Spring事務配置的五種方式

http://www.blogjava.net/robbie/archive/2009/04/05/264003.html

前段時間對Spring的事務配置做了比較深入的研究，在此之間對Spring的事務配置雖說也配置過，但是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。通過這次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，還是比較好掌握的。

    總結如下：

    Spring配置文件中關於事務配置總是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，無論哪種配置方式，一般變化的只是代理機制這部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據數據訪問方式有所變化，比如使用Hibernate進行數據訪問時，DataSource實際爲SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實現爲HibernateTransactionManager。

    具體如下圖：

    根據代理機制的不同，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一種方式：每個Bean都有一個代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <bean id="userDao" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
           <!-- 配置事務管理器--> 
           <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <propertyname="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
         <propertyname="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事務屬性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

    第二種方式：所有Bean共享一個代理基類

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <bean id="transactionBase" 
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
        <!-- 配置事務管理器--> 
        <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事務屬性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>   
  
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 
        <propertyname="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
    </bean>
</beans>

第三種方式：使用攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean> 
  
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
        <propertyname="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事務屬性--> 
        <propertyname="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>
     
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
        <propertyname="beanNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list> 
        </property> 
        <propertyname="interceptorNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
            </list> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>
    <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:methodname="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
   
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />       
    </aop:config>     
</beans>

第五種方式：全註解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>
    <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <propertyname="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <propertyname="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定義事務管理器（聲明式的事務）--> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <propertyname="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
</beans>

此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImplextends HibernateDaoSupportimplements UserDao {

    public List<User> listUsers() {
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }
   
   
}