HashMap源碼詳解

成員變量

static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16

static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;// aka 2^30

static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;

static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;

static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
/* filed */
transient Node<K,V>[] table;//table爲Node鏈表構建的數組

transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;

transient int size;

transient int modCount;

int threshold;

final float loadFactor;//負載因子，默認值爲0.75
//靜態內部類
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final int hash;
    final K key;
    V value;
    Node<K,V> next;
    //HashMap中的核心結構，鏈表
    //每個節點存儲，hash值，key、value以及下一個節點
    Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
        this.hash = hash;
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
        this.next = next;
    }
}

構造方法初始化

public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
    if (initialCapacity < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                           initialCapacity);
    if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
        initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
    if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                           loadFactor);
    //自定義負載因子
    this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
    this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}

public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
    this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}

public HashMap() {
    this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}

put方法

public V put(K key, V value) {
    // 對key的hashCode()做hash
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
               boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; 
    Node<K,V> p; 
    int n, i;
    // table爲空則創建，創建過程也是在resize方法內完成的
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    // 計算index，如果未產生衝突
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        // 節點存在
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        // 該鏈爲樹
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        // 該鏈爲鏈表
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);//新節點插到最後
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // 如果數量超過8個節點，轉換爲樹存儲
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    // 超過load factor*current capacity，resize
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;//原來的table大小
    int oldThr = threshold;//容量*負載因子
    int newCap, newThr = 0;
    if (oldCap > 0) {
        // 超過最大值不再擴充
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        // 沒超過最大值，就擴充爲原來的2倍
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                 oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
    }
    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
        newCap = oldThr;
    else {               // table爲空時，設置默認的容量和負載因子
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);//默認爲12
    }
    // 計算新的resize上限
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                  (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];//創建table數組
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        // 把每個bucket都移動到新的buckets中
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else { // preserve order
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        // 原索引
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        // 原索引+oldCap
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    // 原索引放到bucket裏
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    // 原索引+oldCap放到bucket裏
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

get方法

public V get(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        // 直接命中
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
        // 未命中
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
            // 在樹中找
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            // 在鏈表中找
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}