HBase简单shell操作命令
1、Hbase Shell 练习
$ /bin/hbase shell
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 0.94.27, rfb434617716493eac82b55180b0bbd653beb90bf, Thu Mar 19 06:17:55 UTC 2015
hbase(main):001:0>输入help 然后 按回车键，可以看到一列shell命令。这里的帮助很详细，要注意的是表名，行和列需要加引号。
hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 0.94.27, rfb434617716493eac82b55180b0bbd653beb90bf, Thu Mar 19 06:17:55 UTC 2015
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
COMMAND GROUPS:
Group name: general
Commands: status, version, whoami
Group name: ddl
Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, show_filters
Group name: dml
Commands: count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
Group name: tools
Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, close_region, compact, flush, hlog_roll, major_compact, move, split, unassign, zk_dump
Group name: replication
Commands: add_peer, disable_peer, enable_peer, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, start_replication, stop_replication
Group name: snapshot
Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot
Group name: security
Commands: grant, revoke, user_permission
SHELL USAGE:
Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimit
command parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.
Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
Ruby Hashes. They look like this:
{'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}
and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the
'=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as
NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type
'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.
If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:
hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd"
hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011"
hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40"
The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.
For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/docs/current/book.html
hbase(main):002:0>以网上的一个学生成绩表的例子来演示hbase的用法。
这里grad对于表来说是一个只有它自己的列族,course对于表来说是一个有两个列的列族,这个列族由两个列组成math和art,当然我们可以根据我们的需要在course中建立更多的列族,如computer,physics等相应的列添加入course列族。
create命令用法：
create 'table_name', 'column_family_name1', 'column_family_name2', ....
其中，table_name指表名，column_family_name1为第一个列族名，column_family_name2为第二个列族名，可以加多个列族名
用create创建一个名为 scores的表，这个表有两个列族(column family),分别为grad和courese，操作如下：
hbase(main):002:0> create 'scores', 'grade', 'course'
0 row(s) in 4.1860 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - scoreslist命令用法：
1、list
列出所有的表
2、list 'table_name'
列出表名为table_name的表
用list列出所有的表来检查创建情况，操作如下：
hbase(main):003:0> list
TABLE
scores
1 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds
=> ["scores"]put命令比较简单，只有一种用法：
put 'table_name', 'row_value', 'column_name', 'value', timestamp
其中，table_name指表名，row_value指行键值，column_name指列名（具体到某个列族下的某个列），value指单元格的值，timestamp指时间戳，一般省略
按设计的表结构用put插入值，操作如下：
hbase(main):004:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'grade', '5'
0 row(s) in 0.0770 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'course:math', '97'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'course:art', '87'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> put 'scores', 'Jim', 'grade', '4'
0 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> put 'scores', 'Jim', 'course:math', '89'
0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
hbase(main):009:0> put 'scores', 'Jim', 'course:art', '80'
0 row(s) in 0.0090 secondsscan命令用法：
1、scan 'table_name'
扫描表名为'table_name'的表
用scan扫描表名为scores的表，操作如下：
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'scores'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:art, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=course:math, timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
Jim column=grade:, timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
Tom column=course:art, timestamp=1429439680468, value=87
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97
Tom column=grade:, timestamp=1429439628765, value=5
2 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds2、scan 'table_name'，{COLUMNS => 'column_name'，LIMIT => 10, STARTROW => 'row_value'}
扫描表名为'table_name'的表,列名为column_name的，行键值以row_value开始的10条数据
用scan扫描表名为scores的表，列名为course:math的数据，操作如下：
hbase(main):011:0> scan 'scores', {COLUMNS => 'course:math'}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:math, timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97
2 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds3、scan 'table_name'，{COLUMNS => ['column_name1','column_name2']，LIMIT => 10, STARTROW => 'row_value'}
扫描表名为'table_name'的表,列名为column_name1和column_name2的，行键值以row_value开始的10条数据
hbase(main):008:0> scan 'scores', {COLUMNS => ['course:math','course:art']}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:art, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=course:math, timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
Tom column=course:art, timestamp=1429439680468, value=87
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97
2 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds4、scan 'table_name'，{COLUMNS => ['column_name1','column_name2']，LIMIT => 10, STARTROW => 'row_value'， VERSIONS => 'n'}
scan操作默认只扫描最新版本的数据，如果想扫描多版本的数据，操作如下：
hbase(main):009:0> scan 'scores', {COLUMNS => 'course:math', VERSIONS => 2]}
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:math, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=course:math, timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439680468, value=87
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97
2 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds用get查询表名为scores，行键值为Jim的数据，操作如下：
hbase(main):011:0> get 'scores', 'Jim'
COLUMN CELL
course:art timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
course:math timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
grade: timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
3 row(s) in 0.0160 secondsget命令用法：
1、get 'table_name', 'row_value'
查询表名为table_name，行键值为row_value的数据
用get查询表名为scores，行键值为Jim的数据，操作如下：
hbase(main):011:0> get 'scores', 'Jim'
COLUMN CELL
course:art timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
course:math timestamp=1429439727558, value=89
grade: timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
3 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds
2、get 'table_name', 'row_value'，{COLUMN => 'column_name'}
get 'table_name', 'row_value'，'column_name'
上述两种方法相同，查询表名为table_name，行键值为row_value，列名为column_name的数据
用get查询表名为scores，行键值为Jim，列名为course:art的数据，操作如下：hbase(main):012:0> get 'scores', 'Jim', {COLUMN => 'course:art'}
COLUMN CELL
course:art timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
1 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds3、get 'table_name', 'row_value', {COLUMN => ['column_name1', 'column_name2']}
get 'table_name', 'row_value', ['column_name1', 'column_name2']
get 'table_name', 'row_value', 'column_name1', 'column_name2'
上述三种方法相同，查询表名为table_name，行键值为row_value，列名为column_name1和column_name2的数据
用get查询表名为scores，行键值为Jim，列名为course:art和course:math的数据，操作如下：hbase(main):013:0> get 'scores', 'Jim', 'course:art','course:math'
COLUMN CELL
course:art timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
1 row(s) in 0.0040 secondsdelete命令用法：
1、delete 'table_name', 'row_value'，{COLUMN => 'column_name'}
delete 'table_name', 'row_value'，'column_name'
用delete删除表名为scores，行键值为Jim,列名为course:math的单元格，操作如下：
hbase(main):009:0> delete 'scores', 'Jim', 'course:math'
0 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds检查一下数据是否被删除，操作如下：
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'scores'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:art, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=grade:, timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
Tom column=course:art, timestamp=1429439680468, value=87
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97</span>
检查一下数据是否被删除，操作如下：
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'scores'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:art, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=grade:, timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
Tom column=course:art, timestamp=1429439680468, value=87
Tom column=course:math, timestamp=1429439671589, value=97deleteall 'table_name', 'row_value'
删除表名为table_name，行键值为row_value的整行数据
用deleteall删除表名为scores，行键值为Tom的整行数据，操作如下：
hbase(main):018:0> deleteall 'scores', 'Tom'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds检查一下数据是否被删除，操作如下：
hbase(main):019:0> scan 'scores'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
Jim column=course:art, timestamp=1429439736957, value=80
Jim column=grade:, timestamp=1429439693821, value=4
1 row(s) in 0.0110 secondsdisable命令用法：
disable 'table_name'
禁用表名为'table_name'的表
用disable先禁用表名为scores的表，操作如下：
hbase(main):020:0> disable 'scores'
0 row(s) in 1.2230 secondsalter命令用法：
1、alter 'table_name'，NAME => 'column_family_name'
2、alter 'table_name', NAME => 'column_family_name'，METHOD => 'delete'
删除表名为'table_name'， 列族名为'column_family_name'的列族
删除表名为scores，列族名为grade的列族，操作如下：
hbase(main):025:0> alter 'scores', NAME => 'grade', METHOD => 'delete'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.1000 secondscount命令操作：
count 'table_name'
统计表名为‘table_name'的行数
hbase(main):027:0> count 'scores'
1 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds
=> 1drop命令操作：
drop 'table_name'
删除表名为table_name的表。PS:要先用disable命令停用表后才可以删除
用 drop删除表，操作如下：
hbase(main):035:0> drop 'scores'
0 row(s) in 0.1470 seconds关闭shell
hbase(main):013:0> exit5、停止Hbase Shell
运行停止脚本来停止HBase.
$ ./bin/stop-hbase.sh
stopping hbase..............