RHEL6.5環境的基礎配置

RHEL6.5環境的基礎配置

• 配置網絡
• 關閉防火牆
• 關閉selinux
• 配置本地yum源

• 配置網絡yum源

  1. 配置網絡

  配置網絡可以有好幾種配置，以下講解用配置文件配置靜態IP地址。

  1.1編輯/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0文件，內容如下：

# 此配置文件應用到的設備
DEVICE=eth0
# 對應的設備的MAC地址
HWADDR=00:0C:29:68:FE:A3
# 接口類型；常見有的Ethernet, Bridge
TYPE=Ethernet
# 設備的惟一標識
UUID=6a6234fe-231a-4068-805e-583561fb9ae8
# 啓動網卡
ONBOOT=yes
# NM是NetworkManager的簡寫，此網卡是否接受NM控制；建議RHLE6爲“no”
NM_CONTROLLED=no
# 有三種類型：none,static,dhcp
BOOTPROTO=static
# IP地址
IPADDR=192.168.0.75
# 子網掩碼
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# 默認網關
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
# DNS服務器IP
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no

1.2 重啓網絡服務

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  Determining if ip address 192.168.0.75 is already in use for device eth0...
                                                           [  OK  ]

1.3 查看配置是否生效

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:68:FE:A3  
          inet addr:192.168.0.75  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe68:fea3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2053 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1648 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:639687 (624.6 KiB)  TX bytes:188127 (183.7 KiB)

1.4 測試網絡是否暢通

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 3 www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.210.27) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=55.3 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=58.2 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=78.4 ms

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2080ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 55.396/64.040/78.462/10.268 ms

2. 關閉防火牆

2.1 配置開機自動關閉

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off

2.2 臨時關閉防火牆

[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop

2.3 查看啓動級別開機啓動防火牆狀態

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list iptables
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

上面顯示6個啓動級別都是出於關閉狀態，防火牆關閉成功。

3.關閉selinux

3.1 臨時關閉selinux

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

3.2 開機自動關閉selinux

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config 

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
SELINUX=disabled
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

3.3重啓系統

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

3.4檢查是否成功關閉selinux

[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

以上顯示爲Disabled，所以關閉防火牆成功。

4. 配置本地yum源

4.1 檢查光驅是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0    1G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3   8:3    0  4.9G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1  3.6G  0 rom  # 光驅正確啓動

4.2 配置開機自動掛載光驅

[root@localhost ~]# echo '/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab

4.3 掛載配置/etc/fstab中的設備

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a 
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

4.4 配置本地yum 源

4.4.1 刪除默認的yum源配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

4.4.2 新增本地yum源配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel6.local.repo 
name=rhel6-source   # yum源名稱
baseurl=file:///mnt     # yum描述信息
enabled=1       # yum源狀態【0：關閉，1：開啓】
gpgcheck=0      # 不驗證

4.4.3配置網絡yum源【使用的是阿里雲的yum源】

CentOS 5

wget-O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget-O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget-O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

如果用的是RHEL6 ,需要修改下repo文件:

sed -i's/$releasever/6/g' CentOS-Base.repo

之後運行yummakecache生成緩存

4.4.4 安裝epel源

yum install epel-release –y

4.4.5 清空本地主機yum緩存

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: base epel extras rhel6-local-source updates
Cleaning up Everything

4.4.6 更新yum源緩存使其配置生效

[root@localhost ~]# yum list

4.4.7 查看已經啓動的yum源

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id                                          repo name                                                                     status
base                                             CentOS-6 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                           6,706
*epel                                            Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                12,365
extras                                           CentOS-6 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                            45
rhel6-local-source                               rhel6-source                                                                   3,690
updates                                          CentOS-6 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                          426
repolist: 23,232

以上顯示yum已經生效了，配置yum成功。當然啦，你可以不用配置網絡yum源，只需配置本地yum即可，也可以完成後期相關服務搭建。