一、基礎環境搭建
1，導包
當前只是spring初始階段，只使用spring最核心的包及相關支持。spring關係如圖所示：
最終，導入項目的包結構如圖所示：
2，創建對象
public class Worker {
// 姓名
private String name;
// 薪水
private Integer salary;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setSalary(Integer salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Worker [name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}3，書寫配置註冊對象到容器
創建xml文件註冊對象到容器，原則上命名和路徑沒有指定，推薦在src目錄下創建applicationContext.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">
<bean name="worker" class="com.future.domain.Worker"></bean>
</beans>4，代碼測試
創建測試類，並書寫測試代碼：
public class TestDemo {
/*
* 整體流程
* 1，導包
* 2，構建bean類
* 3，將bean與spring關聯【配置】
* 4，獲取bean對象並使用
*/
@Test
public void test() {
// 創建容器對象
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"applicationContext.xml");
//從spring中獲取對象
Worker worker = (Worker) ac.getBean("worker");
//使用對象
System.out.print("worker:"+worker);
//引出：構造方法的調用，屬性初始化
}
}
二、創建對象的方式
1，通過空參構造方法創建對象
如上面簡單實例，已經使用空參構造方法創建對象。爲使bean類更趨於完善，添加初始化及銷燬方法。
// 添加初始化/銷燬方法
public void init() {
System.out.println("初始化方法!");
}
public void destory() {
System.out.println("銷燬方法!");
}
<bean name="worker1" class="com.future.domain.Worker" init-method="init"
destroy-method="destory">
</bean>2，靜態工廠方法
（1）工廠類的實現
public class WorkerFactory {
// 靜態工廠
public static Worker createWorker1() {
System.out.println("靜態工廠創建Worker");
return new Worker();
}
// 實例工廠
public Worker createWorker2() {
System.out.println("實例工廠創建Worker");
return new Worker();
}
} <!-- 2：靜態工廠方法 -->
<bean name="worker2" class="com.future.create.WorkerFactory"
factory-method="createWorker1">
</bean>如2所展示，實例工廠方法實現如上，當前修改配置文件實現即可。
<!-- 3：實例工廠方法 -->
<bean name="worker3"
factory-bean="WorkerFactory"
factory-method="createWorker2">
</bean>
<bean name="WorkerFactory"
class="com.future.create.WorkerFactory">
</bean>三、屬性注入
爲以下功能的完善實現，爲基礎bean類添加bean屬性對象。並完善對應構造方法，包含空參，部分參數，部分參數調整位置，全參數構造方法。最後調整實現bean類如下：
public class Worker {
// 姓名
private String name;
// 薪水
private Integer salary;
// 添加對象型成員變量
private House house;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setSalary(Integer salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
// 添加構造函數
public Worker() {
System.out.println("Worker空參構造方法");
}
// 添加初始化/銷燬方法
public void init() {
System.out.println("初始化方法!");
}
public void destory() {
System.out.println("銷燬方法!");
}
// 對象型成員變量
public House getHouse() {
return house;
}
public void setHouse(House house) {
this.house = house;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Worker [name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + ", house="
+ house + "]";
}
// 創建帶參構造方法
public Worker(String name, Integer salary) {
System.out.println("帶參順序構造方法");
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
public Worker(Integer salary,String name) {
System.out.println("帶參混亂順序構造方法");
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
public Worker(Integer salary,String name,House house) {
System.out.println("全參構造方法");
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
this.house = house;
}
}public class House {
//地標
private String place;
//地段
private String location;
public String getPlace() {
return place;
}
public void setPlace(String place) {
this.place = place;
}
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
this.location = location;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "House [place=" + place + ", location=" + location + "]";
}
} <!-- set方法注入 -->
<bean name="worker1" class="com.future.domain.Worker">
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="salary" value="16000"></property>
<!-- 對象型屬性，引用配置好對象 -->
<property name="house" ref="house"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="house" class="com.future.domain.House">
<property name="place" value="上地華聯"></property>
<property name="location" value="上地創業大廈"></property>
</bean>2，通過構造方法注入
<!-- 構造函數注入 -->
<bean name="worker2" class="com.future.domain.Worker">
<!-- name屬性: 構造函數的參數名 -->
<!-- index屬性: 構造函數的參數索引 -->
<!-- type屬性: 構造函數的參數類型 -->
<constructor-arg name="name" index="1" type="java.lang.String"
value="lisi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="salary" index="0"
type="java.lang.Integer" value="999"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="house" ref="house" index="2"></constructor-arg>
</bean>引入p空間：
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" <!-- p名稱空間注入, 走set方法
1.導入P名稱空間 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
2.使用p:屬性完成注入 |-值類型: p:屬性名="值" |-對象類型: p:屬性名-ref="bean名稱" -->
<bean name="worker3" class="com.future.domain.Worker" p:name="jack"
p:salary="20000" p:house-ref="house">
</bean> <!-- spel注入: spring Expression Language sping表達式語言 -->
<bean name="worker4" class="com.future.domain.Worker">
<property name="name" value="#{worker2.name}"></property>
<property name="salary" value="#{worker3.salary}"></property>
<property name="house" ref="house"></property>
</bean>（1）複雜數據的bean對象實現
//複雜數據類型注入
public class CollectionBean {
//數組
private String[] arr;
//集合
private List list;
//key-value
private Map map;
//屬性
private Properties prop;
public String[] getArr() {
return arr;
}
public void setArr(String[] arr) {
this.arr = arr;
}
public List getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Properties getProp() {
return prop;
}
public void setProp(Properties prop) {
this.prop = prop;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list
+ ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop + "]";
}
}<bean name="collectionBean" class="com.future.domain.CollectionBean">
<!-- 數組 -->
<property name="arr">
<array>
<value>hello</value>
<value>world</value>
<value>javaEE</value>
</array>
</property>
<!-- list 集合 -->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>畫畫</value>
<value>唱歌</value>
<value>寫字</value>
<value>冥想</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- key-value -->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="臉爲什麼黃了" value="防冷塗的蠟"></entry>
<entry key="天王蓋地虎" value="寶塔鎮河妖"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<!-- 屬性值 -->
<property name="prop">
<props>
<prop key="用戶名">root</prop>
<prop key="密碼">123456</prop>
<prop key="驗證碼">天上掉下個林妹妹</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>//測試注入屬性
public class TestInjection {
// set方法注入
@Test
public void test1() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/com/future/injection/applicationContext.xml");
Worker worker1 = (Worker) ac.getBean("worker1");
System.out.println("worker1:" + worker1);
}
// 構造方法注入
@Test
public void test2() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/com/future/injection/applicationContext.xml");
Worker worker2 = (Worker) ac.getBean("worker2");
System.out.println("worker2:" + worker2);
}
// p名稱空間注入
@Test
public void test3() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/com/future/injection/applicationContext.xml");
Worker worker3 = (Worker) ac.getBean("worker3");
System.out.println("worker3:" + worker3);
}
// spel注入
@Test
public void test4() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/com/future/injection/applicationContext.xml");
Worker worker4 = (Worker) ac.getBean("worker4");
System.out.println("worker4:" + worker4);
}
// 複雜數據注入
@Test
public void test5() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/com/future/injection/applicationContext.xml");
CollectionBean collectionBean = (CollectionBean) ac
.getBean("collectionBean");
System.out.println("collectionBean:" + collectionBean);
}
}
愛在左，情在右，走在生命的兩旁。隨時撒種，隨時開花，將這一路長徑點綴得花香瀰漫，使穿枝拂葉的行人，踏着荊棘，不覺得痛苦，有淚可落，卻不是淒涼。