linux6.5
oracle12c 12.1.0.2
一、安装前准备
安装oracle12c之前需要检查系统的软硬件条件，我安装在自己的虚拟机上，安装前是没有检查系统硬盘大小的，导致我在安装时因为存储空间不足安装失败，我把虚拟机空间扩容了20g才安装成功，所以建议大家再安装时保留 20g的存储空间。
具体的检查情况我在下面列一下：
1. 内存要求
1) 最小值为1 GB of RAM，建议值为2 GB of RAM or more；
2) 查询命令：# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
本测试系统环境为Linux 6.4（x86-64），内存有1.8G多，满足Oracle 12c的内存安装要求。
2. 交换空间要求
1) 查询命令：# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
2) 通过命令：# free查看内存和交换空间的使用情况。
由上面本机内存1.8G可知，只要交换空间在1.8*1.5以上就可以，查询可知本机的交换空间接近4G，满足要求。
以上检查完毕应该都可以满足；
3.下面是配置
（1）配置/etc/sysctl.conf，具体配置：
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf f
ile
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
#
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
保存后执行/sbin/sysctl -p 使配置生效
（2）配置/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf（90-nproc.conf 这个文件 不同系统可以名字不同，在该路径下自己查看）
# Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent
# accidental fork bombs.
# See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.
* soft nproc 1024
root soft nproc unlimited
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
配置后保存:qw
4.检查Oracle需要的rpm安装情况
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat
没有安装的包， 要依次去下载并且安装就可以了。
yum install glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.i686 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.i686 libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.i686 libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686 libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686 libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.i686
5.创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall ----创建oracle用户组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba----创建oracle用户组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle----oracle加入新建的2个用户组
[rroot@localhost ~]# passwd oracle ----设置oracle用户的密码
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/oracle ----创建oracle安装目录
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/oracle ----更改oracle目录用户组
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /usr/oracle ----更改oracle目录权限
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/oracinstall----更改oracle安装文件所在目录的用户组
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /opt/oracle/oracinstall----更改oracle安装文件所在目录的操作权限
6.关闭防火墙
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
7.配置环境变量（oracle用户 home/oracle下 vi .bash_profile）
# use for oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.217.131:0.0
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl12c
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=en_US----·À¹Oracle°²װ½ç£¬Ï°Ñï»·¾³¸ÄªӢÎ
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
7. 配置修改/etc/hosts文件
安装RHEL的时候最好采用静态IP地址
添加IP地址和域名的映射关系，进入hosts文件，在文件末尾加上本机实际IP和主机用户名（我的主机名是默认的）
上面的步骤完成就可以安装了
二、安装Oracle 12c数据库
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_1of2.zip
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_se2_2of2.zip
我的安装文件放在/opt/oracle 这个目录下
1、静默安装
[billi@slc03nuj Disk1]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/billi/binlearn/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 136617 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1185 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-07-20_11-50-04PM. Please wait ...[billi@slc03nuj Disk1]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
/scratch/billi/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2013-07-20_11-50-04PM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
Please check '/scratch/billi/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2013-07-20_11-50-04PM.log' for more details.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.
出现Successfully Setup Software. 表示安装完成了，下面就是执行上面的脚本就好了，如果出现任何问题一定要去日志目录下面查看日志，这里不详细说。
2、以root用户运行root.sh
3、配置Net Listener
配置，添加监听 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cat netca.rsp| grep -Ev "^#|^$"
[oracle@localhost~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /u01/database/response/netca.rsp(用oracle用户执行 环境变量配置准全)
[oracle@localhost~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux:Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 29-MAR-2018 04:09:12
Copyright (c)1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of theLISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 29-MAR-2018 04:08:47
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 25 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener ParameterFile /usr/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener LogFile /usr/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listenersupports no services
The commandcompleted successfully
4、创建数据库，修改相应文件，有些参数有默认值就不需要
cat/opt/oracle/oracinstall/database/response/dbca.rsp | grep -Ev '^#|^$'
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
SID = "orcl12c"
TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "My CloneTEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"
GDBNAME = "orcl12.us.oracle.com"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
NODENAME=
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl12c.us.oracle.com"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl12c"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[CREATEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[UNPLUGDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
ARCHIVETYPE = "TAR"
[DELETEPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[CONFIGUREPLUGGABLEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
PDBNAME = "PDB1"
[oracle@localhost ~]$
创建数据库
[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca -silent-createDatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/oracinstall/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password: sys
Enter SYSTEM user password: system
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
33% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file"/usr/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl12c/orcl12c.log" for furtherdetails.
5、查看状态
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on ThuMar 29 17:37:06 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Standard Edition Release12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select * from dual;
D
-
X
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> ^C
6、查看状态 出现错误：
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
.bash_profile中的sid不正确
到此为止，我安装oracle12c的步骤已经完成。