php服務端與客戶端交互、提供開放api時,通常需要對敏感的部分api數據傳輸進行數據加密,這時候rsa非對稱加密就能派上用處了,下面通過一個例子來說明如何用php來實現數據的加密解密
1、加密解密的第一步是生成公鑰、私鑰對,私鑰加密的內容能通過公鑰解密(反過來亦可以)
下載開源RSA密鑰生成工具openssl(通常Linux系統都自帶該程序),解壓縮至獨立的文件夾,進入其中的bin目錄,執行以下命令:
openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key.pem
openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
第一條命令生成原始 RSA私鑰文件 rsa_private_key.pem,第二條命令將原始 RSA私鑰轉換爲 pkcs8格式,第三條生成RSA公鑰 rsa_public_key.pem
從上面看出通過私鑰能生成對應的公鑰,因此我們將私鑰private_key.pem用在服務器端,公鑰發放給android跟ios等前端
2、php中用生成的公鑰、私鑰進行加密解密,直接上代碼
- <?php
- $private_key = '-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
- MIICXQIBAAKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jl
- TGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/
- Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB
- AoGBAKH14bMitESqD4PYwODWmy7rrrvyFPEnJJTECLjvKB7IkrVxVDkp1XiJnGKH
- 2h5syHQ5qslPSGYJ1M/XkDnGINwaLVHVD3BoKKgKg1bZn7ao5pXT+herqxaVwWs6
- ga63yVSIC8jcODxiuvxJnUMQRLaqoF6aUb/2VWc2T5MDmxLhAkEA3pwGpvXgLiWL
- 3h7QLYZLrLrbFRuRN4CYl4UYaAKokkAvZly04Glle8ycgOc2DzL4eiL4l/+x/gaq
- deJU/cHLRQJBANOZY0mEoVkwhU4bScSdnfM6usQowYBEwHYYh/OTv1a3SqcCE1f+
- qbAclCqeNiHajCcDmgYJ53LfIgyv0wCS54kCQAXaPkaHclRkQlAdqUV5IWYyJ25f
- oiq+Y8SgCCs73qixrU1YpJy9yKA/meG9smsl4Oh9IOIGI+zUygh9YdSmEq0CQQC2
- 4G3IP2G3lNDRdZIm5NZ7PfnmyRabxk/UgVUWdk47IwTZHFkdhxKfC8QepUhBsAHL
- QjifGXY4eJKUBm3FpDGJAkAFwUxYssiJjvrHwnHFbg0rFkvvY63OSmnRxiL4X6EY
- yI9lblCsyfpl25l7l5zmJrAHn45zAiOoBrWqpM5edu7c
- -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
- $public_key = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt
- 3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2kl
- Bd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o
- 2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB
- -----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
- //echo $private_key;
- $pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);//這個函數可用來判斷私鑰是否是可用的,可用返回資源id Resource id
- $pu_key = openssl_pkey_get_public($public_key);//這個函數可用來判斷公鑰是否是可用的
- print_r($pi_key);echo "\n";
- print_r($pu_key);echo "\n";
- $data = "aassssasssddd";//原始數據
- $encrypted = "";
- $decrypted = "";
- echo "source data:",$data,"\n";
- echo "private key encrypt:\n";
- openssl_private_encrypt($data,$encrypted,$pi_key);//私鑰加密
- $encrypted = base64_encode($encrypted);//加密後的內容通常含有特殊字符,需要編碼轉換下,在網絡間通過url傳輸時要注意base64編碼是否是url安全的
- echo $encrypted,"\n";
- echo "public key decrypt:\n";
- openssl_public_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pu_key);//私鑰加密的內容通過公鑰可用解密出來
- echo $decrypted,"\n";
- echo "---------------------------------------\n";
- echo "public key encrypt:\n";
- openssl_public_encrypt($data,$encrypted,$pu_key);//公鑰加密
- $encrypted = base64_encode($encrypted);
- echo $encrypted,"\n";
- echo "private key decrypt:\n";
- openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);//私鑰解密
- echo $decrypted,"\n";