1.故障現象：
報ORA-01031: insufficient privileges 錯誤，本地命名方式無法登錄：
[oracle@edbjr2p2 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD3 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 04:32:12 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name: ll
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01005: null password given; logon denied
2.嘗試OS 驗證登錄，登陸正常，暫時排除數據庫本身問題：
[oracle@edbjr2p2 admin]$export ORACLE_SID=PROD3
[oracle@edbjr2p2 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 04:33:08 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SYS @ PROD3 >show parameter remote
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_dependencies_mode string TIMESTAMP
remote_listener string
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
remote_os_authent boolean FALSE
remote_os_roles boolean FALSE
result_cache_remote_expiration integer 0
# 發現沒有密碼文件用戶（或未發現），也無法授予權限，提示密碼文件丟失或無效：
SYS @ PROD3 >select * from v$pwfile_users;
no rows selected
SYS @ PROD3 >grant sysdba to sys;
grant sysdba to sys
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01994: GRANT failed: password file missing or disabled
SYS @ PROD3 >exit
[oracle@edbjr2p2 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
#發現密碼文件拼寫有誤：
[oracle@edbjr2p2 dbs]$ ll
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jan 18 18:57 hc_PROD3.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 535 Jan 18 19:00 initPROD3.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Jan 18 19:14 lkPROD3
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5120 Jan 18 18:47 orapwdPROD3
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jan 18 19:58 spfilePROD3.ora
#重建密碼文件
[oracle@edbjr2p2 dbs]$ orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdPROD3'password=oracle
OPW-00005: File with same name exists - please delete or rename
[oracle@edbjr2p2 dbs]$ rm orapwdPROD3
[oracle@edbjr2p2 dbs]$ orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD3'password=oracle
[oracle@edbjr2p2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD3
[oracle@edbjr2p2 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@PROD3 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 04:59:12 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS @ PROD3 >
SYS @ PROD3 >select * from v$pwfile_users;
USERNAME SYSDB SYSOP SYSAS
------------------------------ ----- ----- -----
SYS TRUE TRUE FALSE
如果口令文件創建的有問題，也是會報如下的錯誤：
ora-01031:insufficient privileges
口令文件的命名格式應爲orapwsid，並且sid是區分大小寫的。由於Target Database連接Auxiliary Database時需要驗證口令，
如果違反了以上規則，將會提示ORA-01031: insufficient privileges。
博文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/kelantas/archive/2011/02/18/1958173.html
博文鏈接2：http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/article/details/4301266