常用linux命令詳解

350個linux命令詳解

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 註解
System information 系統信息
arch	show architecture of machine  顯示主機的體系結構
uname -r	show used kernel version  顯示kernel版本信息
dmidecode -q	show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)  顯示硬件系統部件
hdaparm -i /dev/hda	displays the characteristics of a hard-disk  顯示某一硬盤特點
hdparm -tT /dev/sda	perform test reading on a hard-disk  執行某一硬盤讀取測試
cat /proc/cpuinfo	show information CPU info  顯示CPU信息
cat /proc/interrupts	show interrupts  顯示中斷信息
cat /proc/meminfo	verify memory use  覈實內存使用情況
cat /proc/swaps	show file(s) swap  顯示文件swap情況
cat /proc/version	show version of the kernel  顯示kernel版本信息
cat /proc/net/dev	show network adpters and statistics  顯示網絡信息
cat /proc/mounts	show mounted file system(s)  顯示掛載系統信息
lspci -tv	display PCI devices  顯示PCI設備
lsusb -tv	show USB devices  顯示USB設備
date	show system date  顯示系統日期
cal 2007	show the timetable of 2007  顯示2007年日曆
date 041217002007.00	set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second 設置時間和日期 - 格式：月日時分年.秒
clock -w	save changes on BIOS  保存BIOS設置
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令詳解翻譯 - moon-blog.cn

        

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 註解
Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout 系統關機,重啓或註銷
shutdown -h now	shutdown system 關閉系統
init 0
shutdown -r hours:minutes	planned shutdown of the system 定時關機
shutdown -c	cancel a planned shutdown of the system 取消定時關機
shutdown -r now	reboot 重啓系統
reboot
logout	leaving session 註銷用戶
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令詳解翻譯 - moon-blog.cn

        

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 註解
Files and Directory  文件及目錄
cd /home	enter to directory '/ home' 進入/home目錄
cd ..	go back one level 向上返回一個目錄
cd ../..	go back two levels 向上返回兩個目錄
cd	go to home directory 前往/home目錄
cd ~utente	go to home directory 前往/home目錄
cd -	go to previous directory 進入先前所在目錄
pwd	show the path of work directory 顯示目錄路徑
ls	view files of directory 顯示目錄內包含的文件
ls -F	view files of directory 顯示目錄內包含的文件
ls -l	show details of files and directory 顯示目錄內文件的詳細信息
ls -a	show hidden files 顯示隱藏文件
ls *[0-9]*	show files and directory containing number 顯示目錄內包含有數字的文件
lstree	show files and directories in a tree starting from root 以樹形顯示文件
mkdir dir1	create a directory called 'dir1' 建立dir1目錄
mkdir dir1 dir2	create two directories simultaneously 建立兩個目錄
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2	create a directory tree 建立目錄樹
rm -f file1	delete file called 'file1' 刪除名爲file1的文件
rmdir dir1	delete directory called 'dir1' 刪除名爲dir1的目錄
rm -rf dir1	remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively 刪除dir1目錄及所含文件
rm -rf dir1 dir2	remove two directories and their contents recursively 刪除dir1 dir 2兩個目錄及所含文件
mv dir1 new_dir	rename / move a file or directory 重命名/移動 文件或文件夾
cp file1 file2	copying a file 複製文件
cp dir/* .	copy all files of a directory within the current work directory 複製目錄及目錄內所有文件到當前目錄
cp -a /tmp/dir1 .	copy a directory within the current work directory 複製目錄到當前目錄
cp -a dir1 dir2	copy a directory 複製目錄
ln -s file1 lnk1	create a symbolic link to file or directory 建立文件或目錄的符號鏈
ln file1 lnk1	create a physical link to file or directory 建立文件或目錄的物理鏈
touch -t 0712250000 fileditest	modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm) 修改文件或目錄的時間戳  - 格式：YYMMDDhhmm
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令詳解翻譯 - moon-blog.cn

        

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 註解
File search  文件搜索
find / -name file1	search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'  在 / 目錄中搜索文件或目錄
find / -user user1	search files and directories belonging to 'user1' 搜索屬於user1的文件和目錄
find /home/user1 -name *.bin	search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1'  在/home/user1目錄內搜索包含有.bin的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100	search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days  搜索100天未用的文件
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10	search files created or changed within 10 days 搜索10天內創建或更改的文件
find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ;	search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits 搜索帶有修改屬性的.rpm的文件
find / -name *.rpm -xdev	search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.… 搜索全屬性的.rpm的文件
locate *.ps	find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command  搜索擴展名爲.ps的文件  - 需要先運行updatedb命令
whereis halt	show location of a binary file,source or man  搜索halt的路徑
which halt	show full path to a binary / executable  取得halt列表並尋找當halt作爲命令給定時所運行的文件
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令詳解翻譯 - moon-blog.cn

        

COMMAND 命令	DESCRIPTION 註解
Mounting a Filesystem  掛載文件系統
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2	mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2' 掛載名爲hda2的硬盤設備
umount /dev/hda2	unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first  取消掛載名爲hda2的硬盤設備
fuser -km /mnt/hda2	force umount when the device is busy  強行取消掛載設備
umount -n /mnt/hda2	run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full  不記錄掛載信息直接取消掛載  - 當硬盤爲只讀或硬盤已滿時很實用
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy	mount a floppy disk  掛載軟盤
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom	mount a cdrom / dvdrom  掛載CDrom或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom  掛載CD-RW或DVDrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom  掛載CD-RW或DVDrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom	mount a file or iso image  掛載一個文件或ISO光盤鏡像
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5	mount a Windows FAT32 file system  掛載windows FAT32文件系統
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk	mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive  掛載USB閃存設備
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share	mount a windows network share  掛載windows網絡共享
linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令詳解翻譯 - moon-blog.cn