NoSQL（二)——Redis

21.3 Redis介紹

什麼是Redis

Redis和Memcached類似，也是NoSQL的一種，是一個基於內存的高性能key-value（k-v）數據庫。

Redis支持string、list、set、zset和hash類型數據，這些數據類型都支持push/pop、add/remove及取交集、並集和差集及更豐富的操作，對這些數據的操作都是原子性的。

與memcached一樣，爲了保證效率，數據都是緩存在內存中。區別的是redis會週期性的把更新的數據寫入磁盤或者把修改操作寫入追加的記錄文件，並且在此基礎上實現了master-slave(主從)同步。redis的出現，很大程度補償了memcached這類key/value存儲的不足，在部分場合可以對關係數據庫起到很好的補充作用。它提供了Java，C/C++，C#，PHP，JavaScript，Perl，Object-C，Python，Ruby，Erlang等客戶端，使用很方便。

數據可以從主服務器向任意數量的從服務器上同步，從服務器可以是關聯其他從服務器的主服務器。這使得Redis可執行單層樹複製。存盤可以有意無意的對數據進行寫操作。由於完全實現了發佈/訂閱機制，使得從數據庫在任何地方同步樹時，可訂閱一個頻道並接收主服務器完整的消息發佈記錄。同步對讀取操作的可擴展性和數據冗餘很有幫助。

此外，Redis使用了兩種文件格式：全量數據（RDB）和增量請求（aof）。全量數據格式是把內存中的數據寫入磁盤，便於下次讀取文件時進行加載；增量請求則是把內存中的數據序列轉化爲操作請求，用於讀取文件進行replay得到數據，這種類似於mysql的binlog。Redis的存儲分爲內存存儲、磁盤存儲和log文件三部分。

Redis安裝

Redis官網：https://redis.io/ ，最新版本4.0.11

下載redis：

[root@lzx ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@lzx src]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.11.tar.gz
[root@lzx src]# tar zxf redis-4.0.11.tar.gz
[root@lzx src]# cd redis-4.0.11
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# make && make install
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# echo $?
0
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# redis-         //按兩次Tab鍵出現下面內容就說明安裝成功
redis-benchmark  redis-check-rdb  redis-sentinel   
redis-check-aof  redis-cli        redis-server

修改配置：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# cp redis.conf /etc/redis.conf
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# vim /etc/redis.conf         //找到下面幾行做修改
daemonize no    改爲    daemonize yes          //修改no爲yes，讓redis在後臺啓動
logfile ""     改爲     logfile "/var/log/redis.log"         //設置日誌存放路徑
dir ./   改爲    dir /data/redis         //設置RDB存放目錄
appendonly no    改爲   appendonly yes         //在上面定義的目錄裏面生成名爲appendonly.aof的文件
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# mkdir /data/redis           //創建這個定義的目錄

啓動redis：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# redis-server /etc/redis.conf
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# ps aux |grep redis
root      11920  0.2  0.2 145308  2188 ?        Ssl  22:51   0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# less /var/log/redis.log        //查看日誌，可以看到有告警，提示修改內核參數，如果不去修改也沒很大影響
11920:M 20 Jul 22:51:40.532 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory con
dition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 's
ysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
11920:M 20 Jul 22:51:40.533 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This w
ill create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel
/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a
 reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# vim /etc/rc.local            //修改內核參數，添加下面兩行，讓它開機執行
sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

Redis持久化

Redis提供了兩種持久化的方式，分別是RDB（Redis DataBase）和AOF（Append Only File）。

RDB，簡而言之，就是在不同的時間點，將redis存儲的數據生成快照並存儲到磁盤等介質上。AOF，則是將redis執行過的所有寫指令記錄下來，在下次redis重新啓動時，只要把這些寫指令從前到後再重複執行一遍，就可以實現數據恢復了。

其實RDB和AOF兩種方式也可以同時使用，在這種情況下，如果redis重啓，則會優先採用AOF方式來進行數據恢復，這是因爲AOF方式的數據恢復完整度更高。如果沒有數據持久化的需求，也可以完全關閉RDB和AOF，這樣的話，redis將變成一個純內存數據庫，就像memcached一樣。

決定RDB什麼時候將數據寫入磁盤是由這些參數決定的：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# cat /etc/redis.conf 
save 900 1          //表示900s內發生了1次更改
save 300 10         //表示300s內發生了10次更改
save 60 10000       //表示60s內發生了10000次更改

這裏三行可以任選一，我們保持默認即可

關閉RDB：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# cat /etc/redis.conf
#   save ""     改爲      save ""          //去掉前面# 

save 900 1      改爲      #save 900 1      //前面加上#
save 300 10     改爲      #save 300 10     //前面加上#
save 60 10000   改爲      #save 60 10000   //前面加上#

AOF也有三種選擇：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# cat /etc/redis.conf
# appendfsync always          //一直記錄，每次有變更就記錄
appendfsync everysec          //每1s記錄一次
# appendfsync no              //每隔一段時間記錄一次，根據系統裏面算法決定，不安全

Redis數據類型

前面已經講過，Redis的數據類型有五種：string、list、set、sort set、hash
- Redis中string是最簡單的類型，與Memcached一樣的類型，一個key對應一個value，其支持的操作與Memcached的操作類似，不過功能更豐富，可以存二進制的對象。

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# redis-cli         //進入redis命令行
127.0.0.1:6379> set mykey "123"  
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey
"123"
127.0.0.1:6379> MSET k1 1 k2 2 k3 3           //支持Tab鍵將命令可以自動補全
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 mykey
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "123"

list是一個鏈表結構，主要功能是push、pop、獲取一個範圍的所有值等。操作中key理解爲鏈表的名字。使用list結構，可以輕鬆實現最新消息排行等功能（比如新浪微博的TimeLine）。list的另一個應用就是消息隊列，可以利用list的push操作將任務存在list中，然後工作線程再用pop操作將任務取出執行。

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "lzx"         //LPUSH表示推進去
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "123"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "aaa"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1        //0表示第一位，-1表示最後一位
1) "aaa"
2) "123"
3) "lzx"            //最先推進去的排在後面
127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list1          //LPOP表示取出來，取出最前面的
"aaa"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1          
1) "123"
2) "lzx"               //剛取出來的已經不再list1中

set是集合，和我們數學中的集合概念相似，對集合的操作有添加、刪除元素，有對多個集合求交併差等操作。操作中key理解爲集合的名字。比如在微博應用中，可以將一個用戶所有的關注人存在一個集合中，將其所有粉絲存在一個集合中。因爲Redis非常人性化地爲集合提供了求交集、並集、差集等操作，那麼可以很方便地實現如共同關注、共同愛好、二度好友等功能，對上面的所有集合操作，你還可以使用不同的命令選擇將結果返回給客戶端還是存集到一個新的集合中。

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "2"
2) "c"
3) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2            //SUNION表示求並集
1) "2"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "a"
5) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2            //SINTER表示求交集
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set1 set2             //SDIFF表示求差集，針對set1求差集，去除交集的部分
1) "a"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SREM set1 b             //SREM表示刪除元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "a"
2) "c"

sorted set是有序集合，它比set多了一個權重參數score，使集合中的元素能夠按score進行有序排列，比如一個存儲全班同學成績的Sorted Sets，其集合中value可以是同學的學號，而score就可以是其考試分數，這樣在數據插入集合的時候，就已經進行了天然的排序。

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD set3 12 abc
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD set3 2 "cde 123"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD set3 24 "lzx"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD set3 4 "linux"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> 
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE set3 0 -1           //順序排列set3，0表示第一位，-1表示最後一位
1) "cde 123"
2) "linux"
3) "abc"
4) "lzx"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE set3 0 -1          //倒序排列set3
1) "lzx"
2) "abc"
3) "linux"
4) "cde 123"

最後一種類型是hash，Redis和Memcached類似，在Memcached中，我們經常將一些結構化的信息打包成hashmap，在客戶端序列化後存儲爲一個字符串的值（一般是JSON格式），比如用戶的暱稱、年齡、性別、積分等。

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 name lzx         
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 age 20
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 job it            //上面總共添加了3對子元素，每一對子元素也可以看做是一個key-value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 name lzx
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 age 20
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 job it
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET hash1 name             //查看hash1中name
"lzx"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET hash1 age
"20"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET hash1 job
"it"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash1               //查看hash1全部
1) "name"
2) "lzx"
3) "age"
4) "20"
5) "job"
6) "it"

Redis常用操作

string，list

127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 lzx
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set key2 123
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 aaa         
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1             
"aaa"               //第二次賦值將之前賦值覆蓋

127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX key1 linux          //key1存在，所以返回0
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1              
"aaa"               //並且不改變key1的value
127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX key3 111            //key3不存在，所以直接創建，返回1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3
"111"

127.0.0.1:6379> set key3 111 ex 10          //給key3設置過期時間，爲10s，set時ex不可省略
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3               //過10s之後查看
(nil)             //value爲空
127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX key3 1000 222         //SETEX設置過期時間爲1000s，後面222爲value，若key3已存在則覆蓋
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3
"222"

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list2 aaa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list2 bbb
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list2 ccc
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1
1) "ccc"
2) "bbb"
3) "aaa"
127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list2           //取出的是最後加入的值
"ccc"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1         //取出的值已經不在list2中
1) "bbb"
2) "aaa"
127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list2           //取出最先加入的值，跟LPOP相反
"aaa"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1          
1) "bbb"
127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list2 before bbb 111             //LINSERT表示插入，在bbb前面插入111
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list2 after bbb ddd              //在bbb後面插入ddd
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list2 after ddd fff
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1
1) "111"
2) "bbb"
3) "ddd"
4) "fff"

127.0.0.1:6379> LSET list2 1 123          //LSET表示修改，將第2個值改爲123
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> LSET list2 3 abc          //將第4個值改爲abc
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1
1) "111"
2) "123"
3) "ddd"
4) "abc"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list2 1            //LINDEX表示查看，查看第2個值
"123"
127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list2 3            //查看第4個值
"abc"

127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN list2                //LLEN查看列表中有幾個元素
(integer) 4                   //表示list2中有4個元素

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 aaa            //SADD表示添加元素，添加元素aaa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 bbb
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 ccc
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1            //SMEMBERS表示查看集合中所有元素
1) "bbb"
2) "aaa"
3) "ccc"

127.0.0.1:6379> SREM set1 aaa            //SREM表示刪除元素，刪除元素aaa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "bbb"
2) "ccc"

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1 1              //SPOP表示取出元素，1表示第2個元素
1) "ccc"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1            
1) "bbb"              //取出的元素就不再在set1中

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 aaa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 ccc
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 222
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "bbb"
2) "aaa"
3) "222"
4) "ccc"
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 aaa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 ccc
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 111
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "aaa"
2) "111"
3) "ccc"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set1 set2           //SDIFF表示求差集，set1在前面就是以set1位標準
1) "bbb"
2) "222"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set1
1) "111"

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFFSTORE set3 set1 set2           //SDIFFSTORE表示求出差集並保存到新集合中，set3爲新集合
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set3
1) "bbb"
2) "222"

127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2          //SINTER表示求交集
1) "aaa"
2) "ccc"

127.0.0.1:6379> SINTERSTORE set4 set1 set2           //SINTERSTORE表示求交集並保存到新集合中，set4爲新集合
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set4
1) "aaa"
2) "ccc"

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2              //SUNION表示求並集
1) "ccc"
2) "222"
3) "bbb"
4) "aaa"
5) "111"

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNIONSTORE set5 set1 set2              //SUNIONSTORE表示求並集並保存到新集合中，set5爲新集合
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set5
1) "ccc"
2) "222"
3) "bbb"
4) "aaa"
5) "111"

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 1          //SISMEMBER表示判斷一個元素是否在集合中
(integer) 0                 //返回0表示不存在
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 aaa
(integer) 1                 //返回1表示存在

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1           //SRANDMEMBER表示隨機取出元素，但不刪除
"ccc"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2         //2表示隨機取出2個元素
1) "ccc"
2) "222"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1
1) "bbb"
2) "aaa"
3) "222"
4) "ccc"

stored set

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 11 123              //ZADD表示添加元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 2 lab
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 25 k     
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1             //ZRANGE表示查看元素，按順序顯示，0表示第一位，-1表示最後一位
1) "lab"
2) "123"
3) "k"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM zset1 123              //ZREM表示刪除元素，123爲具體的值（輸入score（11）則不對）
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1
1) "lab"
2) "k"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 9 la
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 100 sss
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1
1) "lab"
2) "la"
3) "k"
4) "sss"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 k             //ZRANK返回元素的索引值，索引值從0開始，按sore正向排序，score即value前面的值，如la的sore是9，sss的sore爲100 
(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK zset1 k           //ZREVRANK返回元素的索引值，索引值從0開始，按score反向排序
(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset1 0 -1            //ZREVRANGE表示反序排序
1) "sss"
2) "k"
3) "la"
4) "lab"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD zset1               //ZCARD返回元素個數
(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT zset1 1 10             //ZCOUNT返回score範圍中的元素個數，1 10表示範圍爲1-10
(integer) 2           //1-10的元素個數爲2

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 1 10         //ZRANGEBYSCORE返回score範圍中的元素
1) "lab"
2) "la"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK zset1 0 1          //ZREMRANGEBYRANK表示刪除索引範圍中的元素，0 1表示索引從第一位到第二位
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1
1) "k"
2) "sss"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 6 111
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 31 all
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1
1) "111"
2) "k"
3) "all"
4) "sss"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYSCORE zset1 1 10             //ZREMRANGEBYSCORE表示刪除score（分值）範圍中的元素，1 10表示範圍爲1-10
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1
1) "k"
2) "all"
3) "sss"

hash

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET usera   name lzx             //HSET建立hash
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET usera name                  //HGET查看
"lzx"

127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET userb name lzx age 20 job it          //HMSET批量創建鍵值對
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET userb name age job               //HMGET批量查看
1) "lzx"
2) "20"
3) "it"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL userb            //HGETALL查看hash中所有鍵值對，這樣查看也可以
1) "name"
2) "lzx"
3) "age"
4) "20"
5) "job"
6) "it"

127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL userb age           //HDEL刪除對應的鍵值對
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL userb
1) "name"
2) "lzx"
3) "job"
4) "it"                  //age對應的鍵值對消失

127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS userb           //HKEYS顯示hash中所有的key
1) "name"
2) "job"

127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS userb           //HVALS顯示hash中所有的value
1) "lzx"
2) "it"

127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN userb            //HLEN查看hash中有多少個鍵值對
(integer) 2

Redis操作鍵值

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *               //KEYS列出redis中所有的key
 1) "key1"
 2) "k2"
 3) "set3"
 4) "k3"
 5) "seta"
 6) "mykey"
 7) "key2"
 8) "set5"
 9) "zset1"
10) "k1"
11) "set2"
12) "set4"
13) "list1"
14) "userb"
15) "usera"
16) "hash1"
17) "set1"
18) "list2"

127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS my*            //模糊匹配
1) "mykey"

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS key1           //EXISTS查看是否存在某個鍵，存在返回1，不存在返回0
(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> DEL key1              //DEL刪除某個鍵
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS key1
(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE k2 10          //EXPIRE給某個鍵設置過期時間，10表示10s
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> GET k2
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> GET k2                //過1os之後查看，k2的value爲空
(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE key2 100
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> TTL key2              //TTL查看鍵的過期時間
(integer) 94
127.0.0.1:6379> TTL key2
(integer) 90

127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1             //SELECT選擇庫，總共有16個庫，默認爲0庫
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> KEYS *         //[1]表示現在在1庫
(empty list or set)             //1庫沒有數據
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> SELECT 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
 1) "set3"
 2) "k3"
 3) "seta"
 4) "mykey"
 5) "set5"
 6) "zset1"
 7) "k1"
 8) "set2"
 9) "set4"
10) "list1"
11) "userb"
12) "usera"
13) "hash1"
14) "set1"
15) "list2"

127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE set2 1            //MOVE移動數據到另一個庫
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> KEYS *
1) "set2"

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE set1 100
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> TTL set1
(integer) 94
127.0.0.1:6379> PERSIST set1              //PERSIST取消過期時間
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> TTL set1
(integer) -1          //-1表示沒有過期時間，即永不過期

127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY               //隨機返回一個key
"userb"
127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY
"k3"
127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY
"k1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RENAME set1 setc           //RENAME表示重命名key
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS set*
1) "set3"
2) "seta"
3) "set5"
4) "set4"
5) "setc"

127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE zset1                 //TYPE查看key類型
zset
127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE list1
list
127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE setc
set

127.0.0.1:6379> DBSIZE              //DBSIZE返回當前數據庫中key的數量
(integer) 14

127.0.0.1:6379> INFO                //返回redis數據庫狀態信息
# Server
redis_version:4.0.11
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:f1b08454f8b4e56c
redis_mode:standalone
os:Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 x86_64
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
atomicvar_api:atomic-builtin
gcc_version:4.8.5
process_id:36457
run_id:d580da83e18929d6b37d826991dc705172de928c
tcp_port:6379
uptime_in_seconds:24729
uptime_in_days:0
hz:10
lru_clock:3752638
executable:/usr/local/src/redis-4.0.11/redis-server
config_file:/etc/redis.conf

# Clients
connected_clients:1
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0

# Memory
used_memory:851096
used_memory_human:831.15K
used_memory_rss:7970816
used_memory_rss_human:7.60M
used_memory_peak:851096
used_memory_peak_human:831.15K
used_memory_peak_perc:100.08%
used_memory_overhead:837134
used_memory_startup:786584
used_memory_dataset:13962
used_memory_dataset_perc:21.64%
total_system_memory:3958075392
total_system_memory_human:3.69G
used_memory_lua:37888
used_memory_lua_human:37.00K
maxmemory:0
maxmemory_human:0B
maxmemory_policy:noeviction
mem_fragmentation_ratio:9.36
mem_allocator:jemalloc-4.0.3
active_defrag_running:0
lazyfree_pending_objects:0

# Persistence
loading:0
rdb_changes_since_last_save:3
rdb_bgsave_in_progress:0
rdb_last_save_time:1530478637
rdb_last_bgsave_status:ok
rdb_last_bgsave_time_sec:0
rdb_current_bgsave_time_sec:-1
rdb_last_cow_size:6545408
aof_enabled:1
aof_rewrite_in_progress:0
aof_rewrite_scheduled:0
aof_last_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_current_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_last_bgrewrite_status:ok
aof_last_write_status:ok
aof_last_cow_size:0
aof_current_size:3560
aof_base_size:0
aof_pending_rewrite:0
aof_buffer_length:0
aof_rewrite_buffer_length:0
aof_pending_bio_fsync:0
aof_delayed_fsync:0

# Stats
total_connections_received:2
total_commands_processed:211
instantaneous_ops_per_sec:0
total_net_input_bytes:7390
total_net_output_bytes:24177
instantaneous_input_kbps:0.00
instantaneous_output_kbps:0.00
rejected_connections:0
sync_full:0
sync_partial_ok:0
sync_partial_err:0
expired_keys:4
expired_stale_perc:0.00
expired_time_cap_reached_count:0
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:97
keyspace_misses:10
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
latest_fork_usec:927
migrate_cached_sockets:0
slave_expires_tracked_keys:0
active_defrag_hits:0
active_defrag_misses:0
active_defrag_key_hits:0
active_defrag_key_misses:0

# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_replid:91c7968e04d1852516098681ea3bbd3e052b4252
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:0
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0

# CPU
used_cpu_sys:17.50
used_cpu_user:8.47
used_cpu_sys_children:0.32
used_cpu_user_children:0.00

# Cluster
cluster_enabled:0

# Keyspace
db0:keys=14,expires=0,avg_ttl=0
db1:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHDB             //FLUSHDB清空當前數據庫中所有的key
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
(empty list or set)

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL            //FLUSHALL清空所有庫中所有的key
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> KEYS *
(empty list or set)

127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE            //保存數據到磁盤，在後臺運行
Background saving started

127.0.0.1:6379> save              //保存數據到磁盤，在前臺運行
OK

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET *           //獲取所有配置參數

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET dir         //獲取配置參數
1) "dir"
2) "/data/redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET dbfilename
1) "dbfilename"
2) "dump.rdb"

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET timeout 100             //更改配置參數
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET timeout
1) "timeout"
2) "100"

數據恢復：首先定義或者確定dir目錄和dbfilename，然後把備份的rdb文件放到dir目錄下面，重啓redis服務即可恢復數據

Redis安全設置

設置監聽IP

vim /etc/redis.conf            //增加下面一行
bind 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.1            //設置內網IP，可以是多個，用空格分隔

設置監聽端口

vim /etc/redis.conf            //增加下面一行
port 16000           //不要設置爲默認端口6379

設置密碼

vim /etc/redis.conf            //增加下面一行
requirepass 123123             //密碼爲123123
redis-cli -a '123123'          //重啓服務之後再次登錄redis

把redis命令行裏面的config命令改名

vim /etc/redis.conf            //增加下面一行
rename-command CONFIG lzx           //把config命令改爲lzx命令，保存退出重啓服務

禁掉config命令

vim /etc/redis.conf            //增加下面一行
rename-command CONFIG ""       //保存退出重啓服務

Redis慢查詢日誌

編輯配置文件：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# vim /etc/redis.conf         //下面兩行爲慢日誌的默認配置
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000             //單位：微秒 ，即10ms
slowlog-max-len 128

針對慢查詢日誌，可以設置兩個參數，一個是執行時長，另一個是慢查詢日誌的長度。當一個新的命令被寫入日誌時，最老的一條會從命令日誌隊列中移除出去。

在redis命令行下，

slowlog get         //列出所有的慢查詢日誌
slowlog get 2       //只列出2條
slowlog len         //查看慢查詢日誌條數

PHP安裝redis擴展模塊

下載redis：

[root@lzx redis-4.0.11]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@lzx src]# wget https://codeload.github.com/phpredis/phpredis/zip/develop
[root@lzx src]# mv develop phpredis.zip
[root@lzx src]# unzip phpredis.zip
[root@lzx src]# cd phpredis-develop/
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/phpize

編譯安裝：

[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-config 
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# echo $?
0
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# make
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# echo $?
0
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# make install
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# echo $?
0
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini             //增加下面一行
extension=redis.so
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
ereg
exif
fileinfo
filter
ftp
gd
hash
iconv
json
libxml
mbstring
mcrypt
mysql
openssl
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
redis                  //有redis說明沒問題
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
soap
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
zlib

[Zend Modules]
[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart              //重啓php-fpm服務
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done

Redis存儲session

編輯配置文件：

[root@lzx phpredis-develop]# cd
[root@lzx ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf         //添加下面兩行
php_value[session.save_handler] = redis
php_value[session.save_path] = "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"

編輯存session記錄的腳本：

[root@lzx ~]# vim session.php           //寫入下面內容
<?php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['TEST'])) {
$_SESSION['TEST'] = time();
}
$_SESSION['TEST3'] = time();
print $_SESSION['TEST'];
print "<br><br>";
print $_SESSION['TEST3'];
print "<br><br>";
print session_id();
?>
[root@lzx ~]# mv session.php /usr/local/nginx/html/           //移動到/usr/local/nginx/html/目錄下

進行測試：

[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost/session.php 
1530489156<br><br>1530489156<br><br>st5k899dgb370g9ul54kalhf14
[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost/session.php
1530489158<br><br>1530489158<br><br>nt89nio8q5s81imr51op8as6i4
[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost/session.php
1530489159<br><br>1530489159<br><br>fjn7oi5tn0dmus2fds18earvr6
[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost/session.php
1530489160<br><br>1530489160<br><br>gpc9vtajh3sdsv7h0hufmembb7
[root@lzx ~]# curl localhost/session.php
1530489163<br><br>1530489163<br><br>q03c4qq5j6ts781d5su3lmqr73
[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
1) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:gpc9vtajh3sdsv7h0hufmembb7"
2) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:q03c4qq5j6ts781d5su3lmqr73"
3) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:nt89nio8q5s81imr51op8as6i4"
4) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:st5k899dgb370g9ul54kalhf14"
5) "PHPREDIS_SESSION:fjn7oi5tn0dmus2fds18earvr6"
127.0.0.1:6379> GET PHPREDIS_SESSION:fjn7oi5tn0dmus2fds18earvr6           //查詢對應key的value
"TEST|i:1530489159;TEST3|i:1530489159;"             //查出來的這個value可以和上面curl出來的對應

這就說明，我們上面的配置沒有問題，Redis中保存了session。

Redis主從配置

Redis的主從配置比MySQL的主從配置要簡單，這裏爲了方便測試，我直接在一臺機器上配置。

配置redis從服務：

[root@lzx ~]# cp /etc/redis.conf /etc/redis2.conf
[root@lzx ~]# vim !$         //做下面修改
port 6380             //port改爲6380，不能與主衝突
pidfile /var/run/redis_6380.pid         //pid文件不能相同
logfile "/var/log/redis2.log"            //日誌文件不能相同
dir /data/redis2                    //dir不能相同
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379           //增加一行，說明它是哪個的從，salveof 主IP 主服務端口

如果主上設置了密碼，那麼從也需要增加一行：

masterauth 123123           //設置主的密碼，假設主的密碼爲123123

啓動redis從服務：

[root@lzx ~]# mkdir /data/redis2
[root@lzx ~]# redis-server /etc/redis2.conf
[root@lzx ~]# ps aux |grep redis
root      36457  0.1  0.2 147356  9900 ?        Ssl  7月01   0:39 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
root      81816  1.0  0.2 147356  9720 ?        Ssl  08:16   0:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6380

Redis從不需要手動去同步數據，它會自動同步主上面的數據：

[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 10
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
1) "key1"
127.0.0.1:6379> set key2 100
OK
[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6380
127.0.0.1:6380> KEYS *
1) "key1"
2) "key2"              //可以看到剛剛在主上創建的key，在從上可以看到
127.0.0.1:6380> CONFIG GET dir
1) "dir"
2) "/data/redis2"
127.0.0.1:6380> CONFIG GET dbfilename
1) "dbfilename"
2) "dump.rdb"
127.0.0.1:6380> set key3 aaa
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.              //slave上不可以寫入數據，配置文件裏面有定義

Redis集羣搭建

當數據量達到很大時，單臺的Redis服務器是無法滿足需求的，這時候，就需要對Redis進行集羣，由多臺機器組成分佈式的Redis集羣，這樣新增節點非常方便。

Redis集羣有以下特點：

1. 多個redis節點網絡互聯，數據共享  
2. 所有的節點都是一主一從（也可以是一主多從），其中從不提供服務，僅作爲備用  
3. 不支持同時處理多個key（如MSET/MGET），因爲redis需要把key均勻分佈在各個節點上，
併發量很高的情況下同時創建key-value會降低性能並導致不可預測的行爲  
4. 支持在線增加、刪除節點  
5. 客戶端可以連任何一個主節點進行讀寫

場景設置：

兩臺機器，分別開啓三個redis服務（端口）
A機器上三個端口7000，7002，7004，IP爲192.168.100.150
B機器上三個端口7001，7003，7005，IP爲192.168.100.160
兩臺機器上都要編譯安裝redis，然後編輯並複製3個不同的redis.conf，
分別設置不同的端口號、dir等參數，還需要增加cluster相關參數，然後
分別啓動6個redis服務

A機器上面配置

修改配置文件：

[root@lzx ~]# cd /etc/
[root@lzx etc]# vim redis_7000.conf           //寫入下面內容
port 7000
bind 192.168.100.150           //A機器IP
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7000.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7000
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7000.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes
[root@lzx etc]# vim redis_7002.conf          //寫入下面內容
port 7002
bind 192.168.100.150
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7002.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7002
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7002.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes
[root@lzx etc]# vim redis_7004.conf         //寫入下面內容
port 7004
bind 192.168.100.150
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7004.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7004
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7004.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

啓動redis服務：

[root@lzx etc]# mkdir /data/redis_data
[root@lzx etc]# mkdir /data/redis_data/{7000,7002,7004}          //創建目錄       
[root@lzx etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7000.conf          //啓動7000端口的redis服務
13375:C 23 Aug 21:37:11.272 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
13375:C 23 Aug 21:37:11.272 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=13375, just started
13375:C 23 Aug 21:37:11.272 # Configuration loaded
[root@lzx etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7002.conf          //啓動7002端口的redis服務
13380:C 23 Aug 21:38:18.483 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
13380:C 23 Aug 21:38:18.483 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=13380, just started
13380:C 23 Aug 21:38:18.483 # Configuration loaded
[root@lzx etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7004.conf         //啓動7004端口的redis服務
13385:C 23 Aug 21:38:23.564 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
13385:C 23 Aug 21:38:23.564 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=13385, just started
13385:C 23 Aug 21:38:23.564 # Configuration loaded 
[root@lzx etc]# ps aux |grep redis             //查看redis進程
root      13376  0.1  0.1 145312  7572 ?        Ssl  21:37   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.150:7000 [cluster]
root      13381  0.1  0.1 145312  7572 ?        Ssl  21:38   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.150:7002 [cluster]
root      13386  0.1  0.1 145312  7576 ?        Ssl  21:38   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.150:7004 [cluster]

別忘了關閉防火牆和SElinux

B機器上操作

修改配置文件：

[root@lzx1 ~]# cd /etc/
[root@lzx1 etc]# vim redis_7001.conf            //寫入下面內容
port 7001
bind 192.168.100.160
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7001.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7001
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7001.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes
[root@lzx1 etc]# vim redis_7003.conf           //寫入下面內容
port 7003
bind 192.168.100.160
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7003.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7003
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7003.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes
[root@lzx1 etc]# vim redis_7005.conf           //寫入下面內容
port 7005
bind 192.168.100.160
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_7005.pid
dir /data/redis_data/7005
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes_7005.conf
cluster-node-timeout 10100
appendonly yes

啓動redis服務：

[root@lzx1 etc]# mkdir /data/redis_data
[root@lzx1 etc]# mkdir /data/redis_data/{7001,7003,7005}
[root@localhost etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7001.conf 
1855:C 23 Aug 21:39:43.723 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1855:C 23 Aug 21:39:43.723 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1855, just started
1855:C 23 Aug 21:39:43.723 # Configuration loaded
[root@lzx1 etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7003.conf 
1860:C 23 Aug 21:39:48.375 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1860:C 23 Aug 21:39:48.376 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1860, just started
1860:C 23 Aug 21:39:48.376 # Configuration loaded
[root@lzx1 etc]# redis-server /etc/redis_7005.conf 
1865:C 23 Aug 21:39:52.655 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1865:C 23 Aug 21:39:52.656 # Redis version=4.0.11, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1865, just started
1865:C 23 Aug 21:39:52.656 # Configuration loaded
[root@lzx1 etc]# ps aux |grep redis
root       1856  0.1  0.1 145312  7576 ?        Ssl  21:39   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.160:7001 [cluster]
root       1861  0.1  0.1 145312  7576 ?        Ssl  21:39   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.160:7003 [cluster]
root       1866  0.1  0.1 145312  7576 ?        Ssl  21:39   0:00 redis-server 192.168.100.160:7005 [cluster]

這裏也要關閉防火牆和SElinux

在A機器上繼續操作

安裝ruby2.2，不能yum直接安裝（只需要在一臺機器上安裝即可）：

[root@lzx ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"        //下面步驟是將源碼包轉化爲rpm包
[root@lzx ~]# yum install -y gdbm-devel libdb4-devel libffi-devel libyaml libyaml-devel ncurses-devel openssl-devel readline-devel tcl-deve
[root@lzx ~]# mkdir -p rpmbuild/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
[root@lzx ~]# wget http://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.2/ruby-2.2.3.tar.gz -P rpmbuild/SOURCES
[root@lzx ~]# wget http://raw.githubusercontent.com/tjinjin/automate-ruby-rpm/master/ruby22x.spec -P rpmbuild/SPECS
[root@lzx ~]# rpmbuild -bb rpmbuild/SPECS/ruby22x.spec 
[root@lzx ~]# ls rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/ruby-2.2.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm 
rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/ruby-2.2.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
[root@lzx ~]# yum localinstall -y rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/ruby-2.2.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm          //也可以rpm -ivh方式安裝
[root@lzx ~]# gem install redis             //主要是爲了安裝這個，用來配置集羣
Fetching: redis-4.0.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed redis-4.0.2
Parsing documentation for redis-4.0.2
Installing ri documentation for redis-4.0.2
Done installing documentation for redis after 1 seconds
1 gem installed

繼續配置：

[root@lzx ~]# cp /usr/local/src/redis-4.0.11/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/bin/
[root@lzx ~]# redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.100.150:7000 192.168.100.150:7002 192.168.100.150:7004 192.168.100.160:7001 192.168.100.160:7003 192.168.100.160:7005         //上面的一切都是爲了這條命令能夠順利執行
>>> Creating cluster
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Using 3 masters:
192.168.100.150:7000
192.168.100.160:7001
192.168.100.150:7002             //三個主分別是7000，7001,7002
Adding replica 192.168.100.160:7005 to 192.168.100.150:7000           //7005是7000的從
Adding replica 192.168.100.150:7004 to 192.168.100.160:7001           //7004是7001的從
Adding replica 192.168.100.160:7003 to 192.168.100.150:7002           //7003是7002的從
M: c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000
   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
M: 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002
   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
S: 9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004
   replicates 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b
M: 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001
   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
S: 3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003
   replicates 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c
S: bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005
   replicates c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes           //輸入yes表示接受上面配置
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join.....
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.100.150:7000)
M: c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000
   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457
S: 3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c
M: 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001
   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b
M: 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002
   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.           //執行成功，集羣搭建完畢
[root@localhost ~]# echo $?
0

Redis集羣操作

命令行常用操作：

[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.100.150 -p 7000             //-c表示使用集羣方式登錄
192.168.100.150:7000> set key1 123
-> Redirected to slot [9189] located at 192.168.100.160:7001           //說明到了7001上
OK
192.168.100.160:7001> set key2 abc
-> Redirected to slot [4998] located at 192.168.100.150:7000           //說明到了7000上
OK
192.168.100.150:7000> set key3 aaa             //沒有提示表示回到了本機
OK
192.168.100.150:7000> get key1
-> Redirected to slot [9189] located at 192.168.100.160:7001          
"123"
192.168.100.160:7001> get key2
-> Redirected to slot [4998] located at 192.168.100.150:7000
"abc"

集羣操作：

192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER NODES             //列出節點
bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005@17005 slave c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 0 1535036884135 6 connected
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535036885139 5 connected
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535036885140 4 connected 5461-10922
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 myself,master - 0 1535036884000 1 connected 0-5460
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535036885000 4 connected
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535036886147 2 connected 10923-16383
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER info              //查看集羣信息
cluster_state:ok
cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3
cluster_current_epoch:6
cluster_my_epoch:1
cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:1021
cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:967
cluster_stats_messages_sent:1988
cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:962
cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:1021
cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5
cluster_stats_messages_received:1988
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER MEET 192.168.100.160 7007               //添加節點，不過進行這一步之前，先在B機器上配置好7007服務
OK
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER NODES
bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005@17005 slave c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 0 1535037337457 6 connected
247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007@17007 master - 0 1535037335448 0 connected            //以master身份添加進來
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535037335000 5 connected
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535037335000 4 connected 5461-10922
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 myself,master - 0 1535037333000 1 connected 0-5460
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535037336000 4 connected
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535037337000 2 connected 10923-16383
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER MEET 192.168.100.150 7006              //在進行這一步之前，先在A機器上配置好7006服務
OK
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER NODES
bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005@17005 slave c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 0 1535037595784 6 connected
247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007@17007 master - 0 1535037596790 0 connected
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535037595000 5 connected
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535037596087 4 connected 5461-10922
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 myself,master - 0 1535037596000 1 connected 0-5460
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535037595079 4 connected
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535037595000 2 connected 10923-16383
a9fbe573f52ac2aa272963ff89131f0246055cfc 192.168.100.150:7006@17006 master - 0 1535037597793 0 connected            //以master身份添加進來
[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.100.150 -p 7006
192.168.100.150:7006> CLUSTER REPLICATE 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7             //將當前節點設置爲指定節點的從，更改7006爲7007的從，後面隨機字符串爲node_id
OK
192.168.100.150:7006> CLUSTER NODES
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535037791000 4 connected 5461-10922
bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005@17005 slave c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 0 1535037790000 1 connected
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535037790000 2 connected 10923-16383
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535037791000 2 connected
a9fbe573f52ac2aa272963ff89131f0246055cfc 192.168.100.150:7006@17006 myself,slave 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 0 1535037791000 0 connected
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 master - 0 1535037790742 1 connected 0-5460
247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007@17007 master - 0 1535037791749 7 connected
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535037792751 4 connected
192.168.100.150:7006> CLUSTER FORGET 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7               //刪除指定節點，但無法刪除master節點，而且不能刪除本身節點（登錄節點）
(error) ERR Can't forget my master!
192.168.100.150:7006> CLUSTER FORGET bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8               //刪除7005節點
OK
192.168.100.150:7006> CLUSTER NODES
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535038150000 4 connected 5461-10922
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535038151864 2 connected 10923-16383
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535038150860 2 connected
a9fbe573f52ac2aa272963ff89131f0246055cfc 192.168.100.150:7006@17006 myself,slave 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 0 1535038151000 0 connected
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 master - 0 1535038152867 1 connected 0-5460
247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007@17007 master - 0 1535038151000 7 connected
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535038151000 4 connected
[root@lzx ~]# ls /data/redis_data/7000
appendonly.aof  dump.rdb  nodes_7000.conf
[root@lzx ~]# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.100.150 -p 7000
192.168.100.150:7000> CLUSTER SAVECONFIG              //保存當前所有配置
OK
[root@lzx ~]# cat /data/redis_data/7000/nodes_7000.conf 
bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005@17005 slave c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 0 1535038376000 6 connected
247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007@17007 master - 0 1535038377000 7 connected
3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003@17003 slave 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 0 1535038376000 5 connected
0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001@17001 master - 0 1535038376777 4 connected 5461-10922
c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000@17000 myself,master - 0 1535038375000 1 connected 0-5460
9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004@17004 slave 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 0 1535038378080 4 connected
6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002@17002 master - 0 1535038378081 2 connected 10923-16383
a9fbe573f52ac2aa272963ff89131f0246055cfc 192.168.100.150:7006@17006 slave 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 0 1535038377779 7 connected
vars currentEpoch 7 lastVoteEpoch 0             //文件內容發生變化，所有節點的配置文件都會發生變化

檢查集羣狀態：

[root@lzx ~]# redis-trib.rb check 192.168.100.150:7000
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.100.150:7000)
M: c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457 192.168.100.150:7000
   slots:0-5460 (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: bfc152ca2c9d140d980e3b8c3c1868239e32efe8 192.168.100.160:7005
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates c007437678a379cd57e811843811e5b047337457
M: 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7 192.168.100.160:7007
   slots: (0 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 3cb24dc6d295fa9c261e36df67fda11151de7ef7 192.168.100.160:7003
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c
M: 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b 192.168.100.160:7001
   slots:5461-10922 (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 9866e7651c9e26a533112e96f578477293de9670 192.168.100.150:7004
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 0550a444f45604dfc1f01191df67f513d5c5fc5b
M: 6d53d46c401de9804c1fd48c07685f22d693f39c 192.168.100.150:7002
   slots:10923-16383 (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: a9fbe573f52ac2aa272963ff89131f0246055cfc 192.168.100.150:7006
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 247db306c69342ce8642e2a276199349aa25c6e7
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

NoSQL（二)——Redis

21.3 Redis介紹

什麼是Redis

Redis安裝

Redis持久化

Redis數據類型

Redis常用操作

Redis操作鍵值

Redis安全設置

Redis慢查詢日誌

PHP安裝redis擴展模塊

Redis存儲session

Redis主從配置

Redis集羣搭建

A機器上面配置

B機器上操作

在A機器上繼續操作

Redis集羣操作

工作中用到的腳本合集

微服務實踐Aspire項目發佈到遠程k8s集羣

通過f-string編寫簡潔高效的Python格式化輸出代碼

[轉帖]20個常用的Linux工具命令

[轉帖]PostgreSQL從小白到高手教程 - 第46講：poc-tpch測試

24-5-18 X

Prometheus部署（一）

Grafana部署

26. 讀寫json數據

25. 讀寫csv數據

23. 訪問文件的狀態

https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

linux以太網驅動總結