Java—解析XML的幾種方式

DOM的全稱是Document Object Model，也即文檔對象模型。在應用程序中，基於DOM的XML分析器將一個XML文檔轉換成一個對象模型的集合（通常稱DOM樹），應用程序正是通過對這個對象模型的操作，來實現對XML文檔數據的操作。通過DOM接口，應用程序可以在任何時候訪問XML文檔中的任何一部分數據，因此，這種利用DOM接口的機制也被稱作隨機訪問機制。

DOM接口提供了一種通過分層對象模型來訪問XML文檔信息的方式，這些分層對象模型依據XML的文檔結構形成了一棵節點樹。無論XML文檔中所描述的是什麼類型的信息，即便是製表數據、項目列表或一個文檔，利用DOM所生成的模型都是節點樹的形式。也就是說，DOM強制使用樹模型來訪問XML文檔中的信息。由於XML本質上就是一種分層結構，所以這種描述方法是相當有效的。

DOM樹所提供的隨機訪問方式給應用程序的開發帶來了很大的靈活性，它可以任意地控制整個XML文檔中的內容。然而，由於DOM分析器把整個XML文檔轉化成DOM樹放在了內存中，因此，當文檔比較大或者結構比較複雜時，對內存的需求就比較高。而且，對於結構複雜的樹的遍歷也是一項耗時的操作。所以，DOM分析器對機器性能的要求比較高，實現效率不十分理想。不過，由於DOM分析器所採用的樹結構的思想與XML文檔的結構相吻合，同時鑑於隨機訪問所帶來的方便，因此，DOM分析器還是有很廣泛的使用價值的。

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class DomTest1
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        // step 1: 獲得dom解析器工廠（工作的作用是用於創建具體的解析器）
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

//      System.out.println("class name: " + dbf.getClass().getName());

        // step 2:獲得具體的dom解析器
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();

//      System.out.println("class name: " + db.getClass().getName());

        // step3: 解析一個xml文檔，獲得Document對象（根結點）
        Document document = db.parse(new File("candidate.xml"));

        NodeList list = document.getElementsByTagName("PERSON");

        for(int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++)
        {
            Element element = (Element)list.item(i);

            String content = element.getElementsByTagName("NAME").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

            System.out.println("name:" + content);

            content = element.getElementsByTagName("ADDRESS").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

            System.out.println("address:" + content);

            content = element.getElementsByTagName("TEL").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

            System.out.println("tel:" + content);

            content = element.getElementsByTagName("FAX").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

            System.out.println("fax:" + content);

            content = element.getElementsByTagName("EMAIL").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

            System.out.println("email:" + content);

            System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
        }
    }
}

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Comment;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

/**
 * 使用遞歸解析給定的任意一個xml文檔並且將其內容輸出到命令行上
 * @author zhanglong
 *
 */
public class DomTest3
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();

        Document doc = db.parse(new File("student.xml"));
        //獲得根元素結點
        Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();

        parseElement(root);
    }

    private static void parseElement(Element element)
    {
        String tagName = element.getNodeName();

        NodeList children = element.getChildNodes();

        System.out.print("<" + tagName);

        //element元素的所有屬性所構成的NamedNodeMap對象，需要對其進行判斷
        NamedNodeMap map = element.getAttributes();

        //如果該元素存在屬性
        if(null != map)
        {
            for(int i = 0; i < map.getLength(); i++)
            {
                //獲得該元素的每一個屬性
                Attr attr = (Attr)map.item(i);

                String attrName = attr.getName();
                String attrValue = attr.getValue();

                System.out.print(" " + attrName + "=\"" + attrValue + "\"");
            }
        }

        System.out.print(">");

        for(int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++)
        {
            Node node = children.item(i);
            //獲得結點的類型
            short nodeType = node.getNodeType();

            if(nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE)
            {
                //是元素，繼續遞歸
                parseElement((Element)node);
            }
            else if(nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE)
            {
                //遞歸出口
                System.out.print(node.getNodeValue());
            }
            else if(nodeType == Node.COMMENT_NODE)
            {
                System.out.print("<!--");

                Comment comment = (Comment)node;

                //註釋內容
                String data = comment.getData();

                System.out.print(data);

                System.out.print("-->");
            }
        }

        System.out.print("</" + tagName + ">");
    }
}

sax：SAX的全稱是Simple APIs for XML，也即XML簡單應用程序接口。與DOM不同，SAX提供的訪問模式是一種順序模式，這是一種快速讀寫XML數據的方式。當使用SAX分析器對XML文檔進行分析時，會觸發一系列事件，並激活相應的事件處理函數，應用程序通過這些事件處理函數實現對XML文檔的訪問，因而SAX接口也被稱作事件驅動接口。

 

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SaxTest1
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        //step1： 獲得SAX解析器工廠實例
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

        //step2: 獲得SAX解析器實例
        SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();

        //step3: 開始進行解析
        parser.parse(new File("student.xml"), new MyHandler());

    }
}

class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler
{
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException
    {
        System.out.println("parse began");
    }

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException
    {
        System.out.println("parse finished");
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
            Attributes attributes) throws SAXException
    {
        System.out.println("start element");
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
            throws SAXException
    {
        System.out.println("finish element");
    }
}

 

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Stack;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SaxTest2
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

        SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();

        parser.parse(new File("student.xml"), new MyHandler2());
    }
}

class MyHandler2 extends DefaultHandler
{
    private Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>();

    private String name;

    private String gender;

    private String age;

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
            Attributes attributes) throws SAXException
    {
        stack.push(qName);

        for(int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++)
        {
            String attrName = attributes.getQName(i);
            String attrValue = attributes.getValue(i);

            System.out.println(attrName + "=" + attrValue);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
            throws SAXException
    {
        String tag = stack.peek();

        if("姓名".equals(tag))
        {
            name = new String(ch, start,length);
        }
        else if("性別".equals(tag))
        {
            gender = new String(ch, start, length);
        }
        else if("年齡".equals(tag))
        {
            age = new String(ch, start, length);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
            throws SAXException
    {
        stack.pop(); //表示該元素已經解析完畢，需要從棧中彈出

        if("學生".equals(qName))
        {
            System.out.println("姓名：" + name);
            System.out.println("性別：" + gender);
            System.out.println("年齡：" + age);

            System.out.println();
        }

    }
}

 

JDOM:

JDOM是一個開源項目，它基於樹型結構，利用純JAVA的技術對XML文檔實現解析、生成、序列化以及多種操作。（http://jdom.org）

•JDOM 直接爲JAVA編程服務。它利用更爲強有力的JAVA語言的諸多特性（方法重載、集合概念等），把SAX和DOM的功能有效地結合起來。

•JDOM是用Java語言讀、寫、操作XML的新API函數。在直接、簡單和高效的前提下，這些API函數被最大限度的優化。

 

 

jdom創建xml

import java.io.FileWriter;

import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Comment;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.output.Format;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

public class JDomTest1
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Document document = new Document();

        Element root = new Element("root");

        document.addContent(root);

        Comment comment = new Comment("This is my comments");

        root.addContent(comment);

        Element e = new Element("hello");

        e.setAttribute("sohu", "www.sohu.com");

        root.addContent(e);

        Element e2 = new Element("world");

        Attribute attr = new Attribute("test", "hehe");

        e2.setAttribute(attr);

        e.addContent(e2);

        e2.addContent(new Element("aaa").setAttribute("a", "b")
                .setAttribute("x", "y").setAttribute("gg", "hh").setText("text content"));


        Format format = Format.getPrettyFormat();

        format.setIndent("    ");
//      format.setEncoding("gbk");

        XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(format);

        out.output(document, new FileWriter("jdom.xml"));

    }
}

 

JDOM解析xml

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;

import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.Format;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

public class JDomTest2
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();

        Document doc = builder.build(new File("jdom.xml"));

        Element element = doc.getRootElement();

        System.out.println(element.getName());

        Element hello = element.getChild("hello");

        System.out.println(hello.getText());

        List list = hello.getAttributes();

        for(int i = 0 ;i < list.size(); i++)
        {
            Attribute attr = (Attribute)list.get(i);

            String attrName = attr.getName();
            String attrValue = attr.getValue();

            System.out.println(attrName + "=" + attrValue);
        }

        hello.removeChild("world");

        XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat().setIndent("    "));


        out.output(doc, new FileOutputStream("jdom2.xml"));

    }
}

 

 

Dom4j

 

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

public class Test1
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        // 創建文檔並設置文檔的根元素節點 ：第一種方式
        // Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
        //
        // Element root = DocumentHelper.createElement("student");
        //
        // document.setRootElement(root);

        // 創建文檔並設置文檔的根元素節點 ：第二種方式
        Element root = DocumentHelper.createElement("student");
        Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(root);

        root.addAttribute("name", "zhangsan");

        Element helloElement = root.addElement("hello");
        Element worldElement = root.addElement("world");

        helloElement.setText("hello");
        worldElement.setText("world");

        helloElement.addAttribute("age", "20");

        XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter();
        xmlWriter.write(document);

        OutputFormat format = new OutputFormat("    ", true);

        XMLWriter xmlWriter2 = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream("student2.xml"), format);
        xmlWriter2.write(document);

        XMLWriter xmlWriter3 = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter("student3.xml"), format);

        xmlWriter3.write(document);
        xmlWriter3.close();

    }
}

 

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.DOMReader;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class Test2
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();

        Document doc = saxReader.read(new File("student2.xml"));

        Element root = doc.getRootElement();

        System.out.println("root element: " + root.getName());

        List childList = root.elements();

        System.out.println(childList.size());

        List childList2 = root.elements("hello");

        System.out.println(childList2.size());

        Element first = root.element("hello");

        System.out.println(first.attributeValue("age"));

        for(Iterator iter = root.elementIterator(); iter.hasNext();)
        {
            Element e = (Element)iter.next();

            System.out.println(e.attributeValue("age"));
        }

        System.out.println("---------------------------");

        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        org.w3c.dom.Document document = db.parse(new File("student2.xml"));

        DOMReader domReader = new DOMReader();

        //將JAXP的Document轉換爲dom4j的Document
        Document d = domReader.read(document);

        Element rootElement = d.getRootElement();

        System.out.println(rootElement.getName());

    }
}

 

import java.io.FileWriter;

import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.output.Format;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

public class Test3
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Document document = new Document();

        Element root = new Element("聯繫人列表").setAttribute(new Attribute("公司",
                "A集團"));

        document.addContent(root);

        Element contactPerson = new Element("聯繫人");

        root.addContent(contactPerson);

        contactPerson
                .addContent(new Element("姓名").setText("張三"))
                .addContent(new Element("公司").setText("A公司"))
                .addContent(new Element("電話").setText("021-55556666"))
                .addContent(
                        new Element("地址")
                                .addContent(new Element("街道").setText("5街"))
                                .addContent(new Element("城市").setText("上海"))
                                .addContent(new Element("省份").setText("上海市")));

        XMLOutputter output = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat()
                .setIndent("    ").setEncoding("gbk"));

        output.output(document, new FileWriter("contact.xml"));

    }
}

附：

XML現在已經成爲一種通用的數據交換格式,它的平臺無關性,語言無關性,系統無關性,給數據集成與交互帶來了極大的方便。對於XML本身的語法知識與技術細節,需要閱讀相關的技術文獻,這裏麪包括的內容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具體可參閱w3c官方網站文檔http://www.w3.org獲取更多信息。

XML在不同的語言裏解析方式都是一樣的,只不過實現的語法不同而已。基本的解析方式有兩種,一種叫SAX，另一種叫DOM。SAX是基於事件流的解析,DOM是基於XML文檔樹結構的解析。假設我們XML的內容和結構如下: 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<employees> 
<employee> 
<name>ddviplinux</name> 
<sex>m</sex> 
<age>30</age> 
</employee> 
</employees>

本文使用JAVA語言來實現DOM與SAX的XML文檔生成與解析。 
首先定義一個操作XML文檔的接口XmlDocument 它定義了XML文檔的建立與解析的接口。

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* 定義XML文檔建立與解析的接口 
*/ 
public interface XmlDocument { 
/** 
* 建立XML文檔 
* @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱 
*/ 
public void createXml(String fileName); 
/** 
* 解析XML文檔 
* @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱 
*/ 
public void parserXml(String fileName); 
} 

1.DOM生成和解析XML文檔

爲 XML 文檔的已解析版本定義了一組接口。解析器讀入整個文檔，然後構建一個駐留內存的樹結構，然後代碼就可以使用 DOM 接口來操作這個樹結構。優點：整個文檔樹在內存中，便於操作；支持刪除、修改、重新排列等多種功能；缺點：將整個文檔調入內存（包括無用的節點），浪費時間和空間；使用場合：一旦解析了文檔還需多次訪問這些數據；硬件資源充足（內存、CPU）。 

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.FileOutputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.PrintWriter; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; 
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; 
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; 
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; 
import org.w3c.dom.Document; 
import org.w3c.dom.Element; 
import org.w3c.dom.Node; 
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* DOM生成與解析XML文檔 
*/ 
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument { 
private Document document; 
private String fileName; 
public void init() { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory 
.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 
this.document = builder.newDocument(); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees"); 
this.document.appendChild(root); 
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee"); 
Element name = this.document.createElement("name"); 
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮")); 
employee.appendChild(name); 
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex"); 
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m")); 
employee.appendChild(sex); 
Element age = this.document.createElement("age"); 
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30")); 
employee.appendChild(age); 
root.appendChild(employee); 
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer(); 
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312"); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); 
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName)); 
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw); 
transformer.transform(source, result); 
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!"); 
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (TransformerException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); 
Document document = db.parse(fileName); 
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes(); 
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) { 
Node employee = employees.item(i); 
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes(); 
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) { 
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j); 
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes(); 
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) { 
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName() 
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent()); 
} 
} 
} 
System.out.println("解析完畢"); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
} 

2.SAX生成和解析XML文檔

爲解決DOM的問題，出現了SAX。SAX ，事件驅動。當解析器發現元素開始、元素結束、文本、文檔的開始或結束等時，發送事件，程序員編寫響應這些事件的代碼，保存數據。優點：不用事先調入整個文檔，佔用資源少；SAX解析器代碼比DOM解析器代碼小，適於Applet，下載。缺點：不是持久的；事件過後，若沒保存數據，那麼數據就丟了；無狀態性；從事件中只能得到文本，但不知該文本屬於哪個元素；使用場合：Applet;只需XML文檔的少量內容，很少回頭訪問；機器內存少；

Java代碼

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.FileInputStream;   
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;   
import java.io.IOException;   
import java.io.InputStream;   

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;   
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;   
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;   

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;   
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;   
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;   
/**  
*   
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* SAX文檔解析  
*/  
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {   

public void createXml(String fileName) {   
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");   
}   

public void parserXml(String fileName) {   
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();   

try {   

SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();   

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);   

saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());   

} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (SAXException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (IOException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

}   

}   

}   

class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {   

boolean hasAttribute = false;   

Attributes attributes = null;   

public void startDocument() throws SAXException {   

System.out.println("文檔開始打印了");   

}   

public void endDocument() throws SAXException {   

System.out.println("文檔打印結束了");   

}   

public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,   

Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {   

if (qName.equals("employees")) {   

return;   

}   

if (qName.equals("employee")) {   

System.out.println(qName);   

}   

if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {   

this.attributes = attributes;   

this.hasAttribute = true;   

}   

}   

public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)   

throws SAXException {   

if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {   

for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {   

System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)   
+ attributes.getValue(0));   

}   

}   

}   

public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)   

throws SAXException {   

System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));   

}   

}  
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; 
import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* SAX文檔解析 
*/ 
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>"); 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); 
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); 
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} 
} 
} 
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { 
boolean hasAttribute = false; 
Attributes attributes = null; 
public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文檔開始打印了"); 
} 
public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文檔打印結束了"); 
} 
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, 
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { 
if (qName.equals("employees")) { 
return; 
} 
if (qName.equals("employee")) { 
System.out.println(qName); 
} 
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { 
this.attributes = attributes; 
this.hasAttribute = true; 
} 
} 
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) 
throws SAXException { 
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { 
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { 
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) 
+ attributes.getValue(0)); 
} 
} 
} 
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) 
throws SAXException { 
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length)); 
} 
} 

3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文檔

DOM4J 是一個非常非常優秀的Java XML API，具有性能優異、功能強大和極端易用使用的特點，同時它也是一個開放源代碼的軟件。如今你可以看到越來越多的 Java 軟件都在使用 DOM4J 來讀寫 XML，特別值得一提的是連 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

Java代碼

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.File;   
import java.io.FileWriter;   
import java.io.IOException;   
import java.io.Writer;   
import java.util.Iterator;   

import org.dom4j.Document;   
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;   
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;   
import org.dom4j.Element;   
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;   
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;   
/**  
*   
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* Dom4j 生成XML文檔與解析XML文檔  
*/  
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {   

public void createXml(String fileName) {   
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();   
Element employees=document.addElement("employees");   
Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");   
Element name= employee.addElement("name");   
name.setText("ddvip");   
Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");   
sex.setText("m");   
Element age=employee.addElement("age");   
age.setText("29");   
try {   
Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);   
XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);   
xmlWriter.write(document);   
xmlWriter.close();   
} catch (IOException e) {   

System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
}   


}   


public void parserXml(String fileName) {   
File inputXml=new File(fileName);   
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();   
try {   
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);   
Element employees=document.getRootElement();   
for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){   
Element employee = (Element) i.next();   
for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){   
Element node=(Element) j.next();   
System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());   
}   

}   
} catch (DocumentException e) {   
System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
}   
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");   
}   
}   

4.JDOM生成和解析XML  

爲減少DOM、SAX的編碼量，出現了JDOM；優點：20-80原則，極大減少了代碼量。使用場合：要實現的功能簡單，如解析、創建等，但在底層，JDOM還是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文檔。

   
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import java.io.FileNotFoundException;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import java.io.FileOutputStream;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import java.io.IOException;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import java.util.List;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import org.jdom.Document;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import org.jdom.Element;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import org.jdom.JDOMException;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />/**  <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />*   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />* @author hongliang.dinghl  <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />* JDOM 生成與解析XML文檔  <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />*   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />*/  <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />public void createXml(String fileName) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Document document;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element  root;   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />root=new Element("employees");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />document=new Document(root);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element employee=new Element("employee");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />root.addContent(employee);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element name=new Element("name");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />name.setText("ddvip");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />employee.addContent(name);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element sex=new Element("sex");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />sex.setText("m");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />employee.addContent(sex);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element age=new Element("age");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />age.setText("23");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />employee.addContent(age);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />try {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />e.printStackTrace();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />} catch (IOException e) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />e.printStackTrace();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />public void parserXml(String fileName) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false);    <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />try {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Document document=builder.build(fileName);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />Element employees=document.getRootElement();    <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />List employeeList=employees.getChildren("employee");   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />for(int i=0;i<employeelist.size();i++){ 
Element employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />for(int j=0;j<employeeinfo.size();j++){ 
System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+":"+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />} catch (JDOMException e) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />e.printStackTrace();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />} catch (IOException e) {   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />e.printStackTrace();   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}    <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" /><br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   <br style="clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px;" />}   
</span>