win7+nginx+tomcat均衡負載配置

Win7+Nginx+Tomcat負載均衡配置

3臺機器模擬測試：192.168.101.23 配置nginx服務；192.168.101.222 配置tomcat1；192.168.101.5 配置tomcat2；

一、下載Nginx（nginx-1.5.8.zip）

下載地址：http：//nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.8.zip

解壓到D：/serve目錄下

如圖1所示：

è 雙擊運行nginx.exe,屏幕一閃而過或者在DOS裏面敲打命令，如圖所示：\

可以看到屏幕一閃而過，接下來測試一下是否安裝啓動成功；

à在任務管理器的進程中查看nginx.exe是否啓動

à若看到該映像名稱，證明nginx程序已經啓動成功！

這時我們就可以在瀏覽器中訪問:http://localhost

à這樣我們就成功的搭建了一個nginx服務！！

二：分別在另外兩臺計算機上配置tomcat以及部署項目，這裏就簡單說一個，另一臺類似；

下載安裝apache-tomcat-6.0.37.zip，解壓目錄爲：D:/web

配置環境變量參考地址：

http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=ZFW-uT63qENQgiyOLZc8hkAeXrqvvGqV8eM-Q5yMb79bd_tqNmy-3RcHr1swKFa_FY_p-ofg-qxM6QNkYKLv-d3LbAO3XTXLyW5R9WL5yP3

192.168.101.222上的tomcat配置文件（\bin\server.xml）:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

-->

<!-- Global JNDI resources

Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

-->

<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

-->

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

</GlobalNamingResources>

<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

-->

<!--

<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

-->

<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

and responses are returned. Documentation at :

Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

-->

<Connector port="8088" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

<!--

<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

-->

<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the

connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration

described in the APR documentation -->

<!--

<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"

maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"

clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

-->

<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

-->

<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)

/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

<!--

-->

<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about

the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits

that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

available for use by the Realm. -->

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

<!-- Define the default virtual host

Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.

-->

<!--

下面是部署項目路徑

-->

<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"

xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

在tomcat的web.xml文件中的</web-app>前面加上<distributable/>即可

192.168.101.5計算機上的tomcat配置文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

-->

<!-- Global JNDI resources

Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

-->

<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

-->

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

</GlobalNamingResources>

<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

-->

<!--

<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

-->

<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

and responses are returned. Documentation at :

Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

-->

<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

<!--

<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443"/>

-->

<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the

connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration

described in the APR documentation -->

<!--

<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"

maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"

clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

-->

<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

-->

<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)

/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

<!--

-->

<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about

the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits

that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

available for use by the Realm. -->

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

<!-- Define the default virtual host

Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.

-->

<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"

xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

在tomcat的web.xml文件中的</web-app>前面加上<distributable/>即可

三、啓動tomcat服務；

分別到兩個tomcat下直接雙擊bin\startup.bat啓動tomcat，如圖所示:

和

通過瀏覽器分別訪問兩臺機器的tomcat，顯示項目p2b的主頁面，即可說明tomcat配置成功！

Nginx+Tomcat負載均衡配置這裏只需要修改Nginx的配置文件nginx.conf，讓它通過tomcat來轉發。

Nginx配置文件完成如下：

#使用的用戶和組,window下不指定

#user nobody;

#指定工作衍生進程數(一般等於CPU總和數或總和數的兩倍，例如兩個四核CPU，則總和數爲8)

worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;

#error_log logs/error.log notice;

#error_log logs/error.log info;

#指定pid存放路徑

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

#工作模式及連接數上限

events {

#使用網絡I/O模型，Linux系統推薦使用epoll模型，FreeBSD系統推薦使用kqueue;window下不指定

#允許的連接數

#user epoll;

worker_connections 100;

}

#設定http服務器，利用他的反向代理功能提供負載均衡支持

http {

#設定mime類型

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#設定日誌格式

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

access_log logs/access.log main;

#設定access log

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

#開啓gzip模塊

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1100;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

output_buffers 1 32k;

postpone_output 1460;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_max_body_size 8m;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_vary on;

#設定負載均衡的服務器列表

upstream localhost {

#設定負載均衡的服務器列表

#ip_hash;

#同一機器在多網情況下，路由切換，ip可能不同
#weigth參數表示權值，權值越高被分配到的機率越大

server 192.168.101.222:8088 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=600s;

server 192.168.101.5:8081 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=600s;

}

#設定虛擬主機

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

charset UTF-8;

#設定本虛擬主機的訪問日誌

access_log logs/host.access.log main;

#對 "/" 啓用負載均衡

location / {

root \\192.168.101.222\D:\web\apache-tomcat-6.0.37\webapps;

index index.html index.htm index.aspx;

proxy_redirect off;

#保留用戶真實信息

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

#允許客戶端請求的最大單個文件字節數

client_max_body_size 10m;

#緩衝區代理緩衝用戶端請求的最大字節數，可以理解爲先保存到本地再傳給用戶

client_body_buffer_size 128k;

#跟後端服務器連接超時時間發起握手等候響應超時時間

proxy_connect_timeout 12;

#連接成功後等待後端服務器響應時間其實已進入後端的排隊之中等候處理

proxy_read_timeout 90;

#代理請求緩存區這個緩存區間會保存用戶的頭信息一共Nginx進行規則處理一般只要能保存下頭信息即可

proxy_send_timeout 90;

#同上告訴Nginx保存單個用的幾個Buffer最大用多大空間

proxy_buffer_size 4k;

proxy_buffers 4 32k;

#如果系統很忙的時候可以申請國內各大的proxy_buffers 官方推薦 *2

proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

#proxy 緩存臨時文件的大小

proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;

proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;

proxy_pass http://localhost;

}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

#server {

# listen 8000;

# listen somename:8080;

# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

# HTTPS server

#server {

# listen 443 ssl;

# server_name localhost;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;

# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

}

四、測試

前提是分別啓動兩臺機器的tomcat,其次啓動nginx服務；

在192.168.101.23上訪問nginx服務器（通過訪問http://localhost來實現對192.168.101.222和192.168.101.5這兩個機器上應用程序的訪問，最終實現tomcat的均衡負載）

[1]關閉192.168.101.222上的tomcat服務，訪問192.168.101.23上的nginx服務，觀察192.168.101.5上的tomcat是否運行；

[2]關閉192.168.101.5上的tomcat服務，訪問192.168.101.23上的nginx服務，觀察192.168.101.222上的tomcat是否運行；

[3]兩個tomcat都啓動，訪問nginx服務，模擬併發用戶n個，觀察tomcat的運行情況；

如果[1]和[2]的tomcat都運行就說明搭建nginx代理服務成功，tomcat實現了均衡負載；

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