find search for files in a directory hierarchy
man find 查看命令使用說明
選項說明
OPTIONS
All options always return true. Except for -daystart, -follow and -regextype, the options affect all tests, including
tests specified before the option. This is because the options are processed when the command line is parsed, while the
tests don?. do anything until files are examined. The -daystart, -follow and -regextype options are different in this
respect, and have an effect only on tests which appear later in the command line. Therefore, for clarity, it is best to
place them at the beginning of the expression. A warning is issued if you don?. do this.
-d A synonym for -depth, for compatibility with FreeBSD, NetBSD, MacOS X and OpenBSD.
-daystart
Measure times (for -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, and -mtime) from the beginning of today rather than from
24 hours ago. This option only affects tests which appear later on the command line.
-depth Process each directory?. contents before the directory itself. The -delete action also implies -depth.
-follow
Deprecated; use the -L option instead. Dereference symbolic links. Implies -noleaf. The -follow option affects
only those tests which appear after it on the command line. Unless the -H or -L option has been specified, the
position of the -follow option changes the behaviour of the -newer predicate; any files listed as the argument of
-newer will be dereferenced if they are symbolic links. The same consideration applies to -newerXY, -anewer and
-cnewer. Similarly, the -type predicate will always match against the type of the file that a symbolic link
points to rather than the link itself. Using -follow causes the -lname and -ilname predicates always to return
false.
-help, --help
Print a summary of the command-line usage of find and exit.
-ignore_readdir_race
Normally, find will emit an error message when it fails to stat a file. If you give this option and a file is
deleted between the time find reads the name of the file from the directory and the time it tries to stat the
file, no error message will be issued. This also applies to files or directories whose names are given on the
command line. This option takes effect at the time the command line is read, which means that you cannot search
one part of the filesystem with this option on and part of it with this option off (if you need to do that, you
will need to issue two find commands instead, one with the option and one without it).
-maxdepth levels
Descend at most levels (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the command line arguments.
-maxdepth 0
means only apply the tests and actions to the command line arguments.
-mindepth levels
Do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than levels (a non-negative integer). -mindepth 1 means process
all files except the command line arguments.
-mount Don?. descend directories on other filesystems. An alternate name for -xdev, for compatibility with some other
versions of find.
-noignore_readdir_race
Turns off the effect of -ignore_readdir_race.
-noleaf
Do not optimize by assuming that directories contain 2 fewer subdirectories than their hard link count. This
option is needed when searching filesystems that do not follow the Unix directory-link convention, such as CD-ROM
or MS-DOS filesystems or AFS volume mount points. Each directory on a normal Unix filesystem has at least 2 hard
links: its name and its ?.?. entry. Additionally, its subdirectories (if any) each have a ?..?. entry linked to
that directory. When find is examining a directory, after it has statted 2 fewer subdirectories than the direc-
tory?. link count, it knows that the rest of the entries in the directory are non-directories (?.eaf?. files in
the directory tree). If only the files?.names need to be examined, there is no need to stat them; this gives a
significant increase in search speed.
-regextype type
Changes the regular expression syntax understood by -regex and -iregex tests which occur later on the command
line. Currently-implemented types are emacs (this is the default), posix-awk, posix-basic, posix-egrep and
posix-extended.
-version, --version
Print the find version number and exit.
-warn, -nowarn
Turn warning messages on or off. These warnings apply only to the command line usage, not to any conditions that
find might encounter when it searches directories. The default behaviour corresponds to -warn if standard input
is a tty, and to -nowarn otherwise.
-xautofs
Don?. descend directories on autofs filesystems.
-xdev Don?. descend directories on other filesystems.
TESTS
Some tests, for example -newerXY and -samefile, allow comparison between the file currently being examined and some ref-
erence file specified on the command line. When these tests are used, the interpretation of the reference file is
determined by the options -H, -L and -P and any previous -follow, but the reference file is only examined once, at the
time the command line is parsed. If the reference file cannot be examined (for example, the stat(2) system call fails
for it), an error message is issued, and find exits with a nonzero status.
Numeric arguments can be specified as
+n for greater than n,
-n for less than n,
n for exactly n.
-amin n
File was last accessed n minutes ago.
-anewer file
File was last accessed more recently than file was modified. If file is a symbolic link and the -H option or the
-L option is in effect, the access time of the file it points to is always used.
-atime n
File was last accessed n*24 hours ago. When find figures out how many 24-hour periods ago the file was last
accessed, any fractional part is ignored, so to match -atime +1, a file has to have been accessed at least two
days ago.
-cmin n
File?. status was last changed n minutes ago.
-cnewer file
File?. status was last changed more recently than file was modified. If file is a symbolic link and the -H
option or the -L option is in effect, the status-change time of the file it points to is always used.
-ctime n
File?. status was last changed n*24 hours ago. See the comments for -atime to understand how rounding affects
the interpretation of file status change times.
-empty File is empty and is either a regular file or a directory.
-executable
Matches files which are executable and directories which are searchable (in a file name resolution sense). This
takes into account access control lists and other permissions artefacts which the -perm test ignores. This test
makes use of the access(2) system call, and so can be fooled by NFS servers which do UID mapping (or root-squash-
ing), since many systems implement access(2) in the client?. kernel and so cannot make use of the UID mapping
information held on the server. Because this test is based only on the result of the access(2) system call,
there is no guarantee that a file for which this test succeeds can actually be executed.
-false Always false.
-fstype type
File is on a filesystem of type type. The valid filesystem types vary among different versions of Unix; an
incomplete list of filesystem types that are accepted on some version of Unix or another is: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs,
tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. You can use -printf with the %F directive to see the types of your filesystems.
-gid n File?. numeric group ID is n.
-group gname
File belongs to group gname (numeric group ID allowed).
-ilname pattern
Like -lname, but the match is case insensitive. If the -L option or the -follow option is in effect, this test
returns false unless the symbolic link is broken.
-iname pattern
Like -name, but the match is case insensitive. For example, the patterns ?.o*?.and ?.???.match the file names
?.oo?. ?.OO?. ?.oo?. ?.Oo?. etc. In these patterns, unlike filename expansion by the shell, an initial ?.?. can
be matched by ?.?. That is, find -name *bar will match the file ?.foobar?. Please note that you should quote
patterns as a matter of course, otherwise the shell will expand any wildcard characters in them.
-inum n
File has inode number n. It is normally easier to use the -samefile test instead.
-ipath pattern
Behaves in the same way as -iwholename. This option is deprecated, so please do not use it.
-iregex pattern
Like -regex, but the match is case insensitive.
-iwholename pattern
Like -wholename, but the match is case insensitive.
-links n
File has n links.
-lname pattern
File is a symbolic link whose contents match shell pattern pattern. The metacharacters do not treat ?.?. or ?.?
specially. If the -L option or the -follow option is in effect, this test returns false unless the symbolic link
is broken.
-mmin n
File?. data was last modified n minutes ago.
-mtime n
File?. data was last modified n*24 hours ago. See the comments for -atime to understand how rounding affects the
interpretation of file modification times.
-name pattern
Base of file name (the path with the leading directories removed) matches shell pattern pattern. The metacharac-
ters (?.?. ?.?. and ?.]?. match a ?.?.at the start of the base name (this is a change in findutils-4.2.2; see
section STANDARDS CONFORMANCE below). To ignore a directory and the files under it, use -prune; see an example
in the description of -path. Braces are not recognised as being special, despite the fact that some shells
including Bash imbue braces with a special meaning in shell patterns. The filename matching is performed with
the use of the fnmatch(3) library function. Don?. forget to enclose the pattern in quotes in order to protect
it from expansion by the shell.
-newer file
File was modified more recently than file. If file is a symbolic link and the -H option or the -L option is in
effect, the modification time of the file it points to is always used.
-newerXY reference
Compares the timestamp of the current file with reference. The reference argument is normally the name of a file
(and one of its timestamps is used for the comparison) but it may also be a string describing an absolute time.
X and Y are placeholders for other letters, and these letters select which time belonging to how reference is
used for the comparison.
a The access time of the file reference
B The birth time of the file reference
c The inode status change time of reference
m The modification time of the file reference
t reference is interpreted directly as a time
Some combinations are invalid; for example, it is invalid for X to be t. Some combinations are not implemented
on all systems; for example B is not supported on all systems. If an invalid or unsupported combination of XY is
specified, a fatal error results. Time specifications are interpreted as for the argument to the -d option of
GNU date. If you try to use the birth time of a reference file, and the birth time cannot be determined, a fatal
error message results. If you specify a test which refers to the birth time of files being examined, this test
will fail for any files where the birth time is unknown.
-nogroup
No group corresponds to file?. numeric group ID.
-nouser
No user corresponds to file?. numeric user ID.
-path pattern
File name matches shell pattern pattern. The metacharacters do not treat ?.?.or ?.?.specially; so, for example,
find . -path "./sr*sc"
will print an entry for a directory called ?./src/misc?.(if one exists). To ignore a whole directory tree, use
-prune rather than checking every file in the tree. For example, to skip the directory ?.rc/emacs?.and all files
and directories under it, and print the names of the other files found, do something like this:
find . -path ./src/emacs -prune -o -print
Note that the pattern match test applies to the whole file name, starting from one of the start points named on
the command line. It would only make sense to use an absolute path name here if the relevant start point is also
an absolute path. This means that this command will never match anything:
find bar -path /foo/bar/myfile -print
The predicate -path is also supported by HP-UX find and will be in a forthcoming version of the POSIX standard.
-perm mode
File?. permission bits are exactly mode (octal or symbolic). Since an exact match is required, if you want to
use this form for symbolic modes, you may have to specify a rather complex mode string. For example ?.perm g=w?
will only match files which have mode 0020 (that is, ones for which group write permission is the only permission
set). It is more likely that you will want to use the ?.?.or ?.?.forms, for example ?.perm -g=w?. which matches
any file with group write permission. See the EXAMPLES section for some illustrative examples.
-perm -mode
All of the permission bits mode are set for the file. Symbolic modes are accepted in this form, and this is usu-
ally the way in which would want to use them. You must specify ?.?. ?.?.or ?.?.if you use a symbolic mode. See
the EXAMPLES section for some illustrative examples.
-perm /mode
Any of the permission bits mode are set for the file. Symbolic modes are accepted in this form. You must spec-
ify ?.?. ?.?.or ?.?.if you use a symbolic mode. See the EXAMPLES section for some illustrative examples. If no
permission bits in mode are set, this test matches any file (the idea here is to be consistent with the behaviour
of -perm -000).
-perm +mode
Deprecated, old way of searching for files with any of the permission bits in mode set. You should use -perm
/mode instead. Trying to use the ?.?.syntax with symbolic modes will yield surprising results. For example,
?.u+x?. is a valid symbolic mode (equivalent to +u,+x, i.e. 0111) and will therefore not be evaluated as -perm
+mode but instead as the exact mode specifier -perm mode and so it matches files with exact permissions 0111
instead of files with any execute bit set. If you found this paragraph confusing, you?.e not alone - just use
-perm /mode. This form of the -perm test is deprecated because the POSIX specification requires the interpreta-
tion of a leading ?.?.as being part of a symbolic mode, and so we switched to using ?.?.instead.
-readable
Matches files which are readable. This takes into account access control lists and other permissions artefacts
which the -perm test ignores. This test makes use of the access(2) system call, and so can be fooled by NFS
servers which do UID mapping (or root-squashing), since many systems implement access(2) in the client?. kernel
and so cannot make use of the UID mapping information held on the server.
-regex pattern
File name matches regular expression pattern. This is a match on the whole path, not a search. For example, to
match a file named ?./fubar3?. you can use the regular expression ?.*bar.?.or ?.*b.*3?. but not ?..*r3?. The
regular expressions understood by find are by default Emacs Regular Expressions, but this can be changed with the
-regextype option.
-samefile name
File refers to the same inode as name. When -L is in effect, this can include symbolic links.
-size n[cwbkMG]
File uses n units of space. The following suffixes can be used:
?.?. for 512-byte blocks (this is the default if no suffix is used)
?.?. for bytes
?.?. for two-byte words
?.?. for Kilobytes (units of 1024 bytes)
?.?. for Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes)
?.?. for Gigabytes (units of 1073741824 bytes)
The size does not count indirect blocks, but it does count blocks in sparse files that are not actually allo-
cated. Bear in mind that the ?.k?.and ?.b?.format specifiers of -printf handle sparse files differently. The
?.?. suffix always denotes 512-byte blocks and never 1 Kilobyte blocks, which is different to the behaviour of
-ls.
-true Always true.
-type c
File is of type c:
b block (buffered) special
c character (unbuffered) special
d directory
p named pipe (FIFO)
f regular file
l symbolic link; this is never true if the -L option or the -follow option is in effect, unless the symbolic
link is broken. If you want to search for symbolic links when -L is in effect, use -xtype.
s socket
D door (Solaris)
-uid n File?. numeric user ID is n.
-used n
File was last accessed n days after its status was last changed.
-user uname
File is owned by user uname (numeric user ID allowed).
-wholename pattern
See -path. This alternative is less portable than -path.
-writable
Matches files which are writable. This takes into account access control lists and other permissions artefacts
which the -perm test ignores. This test makes use of the access(2) system call, and so can be fooled by NFS
servers which do UID mapping (or root-squashing), since many systems implement access(2) in the client?. kernel
and so cannot make use of the UID mapping information held on the server.
-xtype c
The same as -type unless the file is a symbolic link. For symbolic links: if the -H or -P option was specified,
true if the file is a link to a file of type c; if the -L option has been given, true if c is ?.?. In other
words, for symbolic links, -xtype checks the type of the file that -type does not check.
查找之後的操作需要的執行行爲
ACTIONS
-delete
Delete files; true if removal succeeded. If the removal failed, an error message is issued. If -delete fails,
find?. exit status will be nonzero (when it eventually exits). Use of -delete automatically turns on the
?.depth?.option.
Warnings: Don?. forget that the find command line is evaluated as an expression, so putting -delete first will
make find try to delete everything below the starting points you specified. When testing a find command line
that you later intend to use with -delete, you should explicitly specify -depth in order to avoid later sur-
prises. Because -delete implies -depth, you cannot usefully use -prune and -delete together.
-exec command ;
Execute command; true if 0 status is returned. All following arguments to find are taken to be arguments to the
command until an argument consisting of ?.?.is encountered. The string ?.}?.is replaced by the current file name
being processed everywhere it occurs in the arguments to the command, not just in arguments where it is alone, as
in some versions of find. Both of these constructions might need to be escaped (with a ?.?. or quoted to protect
them from expansion by the shell. See the EXAMPLES section for examples of the use of the -exec option. The
specified command is run once for each matched file. The command is executed in the starting directory. There
are unavoidable security problems surrounding use of the -exec action; you should use the -execdir option
instead.
-exec command {} +
This variant of the -exec action runs the specified command on the selected files, but the command line is built
by appending each selected file name at the end; the total number of invocations of the command will be much less
than the number of matched files. The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command
lines. Only one instance of ?.}?.is allowed within the command. The command is executed in the starting direc-
tory.
-execdir command ;
-execdir command {} +
Like -exec, but the specified command is run from the subdirectory containing the matched file, which is not nor-
mally the directory in which you started find. This a much more secure method for invoking commands, as it
avoids race conditions during resolution of the paths to the matched files. As with the -exec action, the ?.?
form of -execdir will build a command line to process more than one matched file, but any given invocation of
command will only list files that exist in the same subdirectory. If you use this option, you must ensure that
your $PATH environment variable does not reference ?.?. otherwise, an attacker can run any commands they like by
leaving an appropriately-named file in a directory in which you will run -execdir. The same applies to having
entries in $PATH which are empty or which are not absolute directory names.
-fls file
True; like -ls but write to file like -fprint. The output file is always created, even if the predicate is never
matched. See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are han-
dled.
-fprint file
True; print the full file name into file file. If file does not exist when find is run, it is created; if it
does exist, it is truncated. The file names ?.dev/stdout?.and ?.dev/stderr?.are handled specially; they refer to
the standard output and standard error output, respectively. The output file is always created, even if the
predicate is never matched. See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in
filenames are handled.
-fprint0 file
True; like -print0 but write to file like -fprint. The output file is always created, even if the predicate is
never matched. See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are
handled.
-fprintf file format
True; like -printf but write to file like -fprint. The output file is always created, even if the predicate is
never matched. See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are
handled.
-ls True; list current file in ls -dils format on standard output. The block counts are of 1K blocks, unless the
environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used. See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-ok command ;
Like -exec but ask the user first. If the user agrees, run the command. Otherwise just return false. If the
command is run, its standard input is redirected from /dev/null.
The response to the prompt is matched against a pair of regular expressions to determine if it is an affirmative
or negative response. This regular expression is obtained from the system if the ?.OSIXLY_CORRECT?.environment
variable is set, or otherwise from find?. message translations. If the system has no suitable definition, find?.
own definition will be used. In either case, the interpretation of the regular expression itself will be
affected by the environment variables ?.C_CTYPE?.(character classes) and ?.C_COLLATE?. (character ranges and
equivalence classes).
-okdir command ;
Like -execdir but ask the user first in the same way as for -ok. If the user does not agree, just return false.
If the command is run, its standard input is redirected from /dev/null.
-print True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a newline. If you are piping the output of
find into another program and there is the faintest possibility that the files which you are searching for might
contain a newline, then you should seriously consider using the -print0 option instead of -print. See the
UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-print0
True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character (instead of the newline char-
acter that -print uses). This allows file names that contain newlines or other types of white space to be cor-
rectly interpreted by programs that process the find output. This option corresponds to the -0 option of xargs.
-printf format
True; print format on the standard output, interpreting ?.?.escapes and ?.?.directives. Field widths and preci-
sions can be specified as with the ?.rintf?.C function. Please note that many of the fields are printed as %s
rather than %d, and this may mean that flags don?. work as you might expect. This also means that the ?.?. flag
does work (it forces fields to be left-aligned). Unlike -print, -printf does not add a newline at the end of the
string. The escapes and directives are:
\a Alarm bell.
\b Backspace.
\c Stop printing from this format immediately and flush the output.
\f Form feed.
\n Newline.
\r Carriage return.
\t Horizontal tab.
\v Vertical tab.
\0 ASCII NUL.
\\ A literal backslash (?.?..
\NNN The character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).
A ?.?.character followed by any other character is treated as an ordinary character, so they both are printed.
%% A literal percent sign.
%a File?. last access time in the format returned by the C ?.time?.function.
%Ak File?. last access time in the format specified by k, which is either ?.?.or a directive for the C ?.trf-
time?. function. The possible values for k are listed below; some of them might not be available on all
systems, due to differences in ?.trftime?.between systems.
@ seconds since Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT, with fractional part.
Time fields:
H hour (00..23)
I hour (01..12)
k hour ( 0..23)
l hour ( 1..12)
M minute (00..59)
p locale?. AM or PM
r time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
S Second (00.00 .. 61.00). There is a fractional part.
T time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
+ Date and time, separated by ?.?. for example ?.004-04-28+22:22:05.0?. This is a GNU extension.
The time is given in the current timezone (which may be affected by setting the TZ environment
variable). The seconds field includes a fractional part.
X locale?. time representation (H:M:S)
Z time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable
Date fields:
a locale?. abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
A locale?. full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
b locale?. abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
B locale?. full month name, variable length (January..December)
c locale?. date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989). The format is the same as for ctime(3) and
so to preserve compatibility with that format, there is no fractional part in the seconds field.
d day of month (01..31)
D date (mm/dd/yy)
h same as b
j day of year (001..366)
m month (01..12)
U week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
w day of week (0..6)
W week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
x locale?. date representation (mm/dd/yy)
y last two digits of year (00..99)
Y year (1970...)
%b The amount of disk space used for this file in 512-byte blocks. Since disk space is allocated in multiples
of the filesystem block size this is usually greater than %s/512, but it can also be smaller if the file
is a sparse file.
%c File?. last status change time in the format returned by the C ?.time?.function.
%Ck File?. last status change time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.
%d File?. depth in the directory tree; 0 means the file is a command line argument.
%D The device number on which the file exists (the st_dev field of struct stat), in decimal.
%f File?. name with any leading directories removed (only the last element).
%F Type of the filesystem the file is on; this value can be used for -fstype.
%g File?. group name, or numeric group ID if the group has no name.
%G File?. numeric group ID.
%h Leading directories of file?. name (all but the last element). If the file name contains no slashes
(since it is in the current directory) the %h specifier expands to ".".
%H Command line argument under which file was found.
%i File?. inode number (in decimal).
%k The amount of disk space used for this file in 1K blocks. Since disk space is allocated in multiples of
the filesystem block size this is usually greater than %s/1024, but it can also be smaller if the file is
a sparse file.
%l Object of symbolic link (empty string if file is not a symbolic link).
%m File?. permission bits (in octal). This option uses the ?.raditional?.numbers which most Unix implementa-
tions use, but if your particular implementation uses an unusual ordering of octal permissions bits, you
will see a difference between the actual value of the file?. mode and the output of %m. Normally you
will want to have a leading zero on this number, and to do this, you should use the # flag (as in, for
example, ?.#m?..
%M File?. permissions (in symbolic form, as for ls). This directive is supported in findutils 4.2.5 and
later.
%n Number of hard links to file.
%p File?. name.
%P File?. name with the name of the command line argument under which it was found removed.
%s File?. size in bytes.
%S File?. sparseness. This is calculated as (BLOCKSIZE*st_blocks / st_size). The exact value you will get
for an ordinary file of a certain length is system-dependent. However, normally sparse files will have
values less than 1.0, and files which use indirect blocks may have a value which is greater than 1.0.
The value used for BLOCKSIZE is system-dependent, but is usually 512 bytes. If the file size is zero,
the value printed is undefined. On systems which lack support for st_blocks, a file?. sparseness is
assumed to be 1.0.
%t File?. last modification time in the format returned by the C ?.time?.function.
%Tk File?. last modification time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.
%u File?. user name, or numeric user ID if the user has no name.
%U File?. numeric user ID.
%y File?. type (like in ls -l), U=unknown type (shouldn?. happen)
%Y File?. type (like %y), plus follow symlinks: L=loop, N=nonexistent
%Z (SELinux only) file?. security context.
A ?.?.character followed by any other character is discarded, but the other character is printed (don?. rely on
this, as further format characters may be introduced). A ?.?.at the end of the format argument causes undefined
behaviour since there is no following character. In some locales, it may hide your door keys, while in others it
may remove the final page from the novel you are reading.
The %m and %d directives support the # , 0 and + flags, but the other directives do not, even if they print num-
bers. Numeric directives that do not support these flags include G, U, b, D, k and n. The ?.?. format flag is
supported and changes the alignment of a field from right-justified (which is the default) to left-justified.
See the UNUSUAL FILENAMES section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-prune True; if the file is a directory, do not descend into it. If -depth is given, false; no effect. Because -delete
implies -depth, you cannot usefully use -prune and -delete together.
-quit Exit immediately. No child processes will be left running, but no more paths specified on the command line will
be processed. For example, find /tmp/foo /tmp/bar -print -quit will print only /tmp/foo. Any command lines
which have been built up with -execdir ... {} + will be invoked before find exits. The exit status may or may
not be zero, depending on whether an error has already occurred.
參 數：
-amin<分鐘> 查找在指定時間曾被存取過的文件或目錄，單位以分鐘計算。
-anewer<參考文件或目錄> 查找其存取時間較指定文件或目錄的存取時間更接近現在的文件或目錄。
-atime<24小時數> 查找在指定時間曾被存取過的文件或目錄，單位以24小時計算。
-cmin<分鐘> 查找在指定時間之時被更改的文件或目錄。
-cnewer<參考文件或目錄> 查找其更改時間較指定文件或目錄的更改時間更接近現在的文件或目錄。
-ctime<24小時數> 查找在指定時間之時被更改的文件或目錄，單位以24小時計算。
-daystart 從本日開始計算時間。
-depth 從指定目錄下最深層的子目錄開始查找。
-expty 尋找文件大小爲0 Byte的文件，或目錄下沒有任何子目錄或文件的空目錄。
-exec<執行指令> 假設find指令的回傳值爲True，就執行該指令。
-false 將find指令的回傳值皆設爲False。
-fls<列表文件> 此參數的效果和指定"-ls"參數類似，但會把結果保存爲指定的列表文件。
-follow 排除符號連接。
-fprint<列表文件> 此參數的效果和指定"-print"參數類似，但會把結果保存成指定的列表文件。
-fprint0<列表文件> 此參數的效果和指定"-print0"參數類似，但會把結果保存成指定的列表文件。
-fprintf<列表文件><輸出格式> 此參數的效果和指定"-printf"參數類似，但會把結果保存成指定的列表文件。
-fstype<文件系統類型> 只尋找該文件系統類型下的文件或目錄。
-gid<羣組識別碼> 查找符合指定之羣組識別碼的文件或目錄。
-group<羣組名稱> 查找符合指定之羣組名稱的文件或目錄。
-help或--help 在線幫助。
-ilname<範本樣式> 此參數的效果和指定"-lname"參數類似，但忽略字符大小寫的差別。
-iname<範本樣式> 此參數的效果和指定"-name"參數類似，但忽略字符大小寫的差別。
-inum<inode編號> 查找符合指定的inode編號的文件或目錄。
-ipath<範本樣式> 此參數的效果和指定"-ipath"參數類似，但忽略字符大小寫的差別。
-iregex<範本樣式> 此參數的效果和指定"-regexe"參數類似，但忽略字符大小寫的差別。
-links<連接數目> 查找符合指定的硬連接數目的文件或目錄。
-iname<範本樣式> 指定字符串作爲尋找符號連接的範本樣式。
-ls 假設find指令的回傳值爲True，就將文件或目錄名稱列出到標準輸出。
-maxdepth<目錄層級> 設置最大目錄層級。
-mindepth<目錄層級> 設置最小目錄層級。
-mmin<分鐘> 查找在指定時間曾被更改過的文件或目錄，單位以分鐘計算。
-mount 此參數的效果和指定"-xdev"相同。
-mtime<24小時數> 查找在指定時間曾被更改過的文件或目錄，單位以24小時計算。
-name<範本樣式> 指定字符串作爲尋找文件或目錄的範本樣式。
-newer<參考文件或目錄> 查找其更改時間較指定文件或目錄的更改時間更接近現在的文件或目錄。
-nogroup 找出不屬於本地主機羣組識別碼的文件或目錄。
-noleaf 不去考慮目錄至少需擁有兩個硬連接存在。
-nouser 找出不屬於本地主機用戶識別碼的文件或目錄。
-ok<執行指令> 此參數的效果和指定"-exec"參數類似，但在執行指令之前會先詢問用戶，若回答"y"或"Y"，則放棄執行指令。
-path<範本樣式> 指定字符串作爲尋找目錄的範本樣式。
-perm<權限數值> 查找符合指定的權限數值的文件或目錄。
-print 假設find指令的回傳值爲True，就將文件或目錄名稱列出到標準輸出。格式爲每列一個名稱，每個名稱之前皆有"./"字符串。
-print0 假設find指令的回傳值爲True，就將文件或目錄名稱列出到標準輸出。格式爲全部的名稱皆在同一行。
-printf<輸出格式> 假設find指令的回傳值爲True，就將文件或目錄名稱列出到標準輸出。格式可以自行指定。
-prune 不尋找字符串作爲尋找文件或目錄的範本樣式。
-regex<範本樣式> 指定字符串作爲尋找文件或目錄的範本樣式。
-size<文件大小> 查找符合指定的文件大小的文件。
-true 將find指令的回傳值皆設爲True。
-typ<文件類型> 只尋找符合指定的文件類型的文件。
-uid<用戶識別碼> 查找符合指定的用戶識別碼的文件或目錄。
-used<日數> 查找文件或目錄被更改之後在指定時間曾被存取過的文件或目錄，單位以日計算。
-user<擁有者名稱> 查找符合指定的擁有者名稱的文件或目錄。
-version或--version 顯示版本信息。
-xdev 將範圍侷限在先行的文件系統中。
-xtype<文件類型> 此參數的效果和指定"-type"參數類似，差別在於它針對符號連接檢查。find 路徑 -name 文件名字 -type 文件類型[f,l,b等] 需要對文件執行的操作
查找/application 類型爲文件 名字爲nginx.conf
root@nginx02 /
# find /application -type f -name nginx.conf
/application/ngx_openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf查找 當前目錄和當前子目錄中的access 文件並且打印出文件內容
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -type f -name access -print | xargs cat ;
hello world this is log 執行刪除文件，並且提示是否刪除，{}空格\;斜槓後面不能有空格
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -type f -name access -ok rm -f {} \ ;
find: missing argument to `-ok'
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -type f -name access -ok rm -f {} \;
< -exec ... ./log/access/access > ? 不會提示直接刪除文件
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -type f -name access -exec rm -f {} \;查找目錄 顯示目錄的文件
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -type d -name log -print -exec ls -l {} \;
./log
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 18 01:26 access
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 18 01:07 error查找權限爲755的目錄
root@nginx02 ~
# find . -perm 755 -print
./log
./log/access
./log/error
./java
./java/ss查找文件爲pdf 並且小於等於2M的並且必須是1M
root@nginx02 ~
# find / -name "*.pdf" -type f -size 1M -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 159K Dec 8 2011 /usr/share/doc/blktrace-1.0.1/btreplay.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 142K Dec 8 2011 /usr/share/doc/blktrace-1.0.1/blktrace.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 449K Dec 8 2011 /usr/share/doc/blktrace-1.0.1/btt.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 260K Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/systemtap-client-2.7/langref.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 626K Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/systemtap-client-2.7/SystemTap_Beginners_Guide.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 148K Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/systemtap-client-2.7/tutorial.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 206K Jul 30 2009 /usr/share/doc/libtasn1-2.3/libtasn1.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.0K Jan 18 2007 /usr/share/doc/aic94xx-firmware-30/README-94xx.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 527K Aug 13 2006 /usr/share/doc/prelink-0.4.6/prelink.pdf
root@nginx02 ~
# find / -name "*.pdf" -type f -size 2M -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.2M Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/systemtap-client-2.7/tapsets.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.3M Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/valgrind-3.8.1/valgrind_manual.pdf
find / -name “*.pdf” -type f -size +1M 大於等於1M的
root@nginx02 ~
# find / -name "*.pdf" -type f -size +1M -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.2M Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/systemtap-client-2.7/tapsets.pdf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.3M Jul 24 2015 /usr/share/doc/valgrind-3.8.1/valgrind_manual.pdf
root@nginx02 ~
# find / -name "*.pdf" -type f -size +1M -exec ls -lh {} \;