.Add(user); 13 } 14 }
5）修改Save接口的代碼和實現，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract] 2 public interface ISave 3 { 4 [OperationContract] 5 bool DoWork(Model.User user); 6 } 7 8 public class Save : ISave 9 { 10 public bool DoWork(Model.User user) 11 { 12 return DAL.User.Save(user); 13 } 14 }
6）修改Remove接口的代碼和實現，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract] 2 public interface IRemove 3 { 4 [OperationContract] 5 bool DoWork(int UserID); 6 } 7 public class Remove : IRemove 8 { 9 public bool DoWork(int UserID) 10 { 11 return DAL.User.Remove(UserID); 12 } 13 }
7）修改Search接口的代碼和實現，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract] 2 public interface ISearch 3 { 4 [OperationContract] 5 List<Model.User> DoWork(); 6 } 7 8 public class Search : ISearch 9 { 10 List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork() 11 { 12 return DAL.User.GetUsers(); 13 } 14 }
8）修改Get接口的代碼和實現，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract] 2 public interface IGet 3 { 4 [OperationContract] 5 Model.User DoWork(int UserID); 6 } 7 8 public class Get : IGet 9 { 10 public Model.User DoWork(int UserID) 11 { 12 return DAL.User.Get(UserID); 13 } 14 }
四、部署服務端程序
1）將程序發佈，並部署到IIS上，設置端口：8080，如下圖所示：
2）以Add.svc服務應用程序爲目標，測試部署是否成功，成功後如下圖所示：
五、創建Client端Web應用程序
新建WebForm項目WCF.Demo.Client，並創建增刪改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下圖所示：
六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客戶端代碼和配置
SvcUtil.exe是一個VS命令行工具，該工具位於：C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin 或 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\一般情況下我們將SvcUtil.exe添加到VS開發工具中方便以後的運用（也可直接使用該命令行工具）。
1）在VS中的 Tools菜單---選擇External Tools，打開管理窗口如下圖所示：
在Title中輸入SvcUtil，Command中選擇SvcUtil.exe全路徑，Initial directory欄選擇生成的客戶端代碼和配置文件所放的目錄（此處爲解決方案所在目錄），選上Prompt for arguments，不選上Close on exit。點擊OK.
2）添加完成後，在VS的工具下會出現這個菜單。如下圖所示：
3）在Client端添加對服務的引用。打開SvUtil工具，在Arguments裏填寫服務的地址，如下圖：
點擊OK後出現下圖，說明代碼類和配置文件生成成功（在解決方案目標下），如下圖所示：
此時代理類和配置文件被下載到解決方案的物理目錄中，如下圖所示：
七、在Client端使用代理類與配置
將代理類從服務端的物理目錄拷貝出來，放到Client端，並適當的修改代碼，加入自己需要的名稱空間，如下圖所示：
使用代碼如下所示：
1 //增加 2 public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page 3 { 4 Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient(); 5 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 6 { 7 8 } 9 10 //提交 11 protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 12 { 13 Model.User user = new Model.User(); 14 user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text; 15 user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text; 16 user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text; 17 user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now; 18 addClient.DoWork(user); 19 Response.Write("添加成功！"); 20 } 21 } 22 //修改 23 public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page 24 { 25 Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient(); 26 Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient(); 27 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 28 { 29 if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"])) 30 { 31 GetUser(); 32 } 33 } 34 35 protected void GetUser() 36 { 37 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]); 38 Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID); 39 this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName; 40 this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe; 41 } 42 43 //提交 44 protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 45 { 46 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]); 47 Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID); 48 user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text; 49 user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text; 50 saveClient.DoWork(user); 51 Response.Write("修改成功！"); 52 } 53 } 54 //列表及刪除 55 public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page 56 { 57 Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient(); 58 Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient(); 59 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 60 { 61 if (!Page.IsPostBack) 62 { 63 GetUsers(); 64 } 65 } 66 67 protected void GetUsers() 68 { 69 this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork(); 70 this.repUsers.DataBind(); 71 } 72 73 protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e) 74 { 75 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName); 76 removeClient.DoWork(UserID); 77 Response.Write("刪除成功~"); 78 GetUsers(); 79 } 80 }
將生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>複製到Client的Web.config中，代碼如下：
1 <system.serviceModel> 2 <bindings> 3 <basicHttpBinding> 4 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 5 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 6 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 7 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 8 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 9 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 10 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 11 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 12 <security mode="None"> 13 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 14 realm="" /> 15 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 16 </security> 17 </binding> 18 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 19 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 20 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 21 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 22 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 23 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 24 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 25 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 26 <security mode="None"> 27 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 28 realm="" /> 29 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 30 </security> 31 </binding> 32 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 33 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 34 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 35 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 36 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 37 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 38 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 39 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 40 <security mode="None"> 41 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 42 realm="" /> 43 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 44 </security> 45 </binding> 46 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 47 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 48 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 49 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 50 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 51 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 52 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 53 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 54 <security mode="None"> 55 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 56 realm="" /> 57 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 58 </security> 59 </binding> 60 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 61 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 62 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 63 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 64 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 65 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 66 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 67 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 68 <security mode="None"> 69 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 70 realm="" /> 71 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 72 </security> 73 </binding> 74 </basicHttpBinding> 75 </bindings> 76 <client> 77 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 78 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd" 79 name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" /> 80 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 81 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove" 82 name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" /> 83 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 84 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch" 85 name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" /> 86 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 87 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave" 88 name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" /> 89 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 90 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet" 91 name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" /> 92 </client> 93 </system.serviceModel>
-------------------------最終效果-----------------------
添加：
修改：
列表及刪除：