《三思筆記》--讀書筆記
linux下
首先執行備份腳本
如下：
[oracle@cindy rman_backup]$ /u01/oracle/rman_backup/back_jiaoben.sh
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13> 14> back_jiaoben.sh的內容如下：
rman target / msglog /u01/oracle/rman_backup/` date +"%Y%m%d" `.log cmdfile=/u01/oracle/rman_backup/back_jiaoben.rmanback_jiaoben.rman的內容如下：
run{
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/u01/oracle/rman_backup/%F';
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/oracle/rman_backup/bak_%U';
backup database skip inaccessible
plus archivelog filesperset 20
delete all input;
release channel c1;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt obsolete;然後查看備份的內容，如下：
[oracle@cindy rman_backup]$ ls
20140902.log back_jiaoben.rman back_jiaoben.sh bak_2pphf9id_1_1 bak_2qphf9if_1_1 bak_2rphf9ok_1_1 c-4252637343-20140902-03接下來模擬各種情況下恢復數據庫的情況
歸檔模式有備份，丟失數據文件的恢復
1，構造數據
[oracle@cindy ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger;
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Sep 2 03:53:14 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table tmp2(name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into tmp2 values ('test1');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tmp2 values ('test2');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into tmp2 values ('test3');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.2，模擬文件丟失
以sysdba身份登錄並關閉數據庫
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.然後手動刪除數據文件
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ cd /u02/oradata/ora11g
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ ls
cindy01.dbf control01.ctl example01.dbf redo01.log redo02.log redo03.log sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ rm users01.dbf重啓數據庫
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Sep 2 06:17:51 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 322964784 bytes
Database Buffers 88080384 bytes
Redo Buffers 4272128 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'此時報錯，找不到數據文件，此時數據庫處於mount狀態
3，執行恢復
重新打開一個窗口，執行rman
[oracle@cindy ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 2 06:24:19 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4252637343, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 4;
Starting restore at 02-SEP-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/rman_backup/bak_2qphf9if_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_backup/bak_2qphf9if_1_1 tag=TAG20140902T034518
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 02-SEP-14
RMAN> recover datafile 4;
Starting recover at 02-SEP-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 02-SEP-14
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened切換到sql，查詢數據
[oracle@cindy ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Sep 2 06:26:32 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from tmp2;
NAME
--------------------
test1
test2
test3數據都回來了
ps:用來查詢表空間及其關聯的數據文件
SELECT A.ABLESPACE_NAME, B.FILE_ID, B.FILE_NAME, B.STATUS
FROM DBA_TABLESPACES A,
(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, FILE_NAME, STATUS
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
UNION
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, FILE_NAME, STATUS
FROM DBA_TMP_FILES) B
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME = B.TABLESPACE_NAME;
歸檔模式無備份，丟失數據文件的恢復
如system表空間的數據文件丟失或損壞，除非藉助備份，否則無法直接恢復，如果是臨時表空間的數據文件丟失，不需要恢復，重建一個即可
1，創建新的表空間cindy02
確認處於歸檔模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch_log
Oldest online log sequence 9
Next log sequence to archive 11
Current log sequence 11SQL> create tablespace cindy04 datafile '/u02/oradata/ora11g/cindy04.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create user cindy04 identified by cindy default tablespace cindy04;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to cindy04;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn cindy04/cindy;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(name varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into test values ('acd');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.2，關閉數據庫，手動刪除數據文件
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u02
[oracle@cindy u02]$ ls
arch_log oradata rmanbak
[oracle@cindy u02]$ cd oracle
-bash: cd: oracle: No such file or directory
[oracle@cindy u02]$ cd oradata
[oracle@cindy oradata]$ ls
ora11g
[oracle@cindy oradata]$ cd ora11g
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ ls
cindy01.dbf cindy03.dbf control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
cindy02.dbf cindy04.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ rm cindy04.dbf
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ ls
cindy01.dbf cindy03.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
cindy02.dbf control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Sep 2 07:10:41 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 322964784 bytes
Database Buffers 88080384 bytes
Redo Buffers 4272128 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 9 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 9: '/u02/oradata/ora11g/cindy04.dbf'
由於此時沒有備份，我們便從歸檔中恢復數據文件，如下
通過alter database create datafile命令重建一個該文件
SQL> alter database create datafile '/u02/oradata/ora11g/cindy04.dbf' as '/u02/oradata/ora11g/cindy04.dbf'
2 ;
Database altered.
SQL> recover datafile 9;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> conn cindy04/cindy
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
NAME
--------------------
acd可見，建完文件之後，恢復該文件，此處的關鍵點是，丟失的數據文件，從其創建時刻起所有的重做日誌文件都還在，因此纔可以在重建該數據文件後，通過recover命令應用所有的重做日誌的方式，重建該數據文件中的內容
此次恢復沒有使用rman，因爲，在這種情況下（有歸檔無備份），上述恢復方式爲最佳。
丟失控制文件的恢復
新增一條數據
SQL> insert into test values('ert');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.手動刪除控制文件
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ cd /u02/oradata/ora11g
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ ls
cindy01.dbf cindy03.dbf control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
cindy02.dbf cindy04.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ rm control01.ctl
[oracle@cindy ora11g]$ ls
cindy01.dbf cindy03.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
cindy02.dbf cindy04.dbf redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf由於控制文件丟失，數據庫無法啓動到mount狀態，只能到nomount
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2228944 bytes
Variable Size 322964784 bytes
Database Buffers 88080384 bytes
Redo Buffers 4272128 bytes打開一個新窗口，連接到rman
首先設置dbid
[oracle@cindy ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 2 07:34:20 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (not mounted)
RMAN> set dbid = 4252637343
executing command: SET DBID因爲備份是在nocatalog模式下進行的，因爲備份信息、備份設置等都是存儲在目標數據庫的控制文件中，現在控制文件丟失，相當於前面的一些配置也丟失了，用show all命令查看，可見所有配置均恢復成默認值
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORA11G are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default此時恢復控制文件，不能直接使用restore controlfile from autobackup命令，因爲自動備份的設置丟失了，並且此時在nocatalog模式下，無法配置controlfile autobackup的相關屬性，所以此時要顯示指定控制文件備份集的方式恢復控制文件，如下
RMAN> host;
[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_backup
[oracle@cindy rman_backup]$ ls
20140902.log back_jiaoben.rman back_jiaoben.sh bak_2pphf9id_1_1 bak_2qphf9if_1_1 bak_2rphf9ok_1_1 c-4252637343-20140902-03 c-4252637343-20140902-04
[oracle@cindy rman_backup]$ ll
total 1328012
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 4671 Sep 2 03:48 20140902.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 484 Aug 31 16:44 back_jiaoben.rman
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 118 Sep 2 03:44 back_jiaoben.sh
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 136192 Sep 2 03:45 bak_2pphf9id_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1338613760 Sep 2 03:48 bak_2qphf9if_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 35840 Sep 2 03:48 bak_2rphf9ok_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9863168 Sep 2 03:48 c-4252637343-20140902-03
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9863168 Sep 2 07:16 c-4252637343-20140902-04
[oracle@cindy rman_backup]$ exit
exit
host command complete
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/rman_backup/c-4252637343-20140902-04';
Starting restore at 02-SEP-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
output file name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora11g/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 02-SEP-14有了控制文件，數據庫就可置爲mount狀態
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1由於只是控制文件丟失，數據文件仍在，因此並不需要對整個數據庫進行修復操作，只需要執行recover 操作，重新應用備份的控制文件後生成的那些重做日誌即可
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 02-SEP-14
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 02-SEP-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 4 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 02-SEP-14
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 02-SEP-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 02-SEP-14
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 12 is already on disk as file /u02/oradata/ora11g/redo03.log
archived log file name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/redo03.log thread=1 sequence=12
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 02-SEP-14由於是通過備份的控制文件恢復的，所以在打開數據庫的時候，必須執行resetlogs
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened切到sql下，查看數據是否還在
SQL> conn cindy04/cindy
Connected.
SQL> select * from temp;
select * from temp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select * from test;
NAME
--------------------
acd
ert丟失非當前聯機重做日誌文件的恢復，看之前的blog