轉自：http://www.huihoo.org/apache/tomcat/heavyz/02-catalina.sh.html
1 - 概述
腳本catalina.sh用於啓動和關閉tomcat服務器，是最關鍵的腳本
另外的腳本startup.sh和shutdown.sh都是使用不同的參數調用了該腳本
該腳本的使用方法如下（引自該腳本本身）：
2 - 腳本分析
#!/bin/sh # ============================================================= # 該腳本設置正確的環境變量和系統信息，然後啓動或者停止tomcat server # 具體的操作是： # 使用命令行參數作爲args的實參，調用org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(String[]) # ============================================================== # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server # # Environment Variable Prequisites # # CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. # # CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions # of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to # the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. # # CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", # "stop", or "run" command is executed. # # CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory # the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to # $CATALINA_BASE/temp. # # JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. # # JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", # "stop", or "run" command is executed. # # JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start" # command is executed. The default is "dt_socket". # # JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" # command is executed. The default is 8000. # # JSSE_HOME (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension # (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the # system class path used to start Tomcat. # # CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid # of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false. cygwin=false case "`uname`" in CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;; esac # PRG是被執行的腳本的名稱，可以認爲PRG=="catalina.sh"，也可能是某個符號鏈，指向該腳本。 PRG="$0" # 處理了一下PRG，等循環跳出之後PRG成爲 ???? while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"` link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> /(.*/)$'` if expr "$link" : '.*/.*' > /dev/null; then PRG="$link" else PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link" fi done # PRGDIR是PRG的目錄路徑名稱 PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"` # 執行$CATALINA_HOME/BIN/setenv.sh來設置環境變量 # [ -r filename ] 是判斷是否文件存在且可讀 CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." ; pwd` if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh fi # For Cygwin, 確保所有的路徑名都符合UNIX格式 if $cygwin; then [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"` [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"` [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ] && JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --path --unix "$JSSE_HOME"` fi # 設置用來初始化SystemClassLoader的CLASSPATH變量：通過執行腳本setclasspath.sh完成 # 注意：腳本setclasspath.sh改變了原來的$CLASSPATH變量，而把它設爲： # CLASSPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar # 其中bootstrap.jar是package org.apache.catalina.startup的打包文件， # 含有啓動方法org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(String[] args) # tools.jar含有javac編譯器，用來把jsp文件編譯成爲servlet class if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then BASEDIR="$CATALINA_HOME" . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh else echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh" echo "This file is needed to run this program" exit 1 fi # 在CLASSPATH環境變量後面補上一些JAR文件 # [ -n string ] 判斷字符串是否長度非0；[ -z string ] 判斷字符串是否長度爲0 # 它們可以用來判斷是否某個環境變量已經被設置 if [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ]; then CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jcert.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jnet.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jsse.jar fi CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar # 指定CATALINA_BASE變量 # 如果CATALINA_BASE沒有值，就讓CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME if [ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] ; then CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME" fi # 指定CATALINA_TMPDIR變量 # 如果CATALINA_TMPDIR沒有值，就讓CATALINA_TMPDIR=$CATALINA_BASE/temp if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp fi # For Cygwin, 在執行java程序前把路徑名轉換成WINDOWS格式 if $cygwin; then JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_HOME"` CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"` CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"` CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"` CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"` JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JSSE_HOME"` fi # 顯示信息，然後執行命令 echo "Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE" echo "Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME" echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR" echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME" # ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是jpda的時候...... if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then JPDA_ADDRESS="8000" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then JPDA_OPTS="-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=n" fi CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS" shift fi # ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是debug的時候...... if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-4.0/catalina/src/share / -Djava.security.manager / -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-4.0/catalina/src/share / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi # ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是embedded的時候...... elif [ "$1" = "embedded" ] ; then shift echo "Embedded Classpath: $CLASSPATH" exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Embedded "$@" # +----------------------------------------------------+ # | ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是run的時候...... | # | 在當前窗口中啓動tomcat服務器！！！ | # +----------------------------------------------------+ elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then # 把參數run去掉 shift # 如果參數是run -security，則啓動Security Manager if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Djava.security.manager / -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start # 如果參數是孤單的run，則在本窗口中啓動tomcat服務器 # 在本窗口中啓動的方法是使用exec，讓當前進程fork一個新進程來啓動tomcat，當前進程是tomcat的父進程 # 啓動tomcat的類是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main("start"); else exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi # +----------------------------------------------------+ # | ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是start的時候...... | # | 在新窗口中啓動tomcat服務器！！！ | # +----------------------------------------------------+ elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then # 把參數start去掉 shift # 創建一個文件（如果文件不存在的話）$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out touch "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out # 如果參數是start -security，則啓動Security Manager if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then echo "Using Security Manager" shift "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Djava.security.manager / -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start / >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 & if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > $CATALINA_PID fi # 如果參數是孤單的start，那麼在新窗口中啓動tomcat else "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start / >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 & if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > $CATALINA_PID fi fi # +----------------------------------------------------+ # | ......當執行catalina.sh的參數是stop的時候...... | # | 關閉tomcat服務器！！！ | # +----------------------------------------------------+ elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then # 把參數stop去掉 shift # 關閉tomcat服務器的類是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap->main("stop"); # 注意：java -D 是設置系統屬性 exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS / -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" / -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" / -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" / -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" / org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop # +----------------------------------------------------+ # | ......當執行catalina.sh的參數不可辨認的時候...... | # | 打印幫助信息，由此查看各種參數代表的意義！！！ | # +----------------------------------------------------+ else echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )" echo "commands:" echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager" echo " embedded Start Catalina in embedded mode" echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger" echo " run Start Catalina in the current window" echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager" echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window" echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager" echo " stop Stop Catalina" exit 1 fi
echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )" echo "commands:" echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager" echo " embedded Start Catalina in embedded mode" echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger" echo " run Start Catalina in the current window" echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager" echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window" echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager" echo " stop Stop Catalina"