日常在生產環境中使用RMAN在線熱備數據庫一般都是每週一次全備+每天備歸檔 或者 每週一次全備，每天一次增備的方式進行備份的。這種方式備份的優點時，佔用空間較少，備份快，恢復時間相對較長（因爲要逐一讀取全備之後的所有增備的備份文件）。
而另一種不常用的方法是：
1、先做一次基於 level 0級別數據庫文件副本完全拷貝（backup ascopy level 0 database），RMAN腳本類似如下：
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup as copy incremental level 0 tag incr_update database format'/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_%U.bak';
#backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
#backup current controlfile format'/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_ctl_%U.bak' tag incr_update;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
2、之後至少執行兩次基於以上 level 0級別的數據庫文件副本完全拷貝（全備）的增量備份，RMAN腳本如下：
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/%U_cp.bak';
allocate channel c2 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/%U_cp.bak';
recover copy of database with tag 'incr_update';
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'incr_update'database;
#backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/arc_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
#backup current controlfile format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/ctl_%U.bak'tag incr_update;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
以上 tag 的名稱必須要全部一致，必須要和之前的level 0的拷貝全備的 tag 名稱一致。
其中：
2.1)、recover copy of database with tag 'incr_update'; 表示將上次的增備的備份文件內容應用到全備文件中，應用後，全備文件的最後修改時間會變爲最新的時間。第一次增備時，由於還不存在上次的的增備，所以是不會應用上一次的增備到全庫文件的。
2.2)、backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy withtag 'incr_update' database; 這個是開始執行本次的增備。
昨天測試的具體實現過程如下：
1、檢查當前的日誌組是group 1：
15:52:50SYS@orcl*SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS
------ --------- ------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------- --------
1 1 1 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT
2 1 0 52428800 512 1 YES UNUSED
3 1 0 52428800 512 1 YESUNUSED
2、執行基於 level 0 的 backup as copy 全備：
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> allocate channel c3 type disk;
5> backup as copy incremental level 0 tag incr_update database format'/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_%U.bak';
6> backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_%U.bak'tag incr_update;
7> backup current controlfile format'/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_ctl_%U.bak' tag incr_update;
8> release channel c1;
9> release channel c2;
10> release channel c3;
11> }
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=22 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=143 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=9 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel c2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel c3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf
output filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=138 STAMP=957110026
channel c3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:47
channel c3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=140 STAMP=957110122
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
output file name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=139 STAMP=957110117
channel c2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel c2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf
output filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=141 STAMP=957110125
channel c3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:09
channel c3: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=142 STAMP=957110136
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
output filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=143 STAMP=957110137
channel c2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:21
channel c2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
output file name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_cf_D-ORCL_id-1342766198_5msgolrg.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=144 STAMP=957110137
channel c3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel c3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including currentSPFILE in backup set
channel c3:starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
output filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=145 STAMP=957110144
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
output file name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.baktag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=146 STAMP=957110144
channel c2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_5psgols0_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=145 STAMP=957019801
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=146 STAMP=957020136
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=147 STAMP=957020138
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=148 STAMP=957020140
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=149 STAMP=957020143
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=150 STAMP=957106841
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c3: starting archived log backup set
channel c3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=151 STAMP=957107100
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=152 STAMP=957107524
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=153 STAMP=957108249
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=154 STAMP=957108273
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_5qsgols4_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=157 STAMP=957110147
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_5rsgols4_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=155 STAMP=957108614
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=156 STAMP=957109582
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_5tsgols6_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_5ssgols4_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_arc_5usgols6_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including currentcontrol file in backup set
channel c1:starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_ctl_5vsgols7_1_1.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
說明：執行 backup as copy 副本方式備份數據庫時，也會自動備份 spfile 和 control file 文件，如上黑粗體所示，並且基於 copy 方式的備份，是原樣拷貝數據文件進行備份，備份文件大小與數據文件大小一樣大（不像 backup，只備份數據文件的已用數據塊）。
2.1）、全備完後，檢查一下備份文件的大小備份文件的生成 時間，如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/full>ls -l
total 1923888
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_5psgols0_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 218624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5qsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17538560 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5rsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1186816 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5ssgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 318464 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5tsgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 307200 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5usgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10010624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_cf_D-ORCL_id-1342766198_5msgolrg.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_ctl_5vsgols7_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 660611072 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160440320 2017-10-11 15:53lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 157294592 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1056768 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
2.2）、全備完後，檢查一下當前日誌組：
15:57:39SYS@orcl*SQL> select * from v$log;
ROUP# HREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS
----- --------- ---------- ----------- ---------- --------- --- ---------
1 1 1 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE
2 1 2 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT
3 1 0 52428800 512 1 YES UNUSED
說明：當前日誌組變成 group 2 了，因爲以上全備時指定全備後執行 backup archivelog all 備份歸檔，所以執行備份歸檔時，會自動歸檔當前日誌，會切換一次日誌，所以當前日誌變爲2。
3、執行增備
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/%U_cp.bak';
3> allocate channel c2 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/%U_cp.bak';
4> recover copy of database with tag 'incr_update';
5> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'incr_update'database;
6> #backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/arc_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
7> #backup current controlfile format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/ctl_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
8>release channel c1;
9> release channel c2;
10> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=9 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=143 device type=DISK
Starting recover at 11-OCT-17
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
no copy of datafile 5 found to recover
no copy of datafile 6 found to recover
no copy of datafile 8 found to recover
no copy of datafile 10 found to recover ##這裏只是執行了第一次增備，所以沒有上一次的增備可以應用到全備文件。
Finished recover at 11-OCT-17
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/61sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:06
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/60sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:13
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
including current control file in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/63sgom2m_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/62sgom2f_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
3.1）、執行完增備後，由於是第一次增備，所以沒有上一次的增備可以應用到全備文件，所以全備文件的大小和時間是不變的，如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/full>ls -l
total 1923888
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_5psgols0_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 218624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5qsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17538560 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5rsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1186816 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5ssgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 318464 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5tsgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 307200 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5usgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10010624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_cf_D-ORCL_id-1342766198_5msgolrg.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_ctl_5vsgols7_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 660611072 2017-10-11 15:55 lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160440320 2017-10-11 15:53lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 157294592 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1056768 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
3.2）、增備文件已經生成,如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/incr>ls -l
total 10362
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 48 2017-10-11 15:47 2
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 48 2017-10-11 14:41 3
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 212992 2017-10-11 15:59 60sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 229376 2017-10-11 15:59 61sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 15:59 62sgom2f_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 15:5963sgom2m_1_1_cp.bak
4、我們創建一個測試表 tmp，用於應用全備加增量進行做不完全恢復測試
4.1）、檢查當前日誌組，仍然是 group 2：
16:04:29TUSER@orcl*SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# HREAD# EQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS
------ -------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- --- ---------
1 1 1 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE
2 1 2 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT
3 1 0 52428800 512 1 YES UNUSED
4.2）創建 tmp 測試表：
16:04:34TUSER@orcl*SQL> create table tmp(id int);
16:05:12TUSER@orcl*SQL> alter system switch logfile;
16:05:50TUSER@orcl*SQL> insert into tmp values(1);
16:06:00TUSER@orcl*SQL> commit;
16:08:41TUSER@orcl*SQL> alter system switch logfile;
6:08:49TUSER@orcl*SQL> select * from v$log;
ROUP# HREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS
----- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- --- ------------
1 1 4 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT
2 1 2 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE
3 1 3 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE
5、再次執行增備：
run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/%U_cp.bak';
3> allocate channel c2 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/%U_cp.bak';
4> recover copy of database with tag 'incr_update';
5> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'incr_update'database;
6> #backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/arc_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
7> #backup current controlfile format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/ctl_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
8> release channel c1;
9> release channel c2;
10> }
using target database control file instead of recoverycatalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=9 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=139 device type=DISK
Starting recover at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00003name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00010name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
channel c1: reading from backup piece /backup/rman_bak/incr/61sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak
channel c2: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel c2: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00002name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00005name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00006name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00008name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak ##以上recovering datafile... 就是指應用上一次的增備到全備文件
channel c2: reading from backup piece /backup/rman_bak/incr/60sgom0d_1_1_cp.bak
channel c2: piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/60sgom0d_1_1_cp.baktag=INCR_UPDATE
channel c2: restored backup piece 1
channel c2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/61sgom0d_1_1_cp.baktag=INCR_UPDATE
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 11-OCT-17
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/64sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/65sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/67sgomoj_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/66sgomoi_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
5.1）、第一次增備完成後，其生成的備份文件和時間如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/incr/2>ls -l
total 13925
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2719744 2017-10-11 16:10 64sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368064 2017-10-11 16:10 65sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 16:11 66sgomoi_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 16:1067sgomoj_1_1_cp.bak
5.2）、再次檢查全備文件的最後修改時間變成了以上第二次增備時的執行 recovering datafile copy 時的時間了，如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/full>ls -l
total 1923888
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_5psgols0_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 218624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5qsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17538560 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5rsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1186816 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5ssgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 318464 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5tsgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 307200 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5usgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10010624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_cf_D-ORCL_id-1342766198_5msgolrg.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_ctl_5vsgols7_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 16:09 lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 660611072 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160440320 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 157294592 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1056768 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 2017-10-11 16:09lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
6、爲測試表 tmp 做不完全恢復
6.1）、獲取要做不完全恢復的測試的 scn 位置：
16:13:36SYS@orcl*SQL> select sysdate,current_scn from v$database;
SYSDATE CURRENT_SCN
------------------- ------------------
2017-10-11 16:14:04 3092625
6.2）、爲測試表 tmp 再添加多一條數據，不完全恢復時，只恢復到上一條數據：
16:14:26TUSER@orcl*SQL> insert into tmp values(2);
1 row created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
16:14:35 TUSER@orcl*SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
16:14:37 TUSER@orcl*SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.30
16:14:43 TUSER@orcl*SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# HREAD# EQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
------ ------- ---------- ---------- ------------ --------- ------------------- ------------------ ------------------- -------------------------------------
1 1 4 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 3092321 2017-10-11 16:08:48 3092652 2017-10-11 16:14:43
2 1 5 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 3092652 2017-10-11 16:14:43 281474976710655
3 1 3 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE
16:14:49TUSER@orcl*SQL> select * from tmp;
ID
------------------
1
2
7、再執行一次增備：
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/%U_cp.bak';
3> allocate channel c2 type disk format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/%U_cp.bak';
4> recover copy of database with tag 'incr_update';
5> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'incr_update'database;
6> #backup archivelog all format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/arc_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
7> #backup current controlfile format '/backup/rman_bak/incr/ctl_%U.bak' tagincr_update;
8> release channel c1;
9> release channel c2;
10> }
using target database control file instead of recoverycatalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=139 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=145 device type=DISK
Starting recover at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel c1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00003name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00010name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
channel c1: reading from backup piece /backup/rman_bak/incr/2/65sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak ##應用到了第二次增備（即包含 insert into tmpvaluies(1)時的備份）到了全備文件
channel c2: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel c2: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00005name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00006 name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
recovering datafile copy file number=00008name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak ##
channel c2: reading from backup piece /backup/rman_bak/incr/2/64sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak ##應用到了第二次增備（即包含 insert into tmpvaluies(1)時的備份）到了全備文件
channel c1: piecehandle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/65sgomm7_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATE
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c2: piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/2/64sgomm7_1_1_cp.baktag=INCR_UPDATE
channel c2: restored backup piece 1
channel c2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished recover at 11-OCT-17
Starting backup at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/68sgon10_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel c1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/69sgon10_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel c2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/6asgon3b_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 11-OCT-17
piece handle=/backup/rman_bak/incr/3/6bsgon3b_1_1_cp.bak tag=INCR_UPDATEcomment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 11-OCT-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
7.1）、檢查以上第三次增備生成的備份文件及時間：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/incr/3>ls -l
total 10762
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 516096 2017-10-11 16:16 68sgon10_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 335872 2017-10-11 16:16 69sgon10_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 16:16 6asgon3b_1_1_cp.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 16:166bsgon3b_1_1_cp.bak
7.2）、執行以上第三次增時應用的第二次增備到全備文件後，檢查全備文件的修改時間已經變化，如下：
oracle@SLES11:/backup/rman_bak/full>ls -l
total 1923888
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 98304 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_5psgols0_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 218624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5qsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17538560 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5rsgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1186816 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5ssgols4_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 318464 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5tsgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 307200 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_arc_5usgols6_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10010624 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_cf_D-ORCL_id-1342766198_5msgolrg.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10059776 2017-10-11 15:55lv0_ctl_5vsgols7_1_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 660611072 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 160440320 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 157294592 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1056768 2017-10-11 16:15lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 2017-10-11 16:15 lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
8、接下來做不完全恢復測試：
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
RMAN> startup mount;
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> set until scn 3092625; ##這個是第二次增備後（包含 insert into tmp values(1)），insert into tmpvalues(2) 前的 scn，即只恢復到tmp表插入爲1的記錄。
5> restore database;
6> recover database;
7> release channel c1;
8> release channel c2;
9> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=133 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=10 device type=DISK
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 11-OCT-17
channel c1: restoring datafile 00001
input datafile copy RECID=160 STAMP=957111322 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_5gsgolnd.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel c2: restoring datafile 00002
input datafile copy RECID=162 STAMP=957111323 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_5hsgolnd.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00001
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c1: restoring datafile 00003
input datafile copy RECID=158 STAMP=957111321 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_5jsgolp8.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel c2: copied datafile copy of datafile 00002
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c2: restoring datafile 00004
input datafile copy RECID=156 STAMP=957111320 file name=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-4_5nsgols0.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel c2: copied datafile copy of datafile 00004
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c2: restoring datafile 00005
input datafile copy RECID=157 STAMP=957111321 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-EXAMPLE_FNO-5_5ksgolra.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00005: /oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel c1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00003
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c1: restoring datafile 00006
input datafile copy RECID=161 STAMP=957111322 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-TEST_TBS_FNO-6_5isgolnd.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00006: /oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf
channel c2: copied datafile copy of datafile 00005
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c2: restoring datafile 00008
input datafile copy RECID=159 STAMP=957111321 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-GOLDENGATE_FNO-8_5lsgolra.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00008:/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf
channel c1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00006
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/test_tbs01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c1: restoring datafile 00010
input datafile copy RECID=155 STAMP=957111320 filename=/backup/rman_bak/full/lv0_data_D-ORCL_I-1342766198_TS-USERS_FNO-10_5osgols0.bak
destination for restore of datafile 00010: /oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf
channel c2: copied datafile copy of datafile 00008
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/goldengate01.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel c1: copied datafile copy of datafile 00010
output file name=/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
Finished restore at 11-OCT-17
Starting recover at 11-OCT-17
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 11-OCT-17
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
說明：以上只應用了全備文件，因爲每次增備時，都已經應用更新上一次的增備到全備文件了，並且不需要使用歸檔，就可以恢復到 tmp 表插入第一條記錄的時候了。
9、恢復後驗證：
16:23:46 SYS@orcl*SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
16:24:20 TUSER@orcl*SQL> select * from tmp;
ID
------------------
1
已經按預期進行了恢復，只恢復tmp表的插入的第一條記錄了。
以上就是使用 基於 backup as copylevel 0 database 進行增備合併的備份和恢復方法。
（完）